ASCII art was also used in early e-mail when images could not be embedded. ==History== ===Typewriter art=== Since 1867, typewriters have been used for creating visual art. ===TTY and RTTY=== TTY stands for "TeleTYpe" or "TeleTYpewriter", and is also known as Teleprinter or Teletype. RTTY stands for Radioteletype; character sets such as Baudot code, which predated ASCII, were used.
According to a chapter in the "RTTY Handbook", text images have been sent via teletypewriter as early as 1923.
What is known is that text images appeared frequently on radioteletype in the 1960s and the 1970s. ===Line-printer art=== In the 1960s, Andries van Dam published a representation of an electronic circuit produced on an IBM 1403 line printer.
ASCII art is a graphic design technique that uses computers for presentation and consists of pictures pieced together from the 95 printable (from a total of 128) characters defined by the ASCII Standard from 1963 and ASCII compliant character sets with proprietary extended characters (beyond the 128 characters of standard 7-bit ASCII).
Most examples of ASCII art require a fixed-width font (non-proportional fonts, as on a traditional typewriter) such as Courier for presentation. Among the oldest known examples of ASCII art are the creations by computer-art pioneer Kenneth Knowlton from around 1966, who was working for Bell Labs at the time.
"Studies in Perception I" by Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon from 1966 shows some examples of their early ASCII art. ASCII art was invented, in large part, because early printers often lacked graphics ability and thus characters were used in place of graphic marks.
What is known is that text images appeared frequently on radioteletype in the 1960s and the 1970s. ===Line-printer art=== In the 1960s, Andries van Dam published a representation of an electronic circuit produced on an IBM 1403 line printer.
During the 1970s, it was popular in US malls to get a t-shirt with a photograph printed in ASCII art on it from an automated kiosk manned by a computer, and London's Science Museum had a similar service to produce printed portraits.
These ASCIIs generally offer greater precision and attention to detail than fixed-width ASCIIs for a lower character count, although they are not as universally accessible since they are usually relatively font-specific. ==Animated ASCII art== Animated ASCII art started in 1970 from so-called VT100 animations produced on VT100 terminals.
the German composite ö would be imitated on ZX Spectrum by overwriting " after backspace and o. ===Overprinting (surprint)=== In the 1970s and early 1980s it was popular to produce a kind of text art that relied on overprinting.
This developed into sophisticated graphics in some cases, such as the PLATO system (circa 1973), where superscript and subscript allowed a wide variety of graphic effects.
Some strips have been translated to Polish and French. ===Styles of the computer underground text art scene=== ====Atari 400/800 ATASCII==== The Atari 400/800, which were released in 1979, did not follow the ASCII standard and had their own character set, called ATASCII.
As with the Atari's ATASCII art, C-64 fans developed a similar scene that used PETSCII for their creations. ===="Block ASCII" / "High ASCII" style ASCII art on the IBM PC==== So-called "block ASCII" or "high ASCII" uses the extended characters of the 8-bit code page 437, which is a proprietary standard introduced by IBM in 1979 (ANSI Standard x3.16) for the IBM PC DOS and MS-DOS operating systems.
the German composite ö would be imitated on ZX Spectrum by overwriting " after backspace and o. ===Overprinting (surprint)=== In the 1970s and early 1980s it was popular to produce a kind of text art that relied on overprinting.
ATASCII text animations are also referred to as "break animations" by the Atari sceners. ====C-64 PETSCII==== The Commodore 64, which was released in 1982, also did not follow the ASCII standard.
In place of images in a regular comic, ASCII art is used, with the text or dialog usually placed underneath. During the 1990s, graphical browsing and variable-width fonts became increasingly popular, leading to a decline in ASCII art.
"Block ASCIIs" were widely used on the PC during the 1990s until the Internet replaced BBSes as the main communication platform.
Some members left in 1990, and formed a group called "ANSI Creators in Demand" (ACiD).
It was dubbed "Newskool" upon its comeback and renewed popularity at the end of the 1990s. Newskool changed significantly as the result of the introduction of extended proprietary characters.
The "oldskool" art looks more like the outlined drawings of shapes than real pictures. This is an example of "Amiga style" (also referred to as "old school" or "oldskool" style) scene ASCII art. The Amiga ASCII scene surfaced in 1992, seven years after the introduction of the Commodore Amiga 1000.
Hundreds of different text smileys have developed over time, but only a few are generally accepted, used and understood. ===ASCII comic=== An ASCII comic is a form of webcomic. ====The Adventures of Nerd Boy==== The Adventures of Nerd Boy, or just Nerd Boy, was an ASCII comic, published by Joaquim Gândara between 5 August 2001 and 17 July 2007, and consisting of 600 strips.
Hundreds of different text smileys have developed over time, but only a few are generally accepted, used and understood. ===ASCII comic=== An ASCII comic is a form of webcomic. ====The Adventures of Nerd Boy==== The Adventures of Nerd Boy, or just Nerd Boy, was an ASCII comic, published by Joaquim Gândara between 5 August 2001 and 17 July 2007, and consisting of 600 strips.
Glitcher is one example of Unicode art, initiated in 2012: These symbols, intruding up and down, are made by combining lots of diacritical marks.
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