In 1871, Santiago Gonzales seized power by military coup.
General Carlos Ezeta did the same in 1890 and General Rafael Gutierrez in 1894.
General Carlos Ezeta did the same in 1890 and General Rafael Gutierrez in 1894.
For three days in 1932, the indigenous workers rebelled.
On 2 March 1944, a Palm Sunday, the landowners, intellectuals, students and also some sections of the Salvadoran armed forces rebelled.
However, in May 1944, non-violent protest leading to a general strike caused Martinez to fall from power. ===Rebellion of 1948=== During the years that followed, young military officers became increasingly dissatisfied with their situation.
The new government promoted the formation of a truly national, apolitical and professional army in El Salvador. ===American influence and the Cold War=== From 1947 to 1953, El Salvador held an agreement with the US whereby an American military aviation mission would be sent to El Salvador; El Salvador would seek advice from the US preferentially and purchase arms from the US.
However, in May 1944, non-violent protest leading to a general strike caused Martinez to fall from power. ===Rebellion of 1948=== During the years that followed, young military officers became increasingly dissatisfied with their situation.
In 1948, fighting broke out between the younger officers and troops under their command and the senior generals and the police force under their command.
Nevertheless, the amount of American military aid purchased by El Salvador in the 1950s was small; just enough in munitions and light arms to suppress internal conflict such as communist activity. In the 1950s, Salvadoran men underwent one year of national service before being discharged to a reserve army.
The new government promoted the formation of a truly national, apolitical and professional army in El Salvador. ===American influence and the Cold War=== From 1947 to 1953, El Salvador held an agreement with the US whereby an American military aviation mission would be sent to El Salvador; El Salvador would seek advice from the US preferentially and purchase arms from the US.
The number of reservists grew to approximately 40,000. In the 1960s, a junta of conservative military officers and landowners took power in a coup and then organised elections.
In 1961, the junta's candidate Lieutenant Colonel Julio Adalberto Rivera was elected president.
The president, Salvador Castaneda Castro (1888 1965) was imprisoned.
The ruling general, Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez (1882 1966), responded with force.
In 1967, Colonel Fidel Sanchez Hernandez became president. ===Football war=== In 1969, tensions between El Salvador and Honduras increased.
In 1967, Colonel Fidel Sanchez Hernandez became president. ===Football war=== In 1969, tensions between El Salvador and Honduras increased.
In June 1969, El Salvador played three games against Honduras in the qualifying rounds of the World Cup.
Then, on 26 June 1969, El Salvador won a play-off game 3 goals to 2 against Haiti, taking a place in the cup finals. On 14 July 1969, armed hostilities began between El Salvador and Honduras.
On July 18, 1969, the Organization of American States (OAS) organised a ceasefire.
The war lasted for four days and therefore is also called the "one hundred hour war". ===Civil War=== The Salvadoran Civil War was fought between 1979 and 1992.
The war began when a reformist government was suppressed by hard line military elements and by landowners. Between 1980 and 1983, the Salvadoran armed forces were driven out of territory controlled by large FMLN groups in rural areas.
The government responded with counter-insurgency actions including the assassination of the archbishop, Oscar Romero (1917 1980). In late 1981, soldiers of the national armed forces' Atlacatl Battalion, a rapid response troop, killed 900 civilians at El Mozote.
The government responded with counter-insurgency actions including the assassination of the archbishop, Oscar Romero (1917 1980). In late 1981, soldiers of the national armed forces' Atlacatl Battalion, a rapid response troop, killed 900 civilians at El Mozote.
The war began when a reformist government was suppressed by hard line military elements and by landowners. Between 1980 and 1983, the Salvadoran armed forces were driven out of territory controlled by large FMLN groups in rural areas.
Between 1983 and 1987, El Salvador's military forces received over 100 million dollars per year from the US. In 1990, at the end of the Cold War, the US restricted funding to the Salvadoran military.
The support units are a military education and doctrine command, a logistics support command, a military health command, a military special security brigade and a directorate general of recruitment and reserves. The duties of the Salvadoran Armed Force is described in articles 211 and 212 of the Constitution of 1983.
Between 1983 and 1987, El Salvador's military forces received over 100 million dollars per year from the US. In 1990, at the end of the Cold War, the US restricted funding to the Salvadoran military.
Another atrocity occurred on 16 November 1989.
Army soldiers murdered six Jesuit priests, their housekeeper and her daughter at the Central American University. In 1989, the armed forces of El Salvador had raised 56,000 fighting men with 63 aeroplanes and 72 helicopters.
Between 1983 and 1987, El Salvador's military forces received over 100 million dollars per year from the US. In 1990, at the end of the Cold War, the US restricted funding to the Salvadoran military.
The war lasted for four days and therefore is also called the "one hundred hour war". ===Civil War=== The Salvadoran Civil War was fought between 1979 and 1992.
This and the lack of advantage on either side led to the end of the war in 1992. Under the terms of the Chapultepec Peace Accords which had been signed on 16 January 1992 in Chapultepec, Mexico, the Salvadoran Armed Forces was to be subordinated and removed from the political arena.
In 1993, a General Amnesty Law was passed by the Salvadoran government.
===Post civil war=== From 2003 to January 2009, the Salvadoran armed forces were part of the Multi-National Force – Iraq.
===Post civil war=== From 2003 to January 2009, the Salvadoran armed forces were part of the Multi-National Force – Iraq.
The last of the Salvadoran forces withdrew from Iraq in 2009.
They were the last Central Americans allies to withdraw from the conflict. In 2016, a new armed force was raised in El Salvador with the remit of stopping criminal gangs (especially MS-13) and narcotrafficking. In 2017, the strength of the Salvadoran armed forces was estimated to be 47,000 men. ==Structure== The Salvadoran armed forces are a combat force composed of army, navy and air force each led by their Chief of the General Staff.
They were the last Central Americans allies to withdraw from the conflict. In 2016, a new armed force was raised in El Salvador with the remit of stopping criminal gangs (especially MS-13) and narcotrafficking. In 2017, the strength of the Salvadoran armed forces was estimated to be 47,000 men. ==Structure== The Salvadoran armed forces are a combat force composed of army, navy and air force each led by their Chief of the General Staff.
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