Direct Ottoman rule was reimposed by Ali Rıza Pasha in 1831.
From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha.
From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha.
From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha.
From 1851 to 1852 and from 1861 to 1867, Baghdad was governed, under the Ottoman Empire by Mehmed Namık Pasha.
Between 300 and 400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence. The city's population grew from an estimated 145,000 in 1900 to 580,000 in 1950.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia reports the 1907 population of Baghdad as 185,000. ===Modern era=== Baghdad and southern Iraq remained under Ottoman rule until 1917, when they were captured by the British during World War I.
The Nuttall Encyclopedia reports the 1907 population of Baghdad as 185,000. ===Modern era=== Baghdad and southern Iraq remained under Ottoman rule until 1917, when they were captured by the British during World War I.
In 1920, Baghdad became the capital of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia, with several architectural and planning projects commissioned to reinforce this administration.
With the recognition of Iraq as an independent state (formerly the British Mandate of Mesopotamia) in 1932, Baghdad gradually regained some of its former prominence as a significant center of Arabic culture, with a population variously estimated at 6 or over 7 million.
After receiving independence in 1932, the city became capital of the Kingdom of Iraq. During this period, the substantial Jewish community (probably exceeding 100,000 people) comprised between a quarter and a third of the city's population.
On 1 April 1941, members of the "Golden Square" and Rashid Ali staged a coup in Baghdad.
Between 300 and 400 non-Jewish rioters were killed in the attempt to quell the violence. The city's population grew from an estimated 145,000 in 1900 to 580,000 in 1950.
On 14 July 1958, members of the Iraqi Army, under Abd al-Karim Qasim, staged a coup to topple the Kingdom of Iraq.
Many of the victim's bodies were then dragged through the streets of Baghdad. During the 1970s, Baghdad experienced a period of prosperity and growth because of a sharp increase in the price of petroleum, Iraq's main export.
The masterplans of the city (1967, 1973) were delivered by the Polish planning office Miastoprojekt-Kraków, mediated by Polservice.
However, the Iran–Iraq War of the 1980s was a difficult time for the city, as money was diverted by Saddam Hussein to the army and thousands of residents were killed.
In 1991 and 2003, the Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq caused significant damage to Baghdad's transportation, power, and sanitary infrastructure as the US-led coalition forces launched massive aerial assaults in the city in the two wars.
Compared to its large population, it has a small area at just 673 square kilometers (260 sq mi). In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the Iraq War that lasted from 2003 until 2011, and the subsequent insurgency and later the renewed war that lasted from 2013 until 2017, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts.
In 1991 and 2003, the Gulf War and the 2003 invasion of Iraq caused significant damage to Baghdad's transportation, power, and sanitary infrastructure as the US-led coalition forces launched massive aerial assaults in the city in the two wars.
Also in 2003, a minor riot in the city (which took place on 21 July) caused some disturbance in the population.
The historic "Assyrian Quarter" of the city, Dora, which boasted a population of 150,000 Assyrians in 2003, made up over 3% of the capital's Assyrian population then.
The Iraq War took place from 2003 to 2011, but an Islamist insurgency lasted until 2013.
Priceless collection of artifacts in the National Museum of Iraq was looted by the Iraqi citizens during the 2003 US-led invasion.
A plan was proposed by a Government agency to rebuild a tourist island in 2008.
In addition, the go-ahead has been given to build numerous architecturally unique skyscrapers along the Tigris that would develop the city's financial center in Kadhehemiah. The Baghdad Eye ferris wheel, proposed in August 2008, was installed at the Al-Zawraa Park in March 2011.
In May 2010, a new large scale residential and commercial project called Baghdad Gate was announced. In August 2010, notable Iraqi-British architect Zaha Hadid, was appointed to design a new headquarters for the Central Bank in Baghdad.
Initial talks about the project were held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 14 August 2010, in the presence of the Central Bank Governor Sinan Al Shabibi.
Compared to its large population, it has a small area at just 673 square kilometers (260 sq mi). In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the Iraq War that lasted from 2003 until 2011, and the subsequent insurgency and later the renewed war that lasted from 2013 until 2017, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts.
The Iraq War took place from 2003 to 2011, but an Islamist insurgency lasted until 2013.
In addition, the go-ahead has been given to build numerous architecturally unique skyscrapers along the Tigris that would develop the city's financial center in Kadhehemiah. The Baghdad Eye ferris wheel, proposed in August 2008, was installed at the Al-Zawraa Park in March 2011.
On 2 February 2012, Zaha Hadid joined Sinan Al Shabibi at a ceremony in London to sign the agreement between the Central Bank of Iraq and Zaha Hadid Architects for the design stages of the new CBI Headquarters building.
Compared to its large population, it has a small area at just 673 square kilometers (260 sq mi). In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the Iraq War that lasted from 2003 until 2011, and the subsequent insurgency and later the renewed war that lasted from 2013 until 2017, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts.
The Iraq War took place from 2003 to 2011, but an Islamist insurgency lasted until 2013.
It was followed by another war from 2013 to 2017 and a low-level insurgency from 2017, which included suicide bombings in January 2018 and January 2021.
As of the end of 2014, only 1,500 Assyrians remained in Dora.
The construction was postponed in 2015 due to economical problems, but started again in 2019. ==Climate== Baghdad has a [desert climate] (Köppen BWh), featuring extremely hot, prolonged, dry summers and mild to cool, slightly wet, short winters.
Compared to its large population, it has a small area at just 673 square kilometers (260 sq mi). In contemporary times, the city has often faced severe infrastructural damage, most recently due to the Iraq War that lasted from 2003 until 2011, and the subsequent insurgency and later the renewed war that lasted from 2013 until 2017, resulting in a substantial loss of cultural heritage and historical artifacts.
Baghdad used to have one of the highest rates of terrorist attacks in the world, however terrorist attacks have been rare since the territorial defeat of ISIL in Iraq in late 2017. ==Name== The name Baghdad is pre-Islamic, and its origin is disputed.
It was followed by another war from 2013 to 2017 and a low-level insurgency from 2017, which included suicide bombings in January 2018 and January 2021.
It was followed by another war from 2013 to 2017 and a low-level insurgency from 2017, which included suicide bombings in January 2018 and January 2021.
The construction was postponed in 2015 due to economical problems, but started again in 2019. ==Climate== Baghdad has a [desert climate] (Köppen BWh), featuring extremely hot, prolonged, dry summers and mild to cool, slightly wet, short winters.
Baghdad's record highest temperature of was reached on 28 July 2020.
It was followed by another war from 2013 to 2017 and a low-level insurgency from 2017, which included suicide bombings in January 2018 and January 2021.
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