Arthur. 1884: International Meridian Conference in Washington D.C., held to determine the Prime Meridian of the world. 1884–1885: Berlin Conference, when the western powers divided Africa. The United States had five Presidents during the decade, the most since the 1840s.
By 1886, there was a reported number of 1,500 arc lights installed in Manhattan. 1880–1883: James Wimshurst of Poplar, London, England invents the Wimshurst Machine. 1881–1885: Stefan Drzewiecki of Podolia, Russian Empire finishes his submarine-building project (which had begun in 1879).
The 1880s (pronounced "eighteen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889. The period was characterized in general by economic growth and prosperity in many parts of the world, especially Europe and the Americas, with the emergence of modern cities signified by the foundation of many long-lived corporations, franchises, and brands and the introduction of the skyscraper.
Thomas Edison of Milan, Ohio, established Edison Illuminating Company on December 17, 1880.
The electric arc lights went into regular service on December 20, 1880.
(1889) ===Prominent political events=== 3 August 1881: The Pretoria Convention peace treaty is signed, officially ending the war between the Boers and Britain. 3 May 1882: The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed into law by President Chester A.
(1889) ===Prominent political events=== 3 August 1881: The Pretoria Convention peace treaty is signed, officially ending the war between the Boers and Britain. 3 May 1882: The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed into law by President Chester A.
Garfield assassination) 2 March 1882 – Roderick Maclean fails to assassinate Queen Victoria. 3 April 1882 – Bob Ford assassinates Jesse James, legendary outlaw. 6 May 1882 – Lord Frederick Cavendish, Chief Secretary for Ireland, assassinated in the Phoenix Park by the Invincibles. ==Science and technology== ===Technology=== 1880: Oliver Heaviside of Camden Town, London, England receives a patent for the coaxial cable.
It began with one direct current generator, and it started generating electricity on September 4, 1882, serving an initial load of 400 lamps at 85 customers.
Both were arguably among the earliest small domestic electrical appliances to appear. 1882–1883: John Hopkinson of Manchester, England patents the three-phase electric power system in 1882.
The inventors also popularized the word "transformer" to describe a device for altering the EMF of an electric current, although the term had already been in use by 1882. 1884–1885: John Philip Holland and Edmund Zalinski, having formed the "Nautilus Submarine Boat Company", start working on a new submarine.
The new Brooklyn Bridge of 1883 had seventy arc lamps installed in it.
However, due to funding disputes within the Irish Republican Brotherhood and disagreement over payments from the IRB to Holland, the IRB stole Fenian Ram and the Holland III prototype in November 1883. 1882: William Edward Ayrton of London, England and John Perry of Garvagh, County Londonderry, Ireland build an electric tricycle.
In 1883 Hopkinson showed mathematically that it was possible to connect two alternating current dynamos in parallel — a problem that had long bedeviled electrical engineers. 1883: Charles Fritts, an American inventor, creates the first working solar cell.
His 1883 model was created in Delameter Iron Works.
In 1884, using a glider designed and built in 1883, Montgomery made the "first heavier-than-air human-carrying aircraft to achieve controlled piloted flight" in the Western Hemisphere.
By 1884, Pearl Street Station was serving 508 customers with 10,164 lamps. 1880–1886: Charles F.
In 1884, using a glider designed and built in 1883, Montgomery made the "first heavier-than-air human-carrying aircraft to achieve controlled piloted flight" in the Western Hemisphere.
In 1884–1885, Montgomery tested a second monoplane glider with flat wings.
He then turned to theoretic research towards the development of a manuscript "Soaring Flight" in 1896. 1884–1885: On August 9, 1884, "La France", a French Army airship, makes its maiden flight.
On its seven flights in 1884 and 1885 the La France dirigible returned five times to its starting point.
Nipkow proposed and patented the first "near-practicable" electromechanical television system in 1884.
It was manufactured by Bolinders in Stockholm in 1884–1885.
In 1885, the submarines were transferred to the Imperial Russian Navy.
It was 30-feet long, "all-electric and had vertical and horizontal propellers clutched to the same shaft, with a 20-feet breathing pipe and an airlock for a diver." His 1885 model, called the "Peacemaker", was larger.
On its seven flights in 1884 and 1885 the La France dirigible returned five times to its starting point.
The submarine was ready for launching in September, 1885.
The 1885 version was difficult to control, leading to a collision with a wall during a public demonstration.
By 1886, there was a reported number of 1,500 arc lights installed in Manhattan. 1880–1883: James Wimshurst of Poplar, London, England invents the Wimshurst Machine. 1881–1885: Stefan Drzewiecki of Podolia, Russian Empire finishes his submarine-building project (which had begun in 1879).
After experimentation with a water tank and smoke chamber to understand the nature of flow over surfaces, in 1886, Montgomery designed a third glider with fully rotating wings as pitcherons.
Although the submarine was repaired and eventually carried out several trial runs in lower New York Harbor, by the end of 1886 the Nautilus Submarine Boat Company was no more, and the salvageable remnants of the Zalinski Boat were sold to reimburse the disappointed investors." Holland would not create another submarine to 1893. 1885: Galileo Ferraris of Livorno Piemonte, Kingdom of Italy reaches the concept of a rotating magnetic field.
The Motorwagen was patented on January 29, 1886, as DRP-37435: "automobile fueled by gas".
The first successful tests on public roads were carried out in the early summer of 1886.
This design was first used commercially in 1886.
Westinghouse applied for a patent for the new design in December 1886; it was granted in July 1887. 1885–1889: , a French inventor, builds two small electric submarines.
She was purchased by the Hellenic Navy and was delivered to Salamis Naval Base in 1886.
Nordenfelt then built the Nordenfelt II (Abdülhamid) in 1886 and Nordenfelt III (Abdülmecid) in 1887, a pair of 30 metre long submarines with twin torpedo tubes, for the Ottoman Navy.
Originally patented in the German Empire, Gassner also received patents from Austria-Hungary, Belgium, the French Third Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (all in 1886) and the United States (in 1887).
In 1887, Heaviside introduced the concept of loading coils.
By 1887, Drzewiecki was designing submarines for the French Third Republic. 1881–1883: John Philip Holland of Liscannor, County Clare, Ireland builds the Fenian Ram submarine for the Fenian Brotherhood.
The next year Benz created the Motorwagen Model 2 which had several modifications, and in 1887, the definitive Model 3 with wooden wheels was introduced, showing at the Paris Expo the same year.
Westinghouse applied for a patent for the new design in December 1886; it was granted in July 1887. 1885–1889: , a French inventor, builds two small electric submarines.
Nordenfelt then built the Nordenfelt II (Abdülhamid) in 1886 and Nordenfelt III (Abdülmecid) in 1887, a pair of 30 metre long submarines with twin torpedo tubes, for the Ottoman Navy.
Originally patented in the German Empire, Gassner also received patents from Austria-Hungary, Belgium, the French Third Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (all in 1886) and the United States (in 1887).
In 1887, Wilhelm Hellesen of Kalundborg, Denmark patented his own zinc-carbon battery.
By March 26, 1887, Boys was reporting his results to the Physical Society of London. 1887–1888: Augustus Desiré Waller of Paris recorded the human electrocardiogram with surface electrodes.
In May, 1887, Waller demonstrated his method to many physiologists.
Believing that the scientific and intellectual values of new developments far outstripped material values, Ferraris deliberately did not patent his invention; on the contrary, he demonstrated it freely in his own laboratory to all comers." He published his findings in 1888.
Benz began to sell the vehicle (advertising it as the Benz Patent Motorwagen) in the late summer of 1888, making it the first commercially available automobile in history. 1885–1887: William Stanley, Jr.
They went into production in 1888, being the first electrostatic voltmeters. 1887: Charles Vernon Boys of Wing, Rutland, England introduces a method of using fused quartz fibers to measure "delicate forces".
In 1888, Waller demonstrated that the contraction of the [started at the
The 1880s (pronounced "eighteen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889. The period was characterized in general by economic growth and prosperity in many parts of the world, especially Europe and the Americas, with the emergence of modern cities signified by the foundation of many long-lived corporations, franchises, and brands and the introduction of the skyscraper.
The improved Goubet II was introduced in 1889.
In the 1890s, Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin would both create the loading coils and receive a patent of them, failing to credit Heaviside's work. 1880–1882: Development and commercial production of electric lighting was underway.
Consumer dry cells would first appear in the 1890s.
His research culminated in an 1890 patent for a compression ignition engine.
Production started in 1891 by Richard Hornsby & Sons of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England under the title Hornsby Akroyd Patent Oil Engine under licence.
Although the submarine was repaired and eventually carried out several trial runs in lower New York Harbor, by the end of 1886 the Nautilus Submarine Boat Company was no more, and the salvageable remnants of the Zalinski Boat were sold to reimburse the disappointed investors." Holland would not create another submarine to 1893. 1885: Galileo Ferraris of Livorno Piemonte, Kingdom of Italy reaches the concept of a rotating magnetic field.
He then turned to theoretic research towards the development of a manuscript "Soaring Flight" in 1896. 1884–1885: On August 9, 1884, "La France", a French Army airship, makes its maiden flight.
Following the acceptance tests, she was never used again by the Hellenic Navy and was scrapped in 1901.
Although he never built a working model of the system, Nipkow's spinning disk design became a common television image rasterizer used up to 1939. 1884: Alexander Mozhaysky of Kotka, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire makes the second known "powered, assisted take off of a heavier-than-air craft carrying an operator".
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