Between 1789 and 1860, Southerners had been president for two-thirds of the era, and had held the offices of Speaker of the House and President pro tem of the Senate during much of that time.
He had also been abandoned by his longtime friend and political ally Horace Greeley, publisher of the influential New-York Tribune. Chase, a former Democrat, had alienated many of the former Whigs by his coalition with the Democrats in the late 1840s.
Several of the delegates were women. Gerrit Smith, a prominent abolitionist and the 1848 presidential nominee of the original Liberty Party, had sent a letter in which he stated that his health had been so poor that he had not been able to be away from home since 1858.
Ordeal of the Union (10 volumes, Macmillan, 1979–2018), detailed scholarly coverage of every election, 1848 to 1864. Nichols, Roy Franklin.
Lincoln's election thus served as the main catalyst of the American Civil War. The United States had become increasingly sectionally divided during the 1850s, primarily over extending slavery into the Western territories.
From the election of 1856, the Republican Party had replaced the defunct Whig Party as the major opposition to the Democrats.
There was no mention of Mormonism (which had been condemned in the Party's 1856 platform), the Fugitive Slave Act, personal liberty laws, or the Dred Scott decision.
In the 1856 election, the Republican candidate for president had received no votes at all in twelve of the fourteen slave states with a popular vote (these being the same states as in the 1860 election, plus Missouri and Virginia). ==Results== The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860, and was noteworthy for the exaggerated sectionalism and voter enthusiasm in a country that was soon to dissolve into civil war.
highly detailed narrative covering 1856–60 ===Primary sources=== Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) pp 72–79 online Porter, Kirk H.
From the mid-1850s, the anti-slavery Republican Party became a major political force, driven by Northern voter opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the Supreme Court's 1857 decision in Dred Scott v.
He had been quietly eyeing a run since the Lincoln-Douglas debates in 1858, ensuring that the debates were widely published, and that a biography of himself was published.
Several of the delegates were women. Gerrit Smith, a prominent abolitionist and the 1848 presidential nominee of the original Liberty Party, had sent a letter in which he stated that his health had been so poor that he had not been able to be away from home since 1858.
Secessionists threw their support behind Breckinridge in an attempt either to force the anti-Republican candidates to coordinate their electoral votes or throw the election into the House of Representatives, where the selection of the president would be made by the representatives elected in 1858, before the Republican majorities in both House and Senate achieved in 1860 were seated in the new 37th Congress.
The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election, held on November 6, 1860.
A group of former Whigs and Know Nothings formed the Constitutional Union Party, which sought to avoid disunion by resolving divisions over slavery with some new compromise. The 1860 Republican National Convention in Chicago nominated Lincoln, a moderate former one-term Whig Representative from Illinois.
The 1860 Democratic National Convention adjourned in Charleston, South Carolina, without agreeing on a nominee, but a second convention in Baltimore, Maryland, nominated Illinois Senator Stephen A.
The 1860 Constitutional Union Convention nominated a ticket led by former Tennessee Senator John Bell. Lincoln's main opponent in the North was Douglas, who won the popular vote in two states, Missouri and New Jersey.
The election was the first of six consecutive Republican victories. ==Nominations== The 1860 presidential election conventions were unusually tumultuous, due in particular to a split in the Democratic Party that led to rival conventions. ===Republican Party nomination=== Republican candidates: Abraham Lincoln, former representative from Illinois William Seward, senator from New York Simon Cameron, senator from Pennsylvania Salmon P.
Dayton, former senator from New Jersey ====Republican Party candidates gallery==== The Republican National Convention met in mid-May 1860, after the Democrats had been forced to adjourn their convention in Charleston.
He gained great notability with his February 1860 Cooper Union speech, which may have ensured him the nomination.
Edward Everett was nominated for vice-president at the convention on May 9, 1860, one week before Lincoln. John Bell was a former Whig who had opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act and the Lecompton Constitution.
A convention of one hundred delegates was held in Convention Hall, Syracuse, New York, on August 29, 1860.
On April 20, 1860, the party held what it termed a national convention to nominate Houston for president on the San Jacinto Battlefield in Texas.
Later mass meetings were held in northern cities, such as New York City on May 30, 1860, but they too failed to nominate a vice-presidential candidate.
Secessionists threw their support behind Breckinridge in an attempt either to force the anti-Republican candidates to coordinate their electoral votes or throw the election into the House of Representatives, where the selection of the president would be made by the representatives elected in 1858, before the Republican majorities in both House and Senate achieved in 1860 were seated in the new 37th Congress.
In the 1856 election, the Republican candidate for president had received no votes at all in twelve of the fourteen slave states with a popular vote (these being the same states as in the 1860 election, plus Missouri and Virginia). ==Results== The election was held on Tuesday, November 6, 1860, and was noteworthy for the exaggerated sectionalism and voter enthusiasm in a country that was soon to dissolve into civil war.
Douglas, in his "Norfolk Doctrine", reiterated in North Carolina, promised to keep the Union together by coercion if states proceeded to secede: the popular vote for Lincoln and Douglas combined was 69.17% of the turnout. The 1860 Republican ticket was the first successful national ticket that did not feature a Southerner, and the election marked the end of Southern political dominance in the United States.
Between 1789 and 1860, Southerners had been president for two-thirds of the era, and had held the offices of Speaker of the House and President pro tem of the Senate during much of that time.
(The noted secessionist William Lowndes Yancey, speaking at New York's Cooper Institute in October 1860, asserted that with abolitionists in power, "Emissaries will percolate between master [and] slave as water between the crevices of rocks underground.
The Election of 1860 Reconsidered (Kent State Univ Press, 2013); 288pp; essays by scholars; online Grinspan, Jon, "'Young Men for War': The Wide Awakes and Lincoln's 1860 Presidential Campaign," Journal of American History 96.2 (2009): online. Holt, Michael F.
The Election of 1860: "A Campaign Fraught with Consequences (2017) Johannsen, Robert W.
It was that group that prevented immediate secession in Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas when Lincoln took office on 4 March 1861.
Ordeal of the Union (10 volumes, Macmillan, 1979–2018), detailed scholarly coverage of every election, 1848 to 1864. Nichols, Roy Franklin.
It should be further noted that, prior to introduction of the secret ballot in the 1880s, the concept of ballot access did not exist in the sense it does today: there was no standardized state-issued ballot for a candidate to "appear" on.
Breckinridge was the last sitting vice president nominated for president until Richard Nixon in 1960. ===Constitutional Union Party nomination=== Constitutional Union candidates: John Bell, former senator from Tennessee Sam Houston, governor of Texas John J.
Ordeal of the Union (10 volumes, Macmillan, 1979–2018), detailed scholarly coverage of every election, 1848 to 1864. Nichols, Roy Franklin.
The Election of 1860 Reconsidered (Kent State Univ Press, 2013); 288pp; essays by scholars; online Grinspan, Jon, "'Young Men for War': The Wide Awakes and Lincoln's 1860 Presidential Campaign," Journal of American History 96.2 (2009): online. Holt, Michael F.
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