Pierce won the highest share of the electoral vote since James Monroe's uncontested 1820 re-election.
The lack of clearcut issues between the two parties helped drive voter turnout down to its lowest level since 1836.
The American Republican party was formed in 1843 in major opposition to immigration and Catholicism.
In 1845, the party changed its name to the Native American Party.
Senator from Illinois As Democrats convened in Baltimore in June 1852, four major candidates vied for the nomination: Lewis Cass of Michigan, the nominee in 1848, who had the backing of northerners in support of the Compromise of 1850; James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, popular in the South as well as in his home state; Stephen A.
However, following the Compromise of 1850, most of the "Barnburners" who supported it in 1848 had returned to the Democratic Party while most of the Conscience Whigs rejoined the Whig Party.
=== Liberty Party nomination === The Liberty Party had ceased to become a significant political force after most of its members joined the Free Soil Party in 1848.
The Free Soilers: Third-Party Politics, 1848-54 (U of Illinois Press, 1973). Gara, Larry.
Democrat Franklin Pierce, a former Senator from New Hampshire, defeated Whig nominee General Winfield Scott. Incumbent Whig President Millard Fillmore had succeeded to the Presidency in 1850 upon the death of President Zachary Taylor.
Endorsement of the Compromise of 1850 and enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law earned Fillmore Southern voter support and Northern voter opposition.
Senator from Illinois As Democrats convened in Baltimore in June 1852, four major candidates vied for the nomination: Lewis Cass of Michigan, the nominee in 1848, who had the backing of northerners in support of the Compromise of 1850; James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, popular in the South as well as in his home state; Stephen A.
Supporters of President Fillmore pointed to the successful Compromise of 1850 and the failure of a nascent secession movement in the Southern states in 1850–1851.
The northern Whigs believed that the Compromise of 1850 favored the slaveholding South over the North.
However, following the Compromise of 1850, most of the "Barnburners" who supported it in 1848 had returned to the Democratic Party while most of the Conscience Whigs rejoined the Whig Party.
Giddings of Ohio. === Union Party nomination === The Union party was formed in 1850, an offshoot of the Whig party in several Southern states, including Georgia.
After the Compromise of 1850 was passed, many of the southern Whig Party members broke with the party's key figure, Henry Clay. Finally, Scott's status as a war hero was somewhat offset by the fact that Pierce was himself a Mexican–American War brigadier general. The Democrats adopted the slogan: The Whigs we Polked in forty-four, We'll Pierce in fifty-two, playing on the names of Pierce and former President James K.
The Democratic Machine, 1850–1854 (1923) online Wilentz, Sean.
The 1852 United States presidential election was the 17th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1852.
On the 53rd ballot of the sectionally divided 1852 Whig National Convention, Scott defeated Fillmore for the nomination.
Democrats divided among four major candidates at the 1852 Democratic National Convention.
Roosevelt. == Nominations == The 1852 presidential election conventions of the parties are considered below in order of the party's popular vote. === Democratic Party nomination === Franklin Pierce, former U.S.
Senator from Illinois As Democrats convened in Baltimore in June 1852, four major candidates vied for the nomination: Lewis Cass of Michigan, the nominee in 1848, who had the backing of northerners in support of the Compromise of 1850; James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, popular in the South as well as in his home state; Stephen A.
Secretary of State from Massachusetts The 1852 Whig National Convention, held in Baltimore, Maryland, was bitterly divided.
Senator from New Hampshire The Free Soil Party was still the strongest third party in 1852.
As the 1852 presidential election approached, Union party leaders decided to wait and see who was nominated by the two major parties.
While Webster was against what he perceived as a "revolt" from the Whig Party and preferred not to be nominated, he let Americans vote for him should the party choose to nominate him. The Union Party held its Georgia state convention on August 9, 1852, and nominated Webster for president and Charles J.
However, Webster died nine days before the election of a cerebral hemorrhage on October 24, 1852. === Native American (Know-Nothing) Party nomination === Around the mid-1830s, nativists were present in New York politics, under the aegis of the American Republican Party.
In 1852, the original candidate planned by the Native American Party was Daniel Webster, the nominee of the Union party as well as Secretary of State.
senator from Georgia The Southern Rights Party was an offshoot of the Democratic party in several Southern states which advocated secession from the Union, electing a number of Congressmen and holding referendums on secession in a number of southern states, none of which were successful. It was unclear in early 1852 if the Party would contest the presidential election.
A second convention was held in Syracuse, New York, in early September 1852, but it too failed to draw enough delegates to select a nominee.
A shift of 69,000 votes to Scott in Delaware, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Ohio and Pennsylvania would have left the electoral college in a 148–148 tie, forcing a contingent election in the House of Representatives. As a result of the devastating defeat and the growing tensions within the party between pro-slavery Southerners and anti-slavery Northerners, the Whig Party quickly fell apart after the 1852 election and ceased to exist.
"The Election of 1852 in Indiana." Indiana Magazine of History (1915): 301–323.
"The Election of 1852." American Presidential Campaigns and Elections (Routledge, 2020) pp. 349–366. Morrill, James R.
"The Presidential Election of 1852: Death Knell of the Whig Party of North Carolina." North Carolina Historical Review 44.4 (1967): 342-359 online. Nevins, Allan.
Ordeal of the Union: A house dividing, 1852-1857.
During the ensuing campaign, King's tuberculosis, which he believed he had contracted while in Paris, France, denied him the active behind-the-scenes role that he might otherwise have played, although he worked hard to assure his region's voters that New Hampshire's Pierce was a "northern man with southern principles." King died shortly after his inauguration on April 4, 1853. === Whig Party nomination === Winfield Scott, Commanding General of the U.S.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
Some Southern Whigs would join the Democratic Party, and many Northern Whigs would help to form the new Republican Party in 1854. Some Whigs in both sections would support the so-called "Know-Nothing" party in the 1856 presidential election.
1852 would be the last time the Whig Party would nominate its own candidate for president, albeit it would endorse Fillmore's run as a Know Nothing candidate in 1856.
In the future, former president Millard Fillmore would be their candidate in 1856. === Southern Rights Party nomination === George Troup, former U.S.
Some Southern Whigs would join the Democratic Party, and many Northern Whigs would help to form the new Republican Party in 1854. Some Whigs in both sections would support the so-called "Know-Nothing" party in the 1856 presidential election.
Their opponents nicknamed them the "Know Nothings" and the party liked the name and it became the nickname of the party after that until it collapsed in 1860.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
Overwhelming defeat and disagreement about slavery soon drove the Whig Party to disintegrate. Not until 1876 would Democrats again win a popular majority vote for president and not until 1932 would they win both a popular majority vote and the Presidency with Democratic nominee Franklin D.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
It was, however, the last election in which the Democrats' chief opponent won Kentucky until 1896, and indeed the last until 1928 in which the Democrats' opponent obtained an absolute majority in the Bluegrass State. Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): The leading candidates for vice president were both born in North Carolina and in fact both attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, albeit two decades apart.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
It was, however, the last election in which the Democrats' chief opponent won Kentucky until 1896, and indeed the last until 1928 in which the Democrats' opponent obtained an absolute majority in the Bluegrass State. Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): The leading candidates for vice president were both born in North Carolina and in fact both attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, albeit two decades apart.
Overwhelming defeat and disagreement about slavery soon drove the Whig Party to disintegrate. Not until 1876 would Democrats again win a popular majority vote for president and not until 1932 would they win both a popular majority vote and the Presidency with Democratic nominee Franklin D.
It would elect a number of Congressmen in 1853, but they would rejoin the Democratic Party upon taking their seats in Congress. This was the last election in which the Democrats won Michigan until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Iowa, Maine, New Hampshire, Ohio or Rhode Island until 1912, the last in which the Democrats won Wisconsin until 1892, the last in which the Democrats won Connecticut until 1876 and the last in which the Democrats won New York until 1868.
The Free Soilers: Third-Party Politics, 1848-54 (U of Illinois Press, 1973). Gara, Larry.
The Presidency of Franklin Pierce (UP of Kansas, 1991). Holt, Michael F.
(Oxford University Press, 1999). Morrison, Michael A.
"The Election of 1852." American Presidential Campaigns and Elections (Routledge, 2020) pp. 349–366. Morrill, James R.
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