Schlesinger, Jr., and Fred L Israel, eds., History of American Presidential Elections: 1789-1968 (1971) 3: 2135–2427.
With little chance of victory, Taft conducted a subdued campaign based on his platform of "progressive conservatism." Debs claimed the three candidates were financed by trusts and tried to galvanize support behind his socialist policies. Wilson took advantage of the Republican split, winning 40 states and a large majority of the electoral vote with just 41.8% of the popular vote, the lowest support for any President after 1860.
Butler was eventually designated to receive electoral votes that would have been cast for Sherman. == Results == On November 5, Wilson captured the presidency handily by carrying a record 40 states. As of , this is the only presidential election since 1860 in which either 4 candidates received more than 5% of the popular vote or a third-party candidate outperformed a Republican or Democrat in the general election.
Wilson won the presidency with a lower percentage of the popular vote than any candidate since Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
Wilson was the first Democrat to win a presidential election since 1892 and one of just two Democratic presidents to serve between 1861 (the American Civil War) and 1932 (the onset of the Great Depression).
These states had voted solidly Democratic in every presidential election since 1880, and Roosevelt objected that they were given one-quarter of the delegates when they would contribute nothing to a Republican victory. ==== Convention ==== The Republican Convention convened in Chicago from June 18 to 22.
Meanwhile, Taft decided not to campaign before the election beyond his acceptance speech on August 1. Not since the 1884 election had there been a major schism in the Republican Party, when the Mugwump faction repudiated nominee James G.
Wilson was the first Democrat to win a presidential election since 1892 and one of just two Democratic presidents to serve between 1861 (the American Civil War) and 1932 (the onset of the Great Depression).
In the 1910 midterm elections, the Republicans lost 57 seats in the House of Representatives as the Democrats gained a majority for the first time since 1894.
Debs had run for president in 1900, 1904, and 1908, primarily to encourage the local effort, and he did so again in 1912 with little challenge to his nomination. The party was divided into two main factions.
As of , this is the most recent presidential election in which the second-place candidate was neither a Democrat nor a Republican. Roosevelt served as president from 1901 to 1909 as a Republican, and Taft succeeded him with his support.
Debs had run for president in 1900, 1904, and 1908, primarily to encourage the local effort, and he did so again in 1912 with little challenge to his nomination. The party was divided into two main factions.
With Wilson's decisive victory, he became the first presidential candidate to receive over 400 electoral votes in a presidential election. == Background == Republican President Theodore Roosevelt had declined to run for re-election in 1908 in fulfillment of a pledge to the American people not to seek a third term.
Roosevelt had tapped Secretary of War William Howard Taft to become his successor, and Taft defeated William Jennings Bryan in the 1908 general election. === Republican Party split === During Taft's administration, a rift developed between Roosevelt and Taft, and they became the leaders of the Republican Party's two wings: progressives led by Roosevelt and conservatives led by Taft.
Debs had run for president in 1900, 1904, and 1908, primarily to encourage the local effort, and he did so again in 1912 with little challenge to his nomination. The party was divided into two main factions.
As of , this is the most recent presidential election in which the second-place candidate was neither a Democrat nor a Republican. Roosevelt served as president from 1901 to 1909 as a Republican, and Taft succeeded him with his support.
Conservatives supported high tariffs to encourage domestic production, but favored business leaders over labor unions and were generally opposed to the popular election of judges. Cracks in the party began to show when Taft supported the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1909.
Taft also fired popular conservationist Gifford Pinchot as head of the Bureau of Forestry in 1910.
By 1910, the split within the party was deep, and Roosevelt and Taft turned against one another despite their personal friendship.
In the 1910 midterm elections, the Republicans lost 57 seats in the House of Representatives as the Democrats gained a majority for the first time since 1894.
With few exceptions, the party had weak or nonexistent links to local labor unions. Many of these issues had been debated at the First National Congress of the Socialist Party in 1910 and again at the 1912 national convention in Indianapolis.
Nevertheless, Roosevelt continued to reject calls to run for president into the year 1911.
The 1912 United States presidential election was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1912.
However, Taft's actions as president displeased Roosevelt, and Roosevelt challenged Taft for the party nomination at the 1912 Republican National Convention.
After months of continually increasing support, Roosevelt changed his position, writing to journalist Henry Beach Needham in January 1912 that if the nomination "comes to me as a genuine public movement of course I will accept." == Nominations == === Republican Party nomination === ==== Other major candidates ==== ==== Delegate selection ==== For the first time, many convention delegates were elected in presidential preference primaries.
By 1912, the party claimed more than a thousand locally elected officials in 33 states and 160 cities, especially the Midwest.
Debs had run for president in 1900, 1904, and 1908, primarily to encourage the local effort, and he did so again in 1912 with little challenge to his nomination. The party was divided into two main factions.
With few exceptions, the party had weak or nonexistent links to local labor unions. Many of these issues had been debated at the First National Congress of the Socialist Party in 1910 and again at the 1912 national convention in Indianapolis.
Slayton !!24 |} == General election == The 1912 presidential campaign was bitterly contested. Roosevelt conducted a vigorous national campaign for the Progressive Party, denouncing the way the Republican nomination had been "stolen".
In only two regions, New England and the Pacific, was Wilson's vote greater than the greatest Bryan vote. === Results by state === The 1912 election was the first to include all 48 of the current contiguous United States. Few states were carried by any candidate with a majority of the popular vote.
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Debs Presidency of Woodrow Wilson Presidency of William Howard Taft November 1912 events
Wilson was the first Democrat to win a presidential election since 1892 and one of just two Democratic presidents to serve between 1861 (the American Civil War) and 1932 (the onset of the Great Depression).
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Painter, Carl, "The Progressive Party In Indiana," Indiana Magazine of History, 16#3 (1920), pp. 173–283.
His 8 electoral votes remain the fewest by a Republican or Democrat, matched by Alf Landon's 1936 campaign. === Electoral results === Source (Popular Vote): Source (Electoral Vote): === Statistical analysis === Wilson's raw vote total was less than William Jennings Bryan totaled in any of his three campaigns.
(New York University Press, 1958). Sarasohn, David.
(Harper and Row, 1962) online. O'Mara, Margaret.
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Painter, Carl, "The Progressive Party In Indiana," Indiana Magazine of History, 16#3 (1920), pp. 173–283.
(Kennikat Press, 1978). Gould, Lewis L.
Progressivism at risk: Electing a president in 1912 (Praeger, 1989). * Cowan, Geoffrey.
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Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Painter, Carl, "The Progressive Party In Indiana," Indiana Magazine of History, 16#3 (1920), pp. 173–283.
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"Wilson's Election Campaign of 1912 and the Press." in Woodrow Wilson and the Press: Prelude to the Presidency (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004) pp. 197–228. Warner, Robert M.
Four hats in the ring: The 1912 election and the birth of modern American politics (UP of Kansas, 2008). Hahn, Harlan.
(UP of Kansas, 2008). Porter, Kirk H.
Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2009. online Mowry, George E.
"The Election of 1912 and the Origins of Constitutional Conservatism." in Toward an American Conservatism (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013).
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