The two-term tradition, although not yet enshrined in the Constitution, had been established by George Washington when he refused to run for a third term in 1796; other former presidents, such as Ulysses S.
Andrew Jackson in 1832 and Grover Cleveland in 1892 received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes, while Woodrow Wilson in 1916 received more popular votes but fewer electoral votes. Willkie and McNary both died in 1944 (October 8, and February 25, respectively); the first, and to date only time both members of a major-party presidential ticket died during the term for which they sought election.
National party platforms, 1840-1964 (1965) online 1840-1956 ==External links== 1940 popular vote by counties How close was the 1940 election? – Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Election of 1940 in Counting the Votes Presidency of Franklin D.
Grant in 1880 and Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 had made serious attempts to run for a third term, but the former failed to be nominated, while the latter, forced to run on a third-party ticket, lost to Woodrow Wilson due to the split in the Republican vote.
Andrew Jackson in 1832 and Grover Cleveland in 1892 received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes, while Woodrow Wilson in 1916 received more popular votes but fewer electoral votes. Willkie and McNary both died in 1944 (October 8, and February 25, respectively); the first, and to date only time both members of a major-party presidential ticket died during the term for which they sought election.
Grant in 1880 and Theodore Roosevelt in 1912 had made serious attempts to run for a third term, but the former failed to be nominated, while the latter, forced to run on a third-party ticket, lost to Woodrow Wilson due to the split in the Republican vote.
Andrew Jackson in 1832 and Grover Cleveland in 1892 received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes, while Woodrow Wilson in 1916 received more popular votes but fewer electoral votes. Willkie and McNary both died in 1944 (October 8, and February 25, respectively); the first, and to date only time both members of a major-party presidential ticket died during the term for which they sought election.
The making of the New Deal Democrats: Voting behavior and realignment in Boston, 1920-1940 (U of Chicago Press, 1989). Gleason, S.
Hoover still bore the stigma of having presided over the Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the subsequent Great Depression.
Willkie was damaged by his association with big business, as many working class voters blamed corporations and business leaders for a large part of the onset of the Great Depression. Roosevelt led in all pre-election polls and won a comfortable victory; his margins, though still significant, were less decisive than they had been in 1932 and 1936.
Willkie, a native of Indiana and a former Democrat who had supported Franklin Roosevelt in the 1932 United States presidential election, was considered an improbable choice.
They Voted for Roosevelt: The Presidential Vote 1932-1944 (1947).
In 1933, President Roosevelt had created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), which promised to provide flood control and cheap electricity to the impoverished people of the Tennessee Valley.
Isolationism in America, 1935–1941 (1966). Katz, Daniel.
Should America Go to War? The Debate over Foreign Policy in Chicago, 1939–1941 (1989) === Primary sources === Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds.; Public Opinion, 1935–1946 (1951), massive compilation of many public opinion polls from USA Gallup, George H.
The Gallup Poll, Volume One 1935–1948 (1972) statistical reports on each poll Chester, Edward W A guide to political platforms (1977) online Porter, Kirk H.
Willkie was damaged by his association with big business, as many working class voters blamed corporations and business leaders for a large part of the onset of the Great Depression. Roosevelt led in all pre-election polls and won a comfortable victory; his margins, though still significant, were less decisive than they had been in 1932 and 1936.
Willkie did get over six million more votes than the Republican nominee in 1936, Alf Landon, and he ran strong in rural areas in the American Midwest, taking over 57% of the farm vote.
"The 1936-1944 Campaigns," in William D.
The struggle to organize the steel industry, and after 1938, business attempts to erode Walsh-Healy and the Fair Labor Standards Act provided the backdrop for the feud.
Storm on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939–1941 (2000). Doenecke, Justus D.
The Battle Against Intervention, 1939–1941 (1997), includes short narrative and primary documents. Dunn, Susan.
Should America Go to War? The Debate over Foreign Policy in Chicago, 1939–1941 (1989) === Primary sources === Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds.; Public Opinion, 1935–1946 (1951), massive compilation of many public opinion polls from USA Gallup, George H.
The 1940 United States presidential election was the 39th quadrennial presidential election.
It was held on Tuesday, November 5, 1940.
The 1940 Democratic National Convention re-nominated Roosevelt on the first ballot, while Garner was replaced on the ticket by Secretary of Agriculture Henry A.
Dewey on the sixth presidential ballot of the 1940 Republican National Convention. Roosevelt, acutely aware of strong isolationist and non-interventionism sentiment, promised there would be no involvement in foreign wars if he were re-elected.
This later inspired the Twenty-second Amendment, limiting the number of terms a person may be president. ==Nominations== ===Democratic Party === Throughout the winter, spring, and summer of 1940, there was much speculation as to whether Roosevelt would break with longstanding tradition and run for an unprecedented third term.
However, as Nazi Germany swept through Western Europe and menaced the United Kingdom in the summer of 1940, Roosevelt decided that only he had the necessary experience and skills to see the nation safely through the Nazi threat.
He was aided by the party's political bosses, who feared that no Democrat except Roosevelt could defeat the popular Willkie. At the July 1940 Democratic Convention in Chicago, Roosevelt easily swept aside challenges from Farley and John Nance Garner, his vice-president.
Senatorfrom Michigan |- | | Wendell WillkieBusinessmanfrom New York |} |} In the months leading up to the opening of the 1940 Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Republican Party was deeply divided between the party's isolationists, who wanted to stay out of World War II at all costs, and the party's interventionists, who felt that the United Kingdom needed to be given all aid short of war to prevent Nazi Germany from conquering all of Europe.
Dewey had won most of the presidential primaries in the spring of 1940, and he came into the Republican Convention in June with the largest number of delegate votes, although he was still well below the number needed to win.
Taft's outspoken isolationism and opposition to any American involvement in the European war convinced many Republican leaders that he could not win a general election, particularly as France fell to the Nazis in May 1940 and Germany threatened the United Kingdom.
Dewey's relative youth—he was only 38 in 1940—and lack of any foreign-policy experience caused his candidacy to weaken as the Wehrmacht emerged as a fearsome threat.
In 1940, Vandenberg was also an isolationist (he would change his foreign-policy stance during World War II) and his lackadaisical, lethargic campaign never caught the voters' attention.
Even so, Willkie remained a long-shot candidate; the May 8 Gallup Poll showed Dewey at 67% support among Republicans, followed by Vandenberg and Taft, with Willkie at only 3%. The German Army's rapid Blitzkrieg campaign into France in May 1940 shook American public opinion, even as Taft was telling a Kansas audience that America needed to concentrate on domestic issues to prevent Roosevelt from using the war crisis to extend socialism at home.
At the 1940 Republican National Convention itself, keynote speaker Harold Stassen, the Governor of Minnesota, announced his support for Willkie and became his official floor manager.
On Election Day—November 5, 1940, he received 27.3 million votes to Willkie's 22.3 million, and in the Electoral College, he defeated Willkie by a margin of 449 to 82.
Roosevelt The Plot Against America, a 2004 alternative history by Philip Roth, premised on the 1940 defeat of Roosevelt by Charles Lindbergh Bring the Jubilee, a 1953 alternative history novel by Ward Moore, set in a universe where the Confederacy won the American Civil War, where the election is contested by Whig candidate Thomas E.
America First: The Battle against Intervention, 1940–41 (1953) Cole, Wayne S.
presidential elections, 1940-1948 (1974) online free to borrow pp 3–90 on 1940, Doenecke, Justus D.
The Undeclared War, 1940–1941 1953 Policy toward war in Europe; pro FDR Grant, Philip A., Jr.
"The Presidential Election of 1940 in Missouri." Missouri Historical Review 1988 83(1) pp 1–16.
Abstract: Missouri serves as a good barometer of nationwide political sentiment; The two major political parties considered Missouri a key state in the 1940 presidential election.
A Third Term for FDR: The Election of 1940 (University Press of Kansas, 2017).
"The cities reelect Roosevelt: Ethnicity, religion, and class in 1940." Ethnicity.
"The public opinion polls and the 1940 election." Public Opinion Quarterly 5.1 (1941) 52–78. Luconi, Stefano.
Roosevelt's Second Act: The Election of 1940 and the Politics of War (Oxford UP, 2013). Neal, Steve.
"Campaign finance in the Presidential Election of 1940." American Political Science Review 35.4 (1941): 701–727.
Five Days in Philadelphia: 1940, Wendell Willkie, FDR and the Political Convention That Won World War II (2006). Robinson, Edgar Eugene.
Lewis and the Election of 1940." Labor History 1976 17(2) 160–189.
Roosevelt in 1940 stemmed from domestic and foreign policy concerns.
National party platforms, 1840-1964 (1965) online 1840-1956 ==External links== 1940 popular vote by counties How close was the 1940 election? – Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Election of 1940 in Counting the Votes Presidency of Franklin D.
Roosevelt November 1940 events
Andrew Jackson in 1832 and Grover Cleveland in 1892 received more electoral votes but fewer popular votes, while Woodrow Wilson in 1916 received more popular votes but fewer electoral votes. Willkie and McNary both died in 1944 (October 8, and February 25, respectively); the first, and to date only time both members of a major-party presidential ticket died during the term for which they sought election.
Roosevelt The Plot Against America, a 2004 alternative history by Philip Roth, premised on the 1940 defeat of Roosevelt by Charles Lindbergh Bring the Jubilee, a 1953 alternative history novel by Ward Moore, set in a universe where the Confederacy won the American Civil War, where the election is contested by Whig candidate Thomas E.
The Undeclared War, 1940–1941 1953 Policy toward war in Europe; pro FDR Grant, Philip A., Jr.
Lewis and the Election of 1940." Labor History 1976 17(2) 160–189.
"The Presidential Election of 1940 in Missouri." Missouri Historical Review 1988 83(1) pp 1–16.
The making of the New Deal Democrats: Voting behavior and realignment in Boston, 1920-1940 (U of Chicago Press, 1989). Gleason, S.
Roosevelt The Plot Against America, a 2004 alternative history by Philip Roth, premised on the 1940 defeat of Roosevelt by Charles Lindbergh Bring the Jubilee, a 1953 alternative history novel by Ward Moore, set in a universe where the Confederacy won the American Civil War, where the election is contested by Whig candidate Thomas E.
The Roots of Modern Conservatism: Dewey, Taft, and the Battle for the Soul of the Republican Party (U of North Carolina Press, 2011). Burns, James MacGregor.
1940: FDR, Willkie, Lindbergh, Hitler-the Election Amid the Storm (Yale UP, 2013). Evjen, Henry O.
Roosevelt's Second Act: The Election of 1940 and the Politics of War (Oxford UP, 2013). Neal, Steve.
A Third Term for FDR: The Election of 1940 (University Press of Kansas, 2017).
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