This was also the first time since Texas' admission to the Union in 1845 that a Democrat won the White House without winning the state, and the second time a Democrat won the White House without North Carolina (the first was 1844), and the second time since Florida's admission (also in 1845) that a Democrat won without winning the state (John F.
This was also the first time since Texas' admission to the Union in 1845 that a Democrat won the White House without winning the state, and the second time a Democrat won the White House without North Carolina (the first was 1844), and the second time since Florida's admission (also in 1845) that a Democrat won without winning the state (John F.
Perot won 18.9% of the popular vote, the highest share of the vote won by a candidate outside of the two major parties since 1912.
His 43% share of the popular vote was the second-lowest for any winning candidate in the 20th century after Woodrow Wilson in 1912 (41.8%).
President Bush's 37.5% was the lowest percentage total for a sitting president seeking re-election since William Howard Taft, also in 1912 (23.2%).
1992 was, as the 1912 election was, a three-way race (that time between Taft, Wilson, and Theodore Roosevelt).
This was also the most recent time that a third-party candidate won a county. Perot's almost 19% of the popular vote made him the most successful third-party presidential candidate in terms of popular vote since Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 election.
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Ornstein, Norman J.
Bush had a lower percentage of the popular vote than even Herbert Hoover, who was defeated in 1932 (39.7%).
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Ornstein, Norman J.
It was also the lowest percentage for a major-party candidate since Alf Landon received 36.5% of the vote in 1936.
Former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen, who had run for President 9 times since 1944, also mounted his final campaign. President George H.
Bill Clinton narrowly defeated Bush in New Jersey (by two points), which had voted for the Republican nominee all but twice since 1948.
California, which had been a Republican stronghold since 1952, was now trending Democratic.
Kennedy in 1960 was the first). Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
Kennedy in 1960 was the first). Clinton was also the only Democrat at that point to win every electoral vote in the Northeast except for Lyndon Johnson in 1964.
Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, Colorado, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Vermont. The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in 1988, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594). === Analysis === Several factors made the results possible.
Vermont, carried by Clinton, had been heavily Republican for generations prior to the election, voting for a Democrat only once (in 1964).
This election marked the end of a period of Republican dominance that began in 1968.
It was the first time since 1968 that a candidate won the White House with under 50% of the popular vote.
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Ornstein, Norman J.
Former California Governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980 while he was still Governor, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional term limits, campaign finance reform, and the adoption of a flat income tax.
Former California Governor Jerry Brown, who had run for the Democratic nomination in 1976 and 1980 while he was still Governor, declared a significant reform agenda, including Congressional term limits, campaign finance reform, and the adoption of a flat income tax.
The billionaire used his own money to advertise extensively, and is the only third-party candidate ever allowed into the nationally televised presidential debates with both major party candidates (Independent John Anderson debated Republican Ronald Reagan in 1980, but without Democrat Jimmy Carter, who had refused to appear in a three-man debate).
president and the tenth incumbent president in the country's history to lose a bid for a second term until Donald Trump in 2020. Bush had alienated many of the conservatives in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, but he fended off a primary challenge from paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan.
Clinton flipped a total of 22 states that had previously voted Republican in the election of 1988. Along with Gerald Ford (1976), Jimmy Carter (1980), and Donald Trump (2020), Bush is one of four incumbent presidents since World War II to be defeated in the general election.
Also, Gore's similarities to Clinton allowed him to push some of his key campaign themes, such as centrism and generational change. === Republican Party nomination === Republican candidates: Paleoconservative journalist Pat Buchanan was the primary opponent of President Bush; Ron Paul, the Libertarian Party's presidential nominee in 1988, had planned to run against the President, but dropped out shortly after Buchanan's entry in December.
He compounded this damage by eventually claiming, without evidence, that his withdrawal was due to Republican operatives attempting to disrupt his daughter's wedding. Perot and retired Vice Admiral James Stockdale drew 19,743,821 votes (19% of the popular vote). === Minor parties and independents === ==== Libertarian Party nomination ==== Libertarian candidates: Andre Marrou, former Alaska State Representative and 1988 vice presidential nominee Richard B.
There, the Libertarian Party nominated Andre Marrou, former Alaska State Representative and the Party's 1988 vice-presidential candidate, for President.
Nancy Lord was his running mate. Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). ==== New Alliance Party nomination ==== New Alliance candidate: Lenora Fulani, Psychotherapist and political activist from New Jersey, and the 1988 Presidential nominee Lenora Fulani, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992.
Unlike in 1988, Fulani failed to gain ballot access in every state, deciding to concentrate some of that campaign funding towards exposure of her candidacy and the Party to the national public. Fulani also sought the endorsement of the Peace and Freedom Party of California, but despite winning a majority in that party's primary, she would lose the nomination to Ronald Daniels, the former Director the National Rainbow Coalition.
and Clinton's home state of Arkansas gave the majority of their votes to a single candidate in the entire country; the rest were won by pluralities of the vote. Even though Clinton roughly received 3.1 million more votes than Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis had four years earlier, the Democrats recorded a 2.6 percentage point decrease in their share of the popular vote compared to 1988 due to the higher turnout.
Also, this was the first time since 1964 that the following nine states had voted Democratic: California, Colorado, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Vermont. The 168 electoral votes received by Bush, added to the 426 electoral votes he received in 1988, gave him the most total electoral votes received by any candidate who was elected to the office of president only once (594). === Analysis === Several factors made the results possible.
Effective Democratic TV ads were aired showing a clip of Bush's 1988 acceptance speech in which he promised "Read my lips … No new taxes." Most importantly, Bush's coalition was in disarray, for both the aforementioned reasons and for unrelated reasons.
Clinton picked up several states that went Republican in 1988, and which have remained in the Democratic column ever since: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, most of Maine (besides the state's second congressional district, which broke the state's total straight Democratic voting record since, when it voted for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016), Maryland, New Jersey, and Vermont.
The 1992 United States presidential election was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 3, 1992.
Bush's popularity after his success in the Gulf War dissuaded high-profile Democratic candidates like Mario Cuomo from entering the 1992 Democratic primaries.
Perot led in several polls taken in June 1992 but severely damaged his candidacy by temporarily dropping out of the race in July.
Senator Al Gore (D-Tennessee) to be his running mate on July 9, 1992.
Buchanan's best showing was in the New Hampshire primary on February 18, 1992—where Bush won by a 53–38% margin.
Nancy Lord was his running mate. Marrou and Lord drew 291,627 votes (0.28% of the popular vote). ==== New Alliance Party nomination ==== New Alliance candidate: Lenora Fulani, Psychotherapist and political activist from New Jersey, and the 1988 Presidential nominee Lenora Fulani, who was the 1988 presidential nominee of the New Alliance Party, received a second consecutive nomination from the Party in 1992.
The Natural Law Party had been founded in 1992 by Hagelin and 12 others who felt that governmental problems could be solved more effectively by following "Natural Laws".
Ross Perot |62.4 |- |VP |Tuesday, October 13, 1992 |Georgia Institute of Technology |Atlanta, Georgia |n/a |Hal Bruno |Vice President Dan QuayleSenator Al GoreAdmiral James Stockdale |51.2 |- |P2 |Thursday, October 15, 1992 |University of Richmond |Richmond, Virginia |n/a |Carole Simpson |President George H.
Ross Perot |69.9 |- |P3 |Monday, October 19, 1992 |Michigan State University |East Lansing, Michigan |Gene GibbonsHelen ThomasSusan Rook |Jim Lehrer |President George H.
In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). This was also the last election where Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
"The 1992 Elections." Journal of Politics (1994): 1133-1144; reviews leading political science studies of the election Ceaser, James, and Andrew Busch.
Upside Down and Inside Out: The 1992 Elections and American Politics (1993). Crotty, William, ed.
America's Choice: The Election of 1992 (1993) Doherty, Kathryn M., and James G.
the Economy in the 1992 Election." Political Behavior 19.3 (1997): 177-196.
Mad As Hell: Revolt at the Ballot Box, 1992 (1993).
Quest for the Presidency 1992 (1994) 805pp. Herron, Michael C., et al.
"Measurement of political effects in the United States economy: A study of the 1992 presidential election." Economics & Politics 11.1 (1999): 51-81. Kellstedt, Lyman A., et al.
"Religious voting blocs in the 1992 election: The year of the evangelical?." Sociology of Religion 55.3 (1994): 307-326.
"Negativity in impressions of presidential candidates revisited: The 1992 election." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22.3 (1996): 288-295. Ladd, Everett Carll.
"The 1992 vote for President Clinton: Another brittle mandate?." Political Science Quarterly 108.1 (1993): 1-28.
"The significance of the 1992 election." PS: Political Science and Politics 26.1 (1993): 7-16.
The Elections of 1992 (1993) Nelson, Michael.
Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance (2020) excerpt O'Mara, Margaret.
Pivotal Tuesdays: Four Elections That Shaped the Twentieth Century (2015), compares 1912, 1932, 1968, 1992 in terms of social, economic, and political history Ornstein, Norman J.
"Foreign policy and the 1992 election." Foreign Affairs 71.3 (1992): 1-16.
The Election of 1992 (1993). Troy, Gil.
"Stumping in the bookstores: A literary history of the 1992 presidential campaign." Presidential Studies Quarterly (1995): 697-710.
"Voter learning in the 1992 presidential election: Did the “nontraditional” media and debates matter?." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 72.1 (1995): 7-17. ===Political commentary and campaign statements=== Barlett, Donald L.
Bush Bill Clinton Ross Perot November 1992 events in the United States
This would not last for very long, however, as the Republicans won control of both the House and Senate in 1994.
This was the last time a candidate won an election without winning the battleground state of Florida until 2020, as Clinton went on to carry Florida when he won reelection in 1996.
Reelected in 1996, Clinton would become the first Democratic President since Franklin D.
Clinton would later win the state in 1996 by eighteen points; like Vermont, Republicans have not won the state since.
In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). This was also the last election where Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
Clinton's Elections: 1992, 1996, and the Birth of a New Era of Governance (2020) excerpt O'Mara, Margaret.
A 1999 study in the American Journal of Political Science estimated that Perot's candidacy hurt the Clinton campaign, reducing "Clinton's margin of victory over Bush by seven percentage point." In 2016, FiveThirtyEight stated that it was "unlikely" that Perot was a spoiler. Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign.
He won 33.2% of the vote there and missed out on the district's 1 elector by only 4.5% of the vote. The election was the most recent in which Montana voted for the Democratic candidate, the last time the state of Florida backed the losing candidate and Georgia voted for the Democratic candidate until 2020, and the last time that Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). This was also the last election where Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
A 1999 study in the American Journal of Political Science estimated that Perot's candidacy hurt the Clinton campaign, reducing "Clinton's margin of victory over Bush by seven percentage point." In 2016, FiveThirtyEight stated that it was "unlikely" that Perot was a spoiler. Clinton, Bush, and Perot did not focus on abortion during the campaign.
It made the Democratic Party dominant in presidential elections in the Northeast, the Great Lakes region (until 2016) and the West Coast, where many states had previously either been swing states or Republican-leaning.
Clinton picked up several states that went Republican in 1988, and which have remained in the Democratic column ever since: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, most of Maine (besides the state's second congressional district, which broke the state's total straight Democratic voting record since, when it voted for Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump in 2016), Maryland, New Jersey, and Vermont.
president and the tenth incumbent president in the country's history to lose a bid for a second term until Donald Trump in 2020. Bush had alienated many of the conservatives in his party by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, but he fended off a primary challenge from paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan.
This was the last time a candidate won an election without winning the battleground state of Florida until 2020, as Clinton went on to carry Florida when he won reelection in 1996.
This was also the last time to date that the state of Montana voted Democratic in a presidential election, and the last time until 2020 that Georgia did so.
Bush was the last president voted out of office after one term until Donald Trump in 2020, as Clinton, George W.
He won 33.2% of the vote there and missed out on the district's 1 elector by only 4.5% of the vote. The election was the most recent in which Montana voted for the Democratic candidate, the last time the state of Florida backed the losing candidate and Georgia voted for the Democratic candidate until 2020, and the last time that Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
In subsequent presidential elections from 1996 to 2020, 28 out of the 50 states were carried by the same party as in 1992 (15 for the Democrats and 13 for the Republicans). This was also the last election where Colorado voted Democratic until 2008.
Although he failed to win any electoral votes, Perot found support in every state, and Clinton's home state of Arkansas was the lone state to give a majority of its vote to any candidate. As of 2021, this is the most recent election in which the Democratic nominee for president was once a governor. == Nominations == === Democratic Party nomination === Democratic candidates: ==== Overview ==== After the successful performance by U.S.
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