Norms of all kinds were broken down, especially in regards to civil rights and precepts of military duty. By the end of the 1950s, war-ravaged Europe had largely finished reconstruction and began a tremendous economic boom.
Unlike other European nations, the Portuguese regime did not leave its African colonies, or the overseas provinces, during the 1950s and 1960s.
It began in the United States as a reaction against the conservatism and social conformity of the 1950s, and the U.S.
Kennedy rect 196 169 317 296 Martin Luther King Jr. rect 321 169 497 296 Woodstock rect 2 300 117 392 rect 2 393 117 486 Cultural Revolution rect 122 300 237 486 Stonewall riotsF rect 241 300 497 486 Apollo 11 The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties", shortened to "the '60s" or "the Sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1960, and ended on December 31, 1969. The "cultural decade" of the 1960s is more loosely defined than the actual decade.
There was a major expansion of the middle class in western European countries and by the 1960s, many working-class people in Western Europe could afford a radio, television, refrigerator, and motor vehicle.
Thus, the overall worldwide economic trend in the 1960s was one of prosperity, expansion of the middle class, and the proliferation of new domestic technology. The confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union dominated geopolitics during the '60s, with the struggle expanding into developing nations in Latin America, Africa, and Asia as the Soviet Union moved from being a regional to a truly global superpower and began vying for influence in the developing world.
In Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. ==Politics and wars== ===Wars=== The Cold War (1947–1991) * The Vietnam War (1955–1975) ** 1961 – Substantial (approximately 700) American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam. ** 1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U.S.
Unlike other European nations, the Portuguese regime did not leave its African colonies, or the overseas provinces, during the 1950s and 1960s.
During the 1960s, various armed independence movements, most prominently led by communist-led parties who cooperated under the CONCP umbrella and pro-U.S.
removing its missiles from Turkey. On 13 February 1960, France detonated its first atomic bomb.
China possessed a [bomb] by 1967. ===Decolonization and independence=== The transformation of Africa from colonialism to independence in what is known as the decolonisation of Africa dramatically accelerated during the decade, with 32 countries gaining independence between 1960 and 1968, marking the end of the European empires that once dominated the African continent.
The Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in August ended these hopes and also fatally damaged the chances of the orthodox communist parties drawing many recruits from the student protest movement. ====Asia==== =====China===== Relations with the United States remained hostile during the 1960s, although representatives from both countries held periodic meetings in Warsaw, Poland (since there was no U.S.
He was captured and executed in 1967 by the Bolivian army, and afterwards became an iconic figure for the left wing around the world. Juan Velasco Alvarado took power by a coup in Peru in 1968. ==Economics== The decade began with a recession from 1960 to 1961, at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%.
He survived a previous attempt on his life in 1960. 25 August 1967 – George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party.
Assassinated in Chicago by the Chicago Police Department. ==Disasters== Natural: The 1960 Valdivia earthquake, also known as the Great Chilean earthquake, is to date the most powerful earthquake ever recorded, rating 9.5 on the moment magnitude scale.
It peaked and made landfall with 175 mph (280 km/h) winds and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD) in damages. Non-natural: On 16 December 1960, a United Airlines DC-8 and a Trans World Airlines Lockheed Constellation collided over New York City and crashed, killing 134 people. On 15 February 1961, Sabena Flight 548 crashed on its way to Brussels, Belgium, killing all 72 passengers on board and 1 person on the ground.
music market; a half-a-million people participate in the Woodstock Festival; Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the Moon during the Cold War-era Space Race; the Stonewall Inn; China's Mao Zedong initiates the Great Leap Forward plan which fails and brings mass starvation in which 20 to 30 million people died by 1961, and in 1966, Mao starts the Cultural Revolution, which purged traditional Chinese traditions; John F.
In Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. ==Politics and wars== ===Wars=== The Cold War (1947–1991) * The Vietnam War (1955–1975) ** 1961 – Substantial (approximately 700) American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam. ** 1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U.S.
He was captured and executed in 1967 by the Bolivian army, and afterwards became an iconic figure for the left wing around the world. Juan Velasco Alvarado took power by a coup in Peru in 1968. ==Economics== The decade began with a recession from 1960 to 1961, at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%.
Assassinated by a Belgian and Congolese firing squad outside Lubumbashi. 20 February 1961 Alphonse Songolo, former Minister of Communications of the Democratic Republic of the Congo; Gilbert Pongo, intelligence officer and communications official.
Shot in Kisangani. 30 May 1961 – Rafael Trujillo Dictator of Dominican Republic for 31 years, by a number of plotters including a general in his army. 13 January 1963 – Sylvanus Olympio, the Prime Minister of Togo, is killed during the 1963 Togolese coup d'état.
It peaked and made landfall with 175 mph (280 km/h) winds and caused $1.42 billion (1969 USD) in damages. Non-natural: On 16 December 1960, a United Airlines DC-8 and a Trans World Airlines Lockheed Constellation collided over New York City and crashed, killing 134 people. On 15 February 1961, Sabena Flight 548 crashed on its way to Brussels, Belgium, killing all 72 passengers on board and 1 person on the ground.
Italy formed its first left-of-center government in March 1962 with a coalition of Christian Democrats, Social Democrats, and moderate Republicans.
In Africa the 1960s was a period of radical political change as 32 countries gained independence from their European colonial rulers. ==Politics and wars== ===Wars=== The Cold War (1947–1991) * The Vietnam War (1955–1975) ** 1961 – Substantial (approximately 700) American advisory forces first arrive in Vietnam. ** 1962 – By mid-1962, the number of U.S.
Among those killed were all 18 members of the US figure skating team, on their way to the World Championships. On 16 March 1962, Flying Tiger Line Flight 739, a Lockheed Super Constellation, inexplicably disappeared over the Western Pacific, leaving all 107 on board presumed dead.
Since the wreckage of the aircraft is lost to this day, the cause of the crash remains a mystery. On 3 June 1962, Air France Flight 007, a Boeing 707, crashed on takeoff from Paris.
Kennedy is assassinated in 1963, after serving as President for three years; Martin Luther King Jr.
It begins around 1963–1964 with the John F.
Kennedy's assassination in 1963 was a shock.
When Aldo Moro became Prime Minister in 1963, Socialists joined the ruling block too.
military advisers in South Vietnam had risen from 900 to 12,000. ** 1963 – By the time of U.S.
By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969. Although the first half of the decade had low inflation, by 1966 Kennedy's tax credit had reduced unemployment to 3.7% and inflation remained below 2%.
Shot in Kisangani. 30 May 1961 – Rafael Trujillo Dictator of Dominican Republic for 31 years, by a number of plotters including a general in his army. 13 January 1963 – Sylvanus Olympio, the Prime Minister of Togo, is killed during the 1963 Togolese coup d'état.
embassy in Lomé. 27 May 1963 – Grigoris Lambrakis, Greek left-wing MP by far-right extremists with connections to the police and the army in Thessaloniki. 12 June 1963 – Medgar Evers, an NAACP field secretary.
Assassinated by Byron De La Beckwith, a member of the Ku Klux Klan in Jackson, Mississippi. 2 November 1963 – Ngô Đình Diệm, President of South Vietnam, along with his brother and chief political adviser, Ngô Đình Nhu.
Assassinated by Dương Hiếu Nghĩa and Nguyễn Văn Nhung in the back of an armoured personnel carrier. 22 November 1963 – John F.
Assassinated allegedly by Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. 24 November 1963 – Lee Harvey Oswald, suspected assassin of President of the United States John F.
The main tsunami raced across the Pacific Ocean and devastated Hilo, Hawaii. 1963 Skopje earthquake was a 6.1 moment magnitude earthquake which occurred in Skopje, SR Macedonia (present-day Republic of Macedonia) on 26 July 1963 which killed over 1,070 people, injured between 3,000 and 4,000 and left more than 200,000 people homeless.
In Britain, the Labour Party gained power in 1964.
Kennedy's death there were 16,000 American military personnel in South Vietnam, up from Eisenhower's 900 advisors to cope with rising guerrilla activity in Vietnam. ** 1964 – In direct response to the minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident which occurred on 2 August 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, a joint resolution of the U.S.
Congress, was passed on 10 August 1964.
France possessed a [bomb] by 1968. On 16 October 1964, China detonated its first atomic bomb.
Not until Richard Nixon took office in 1969 was there another opportunity. Following Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's expulsion in 1964, Sino-Soviet relations devolved into open hostility.
Muammar al-Gadaffi took power. ====South America==== In 1964, a successful coup against the democratically elected government of Brazilian president João Goulart, initiated a military dictatorship that caused over 20 years of oppression. The Argentine revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara travelled to Africa and then Bolivia in his campaigning to spread worldwide revolution.
Assassinated by Jack Ruby on live television in the basement of the Dallas Police Department headquarters. 19 July 1964 – Jason Sendwe, President of North Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Executed by Simba rebels in Albertville. 11 December 1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter and civil rights activist, was shot at the age of 33 in the Hacienda Motel, in Los Angeles, California. 13 February 1965 – Humberto Delgado.
During the war, several atrocities were committed by all forces involved in the conflict. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began in September. Arab–Israeli conflict (early-20th century-present) * Six-Day War (June 1967) – a war between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
Executed by Simba rebels in Albertville. 11 December 1964 – Sam Cooke, American singer-songwriter and civil rights activist, was shot at the age of 33 in the Hacienda Motel, in Los Angeles, California. 13 February 1965 – Humberto Delgado.
Assassinated by Portuguese dictator Salazar's political police PIDE in Spain, near the Portuguese border. 21 February 1965 – Malcolm X.
130 people were killed in the crash while 2 survived. On 20 May 1965, PIA Flight 705 crashed on approach to Cairo, Egypt.
music market; a half-a-million people participate in the Woodstock Festival; Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the Moon during the Cold War-era Space Race; the Stonewall Inn; China's Mao Zedong initiates the Great Leap Forward plan which fails and brings mass starvation in which 20 to 30 million people died by 1961, and in 1966, Mao starts the Cultural Revolution, which purged traditional Chinese traditions; John F.
military involvement in the Vietnam War. ** 1966 – After 1966, with the draft in place more than 500,000 troops were sent to Vietnam by the Johnson administration and college attendance soars. * The Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961) – an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba with support from U.S.
After counter-insurgency operations by the police, military and paramilitary forces, the movement fragmented but is still active in many districts. The Troubles in Northern Ireland began with the rise of the Northern Ireland civil rights movement in the mid-1960s, the conflict continued into the later 1990s. The Compton's Cafeteria Riot occurred in August 1966 in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco.
By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969. Although the first half of the decade had low inflation, by 1966 Kennedy's tax credit had reduced unemployment to 3.7% and inflation remained below 2%.
There is a dispute about which members killed Malcolm X. 6 September 1966 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid was stabbed to death by Dimitri Tsafendas, a parliamentary messenger.
121 died while 6 survived. On 4 February 1966, All Nippon Airways Flight 60, a Boeing 727, plunged into Tokyo Bay for reasons unknown.
All 133 people on board died. On 5 March 1966, BOAC Flight 911 broke up in mid-air and crashed on the slopes of Mount Fuji.
All 124 aboard died. On 8 December 1966, the car ferry SS Heraklion sank in the Aegean Sea during a storm, killing 217 people. On 16 March 1969, a DC-9 operating Viasa Flight 742 crashed in the Venezuelan city of Maracaibo.
During the war, several atrocities were committed by all forces involved in the conflict. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began in September. Arab–Israeli conflict (early-20th century-present) * Six-Day War (June 1967) – a war between Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria.
Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 are now also widely regarded as part of the Revolution. The Naxalite movement in India began in 1967 with an armed uprising of tribals against local landlords in the village of Naxalbari, West Bengal, led by certain leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
China possessed a [bomb] by 1967. ===Decolonization and independence=== The transformation of Africa from colonialism to independence in what is known as the decolonisation of Africa dramatically accelerated during the decade, with 32 countries gaining independence between 1960 and 1968, marking the end of the European empires that once dominated the African continent.
He was captured and executed in 1967 by the Bolivian army, and afterwards became an iconic figure for the left wing around the world. Juan Velasco Alvarado took power by a coup in Peru in 1968. ==Economics== The decade began with a recession from 1960 to 1961, at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%.
He survived a previous attempt on his life in 1960. 25 August 1967 – George Lincoln Rockwell, leader of the American Nazi Party.
Assassinated by John Patler in Arlington, Virginia. 9 October 1967 – Che Guevara, assassinated by the CIA and Bolivian army. 4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader.
upon working with underpaid Tennessee garbage collectors and the anti-Vietnam War movement, and the police response towards protesters of the 1968 Democratic National Convention, defined politics of violence in the United States. In Western Europe and Japan, organizations such as those present at May 1968, the Red Army Faction, and the Zengakuren tested liberal democracy's ability to satisfy its marginalized or alienated citizenry amidst post-industrial age hybrid capitalist economies.
In France, the protests of 1968 led to President Charles de Gaulle temporarily fleeing the country.
For some, May 1968 meant the end of traditional collective action and the beginning of a new era to be dominated mainly by the so-called new social movements.
The most spectacular manifestation of this was the May student revolt of 1968 in Paris that linked up with a general strike of ten million workers called by the trade unions; and for a few days seemed capable of overthrowing the government of Charles de Gaulle.
France possessed a [bomb] by 1968. On 16 October 1964, China detonated its first atomic bomb.
China possessed a [bomb] by 1967. ===Decolonization and independence=== The transformation of Africa from colonialism to independence in what is known as the decolonisation of Africa dramatically accelerated during the decade, with 32 countries gaining independence between 1960 and 1968, marking the end of the European empires that once dominated the African continent.
Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin then became the new leaders of the Soviet Union. In Czechoslovakia, 1968 was the year of Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring, a source of inspiration to many Western leftists who admired Dubček's "socialism with a human face".
The Chinese were deeply disturbed by the Soviet suppression of the Prague Spring in 1968, as the latter now claimed the right to intervene in any country it saw as deviating from the correct path of socialism.
He was captured and executed in 1967 by the Bolivian army, and afterwards became an iconic figure for the left wing around the world. Juan Velasco Alvarado took power by a coup in Peru in 1968. ==Economics== The decade began with a recession from 1960 to 1961, at that time unemployment was considered high at around 7%.
Assassinated by John Patler in Arlington, Virginia. 9 October 1967 – Che Guevara, assassinated by the CIA and Bolivian army. 4 April 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr., civil rights leader.
Assassinated by James Earl Ray in Memphis, Tennessee. 5 June 1968 – Robert F.
Kennedy rect 196 169 317 296 Martin Luther King Jr. rect 321 169 497 296 Woodstock rect 2 300 117 392 rect 2 393 117 486 Cultural Revolution rect 122 300 237 486 Stonewall riotsF rect 241 300 497 486 Apollo 11 The 1960s (pronounced "nineteen-sixties", shortened to "the '60s" or "the Sixties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1960, and ended on December 31, 1969. The "cultural decade" of the 1960s is more loosely defined than the actual decade.
Kennedy assassination, the Beatles' arrival in the United States and their meeting with Bob Dylan, and ends around 1969–1970 with the Altamont Free Concert, the Beatles' breakup and the Kent State shootings, or with the withdrawal of troops from Vietnam and the resignation of U.S.
Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 are now also widely regarded as part of the Revolution. The Naxalite movement in India began in 1967 with an armed uprising of tribals against local landlords in the village of Naxalbari, West Bengal, led by certain leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
This incident was one of the first recorded transgender riots in United States history, preceding the more famous 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York City by three years. The Stonewall riots occurred in June 1969 in New York City.
Not until Richard Nixon took office in 1969 was there another opportunity. Following Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's expulsion in 1964, Sino-Soviet relations devolved into open hostility.
Finally, in March 1969, armed clashes took place along the Sino-Soviet border in Manchuria.
They ultimately won these cases. ====Africa==== On 1 September 1969, the Libyan monarchy was overthrown, and a radical, revolutionary, government headed by Col.
By the end of the decade, median family income had risen from $8,540 in 1963 to $10,770 by 1969. Although the first half of the decade had low inflation, by 1966 Kennedy's tax credit had reduced unemployment to 3.7% and inflation remained below 2%.
Assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan in Los Angeles, after taking California in the presidential national primaries. 4 December 1969 – Fred Hampton.
Fires had erupted on the river many times, including 22 June 1969, when a river fire captured the attention of Time magazine, which described the Cuyahoga as the river that "oozes rather than flows" and in which a person "does not drown but decays." This helped spur legislative action on water pollution control resulting in the Clean Water Act, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the creation of the federal Environmental Protection Agency. 1969 – Hurricane Camille hit the U.S.
All 124 aboard died. On 8 December 1966, the car ferry SS Heraklion sank in the Aegean Sea during a storm, killing 217 people. On 16 March 1969, a DC-9 operating Viasa Flight 742 crashed in the Venezuelan city of Maracaibo.
President Nixon in 1974. The term "the Sixties" is used by historians, journalists, and other academics in scholarship and popular culture to denote the complex of inter-related cultural and political trends around the globe during this era.
Although Mao himself officially declared the Cultural Revolution to have ended in 1969, the power struggles and political instability between 1969 and the arrest of the Gang of Four in 1976 are now also widely regarded as part of the Revolution. The Naxalite movement in India began in 1967 with an armed uprising of tribals against local landlords in the village of Naxalbari, West Bengal, led by certain leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).
After counter-insurgency operations by the police, military and paramilitary forces, the movement fragmented but is still active in many districts. The Troubles in Northern Ireland began with the rise of the Northern Ireland civil rights movement in the mid-1960s, the conflict continued into the later 1990s. The Compton's Cafeteria Riot occurred in August 1966 in the Tenderloin district of San Francisco.
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