In 1709, Berlin merged with the four cities of Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt and Dorotheenstadt under the name Berlin, "Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin". In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740–1786), came to power.
The Berlin State Opera on Unter den Linden opened in 1742 and is the oldest of the three.
Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city.
In 1815, the city became part of the new Province of Brandenburg. The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany.
The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals. The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums built from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The hottest month in Berlin was July 1834, with a mean temperature of and the coldest was January 1709, with a mean temperature of .
As early as 1841 it was designated a "district dedicated to art and antiquities" by a royal decree.
Asian cuisine like Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai, Indian, Korean, and Japanese restaurants, as well as Spanish tapas bars, Italian, and Greek cuisine, can be found in many parts of the city. ===Recreation=== Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844.
The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas.
The Deutsches Theater in Mitte was built in 1849–50 and has operated almost continuously since then.
In 1861, neighboring suburbs including Wedding, Moabit and several others were incorporated into Berlin.
Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn|italic=no, S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased. ====Rohrpost (pneumatic postal network)==== From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length.
The wettest month on record was July 1907, with of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with of rainfall. ===Cityscape=== Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.
In 1871, Berlin became capital of the newly founded German Empire.
It is therefore a canting arm. Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a (partly) Slavic-derived name: Pankow (the most populous), Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Köpenick and Spandau (named Spandow until 1878).
Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, Der Eigene, started in 1896.
In 1881, it became a city district separate from Brandenburg. ===20th to 21st centuries=== In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement.
The Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded in 1890.
The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895).
The bridge was completed in a brick gothic style in 1896, replacing the former wooden bridge with an upper deck for the U-Bahn.
Same-sex bars and dance halls operated freely as early as the 1880s, and the first gay magazine, Der Eigene, started in 1896.
The wettest month on record was July 1907, with of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with of rainfall. ===Cityscape=== Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.
The wettest month on record was July 1907, with of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with of rainfall. ===Cityscape=== Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.
The wettest month on record was July 1907, with of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with of rainfall. ===Cityscape=== Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.
The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895).
The Volksbühne at Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz was built in 1913–14, though the company had been founded in 1890.
During the 15th century, his successors established Berlin-Cölln as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled in Berlin until 1918, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors.
At the end of the First World War in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building.
The city was a residence of the Prussian kings and the German Kaiser, until 1918.
Berlin in the 1920s was the third-largest municipality in the world.
Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920.
In 1920, the Greater Berlin Act incorporated dozens of suburban cities, villages, and estates around Berlin into an expanded city.
The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin.
Each borough has several subdistricts or neighborhoods (Ortsteile), which have roots in much older municipalities that predate the formation of Greater Berlin on 1 October 1920.
By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility.
Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power.
Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin. The Funkturm Berlin is a lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926.
Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin. The Funkturm Berlin is a lattice radio tower in the fairground area, built between 1924 and 1926.
The wettest month on record was July 1907, with of rainfall, whereas the driest were October 1866, November 1902, October 1908 and September 1928, all with of rainfall. ===Cityscape=== Berlin's history has left the city with a polycentric organization and a highly eclectic array of architecture and buildings.
The Konzerthaus (Concert Hall), home of the Berlin Symphony Orchestra, stands between the two cathedrals. The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums built from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power.
NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 due to emigration between 1933 and 1939.
The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final.
After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 1938–39 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. The Kurfürstendamm is home to some of Berlin's luxurious stores with the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church at its eastern end on Breitscheidplatz.
NSDAP rule diminished Berlin's Jewish community from 160,000 (one-third of all Jews in the country) to about 80,000 due to emigration between 1933 and 1939.
Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn|italic=no, S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased. ====Rohrpost (pneumatic postal network)==== From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length.
Starting in early 1943, many were shipped to concentration camps, such as Auschwitz.
During World War II, large parts of Berlin were destroyed during Allied air raids and the 1945 Battle of Berlin.
After the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces.
The center portion was demolished in 1945 to stop the Red Army from crossing.
However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory.
The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.
The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949.
In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany.
After 1949 the system was split into two separated networks.
The Berliner Ensemble, famous for performing the works of Bertolt Brecht, was established in 1949.
The Konzerthausorchester Berlin was founded in 1952 as the orchestra for East Berlin.
Its name commemorates the uprisings in East Berlin of 17 June 1953.
Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city. In December 2019, there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a "migration background" (Migrationshintergrund, MH), meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955.
The city's other zoo, Tierpark Friedrichsfelde, was founded in 1955. Berlin's Botanischer Garten includes the Botanic Museum Berlin.
It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie.
In the mid-1950s, it was closed to vehicles, and after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, pedestrian traffic was heavily restricted.
The Schaubühne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm in 1981.
Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech on June 26, 1963, in front of the Schöneberg city hall, located in the city's western part, underlining the US support for West Berlin.
The West Berlin system in operation and open for public use until 1963, and for government use until 1972.
The team represented Berlin as a founding member of the Bundesliga, Germany's highest soccer league, in 1963.
Town twinning between Berlin and other cities began with its sister city Los Angeles in 1967.
Built in 1969, it is visible throughout most of the central districts of Berlin.
It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Active immigration and asylum politics in West Berlin triggered waves of immigration in the 1960s and 1970s.
In the 1970s and 80s the SO36 in Kreuzberg was a center for punk music and culture.
The modern fast-food version of the doner kebab sandwich which evolved in Berlin in the 1970s, has since become a favorite dish in Germany and elsewhere in the world.
In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany. In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished.
The West Berlin system in operation and open for public use until 1963, and for government use until 1972.
Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn|italic=no, S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased. ====Rohrpost (pneumatic postal network)==== From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length.
The East Berlin system which inherited the Hauptelegraphenamt, the central hub of the system, was in operation until 1976 ===Energy=== Berlin's two largest energy provider for private households are the Swedish firm Vattenfall and the Berlin-based company GASAG.
It has become a significant part of the city's cultural heritage and has its roots in the graffiti scene of Kreuzberg of the 1980s.
The Schaubühne was founded in 1962 and moved to the building of the former Universum Cinema on Kurfürstendamm in 1981.
The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988. ===Media=== Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries.
In 1971, a Four-Power agreement guaranteed access to and from West Berlin by car or train through East Germany. In 1989, with the end of the Cold War and pressure from the East German population, the Berlin Wall fell on 9 November and was subsequently mostly demolished.
Since 1989, the transport network has been developed extensively; however, it still contains early 20th century traits, such as the U1. ====Airports==== Berlin is served by one commercial international airport: Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER), located just outside Berlin's south-eastern border, in the state of Brandenburg.
After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings.
Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Berlin is a world city of culture, politics, media and science.
On 3 October 1990, the two parts of Germany were reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, and Berlin again became a reunified city.
City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin.
It was remodeled by British architect Norman Foster in the 1990s and features a glass dome over the session area, which allows free public access to the parliamentary proceedings and magnificent views of the city. The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall.
In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union.
Berlin has more than 80 mosques, ten synagogues, and two Buddhist temples. ==Government== ===City state=== Since reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states in Germany among the present 16 states of Germany.
Throughout the 1990s, people in their 20s from all over the world, particularly those in Western and Central Europe, made Berlin's club scene a premier nightlife venue.
City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin.
The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of . In 2014, the city-state Berlin had 37,368 live births (+6.6%), a record number since 1991.
Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled. About 0.9% of Berliners belong to other religions.
All of these power stations generate electricity and useful heat at the same time to facilitate buffering during load peaks. In 1993 the power grid connections in the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region were renewed.
On 18 June 1994, soldiers from the United States, France and Britain marched in a parade which was part of the ceremonies to mark the withdrawal of allied occupation troops allowing a reunified Berlin (the last Russian troops departed on 31 August, while the final departure of Western Allies forces was on 8 September 1994).
Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995. ==Demographics== At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75 million registered inhabitants in an area of .
This includes the Hackesche Höfe, a conglomeration of buildings around several courtyards, reconstructed around 1996.
Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998.
The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013. The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999.
Since the 2000s Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene. Berlin contains three World Heritage Sites: Museum Island; the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin; and the Berlin Modernism Housing Estates.
The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election.
The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988. ===Media=== Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries.
In 2005, Berlin was named "City of Design" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since. ===Galleries and museums=== Berlin is home to 138 museums and more than 400 art galleries. The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben.
The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election.
It began construction in 2006, with the intention of replacing (TXL) and (SXF) as the single commercial airport of Berlin.
The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final.
Until 2008, Berlin was also served by the smaller Tempelhof Airport, which functioned as a city airport, with a convenient location near the city center, allowing for quick transit times between the central business district and the airport.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, . ==External links== berlin.de – Official website German state capitals Capitals in Europe City-states Members of the Hanseatic League Populated places established in the 13th century Turkish communities outside Turkey 1230s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire 1237 establishments in Europe University towns in Germany
Berlin in 2009 was estimated to have 100,000 to 250,000 unregistered inhabitants.
It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of Mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin, while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin.
Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year. Berlin is an important center in the European and German film industry.
The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009.
The city hosted the Basketball Euroleague Final Four in 2009 and 2016.
The rest either did not belong to such an organization, or there was no information available about them. The largest religious denomination recorded in 2010 was the Protestant regional church body—the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO)—a United church.
Around 500,000 daily bike riders accounted for 13% of total traffic in 2010.
Polish, English, Russian, and Vietnamese have more native speakers in East Berlin. ===Religion=== According to the 2011 census, approximately 37 percent of the population reported being members of a legally-recognized church or religious organization.
Between 1992 and 2011 the Muslim population almost doubled. About 0.9% of Berliners belong to other religions.
Since 2011, a number of app based e-car and e-scooter sharing services have evolved. ====Rail==== Long-distance rail lines connect Berlin with all of the major cities of Germany and with many cities in neighboring European countries.
From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate.
In 2012, around 7,600 mostly beige colored taxicabs were in service.
Previously set to open in 2012, after extensive delays and cost overruns, it opened for commercial operations in October 2020.
In 2012, around 65,000 professional scientists were working in research and development in the city. Berlin is one of the knowledge and innovation communities (KIC) of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT).
Forty-seven elite athletes participated in the 2012 Summer Olympics.
The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013. The relocation of the federal government and Bundestag to Berlin was mostly completed in 1999.
In 2013, 1.344 million motor vehicles were registered in the city.
With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita.
A Fan Fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundred-thousand spectators, has become popular during international soccer competitions, like the UEFA European Championship. In 2013 around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs.
The entire Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has a population of more than 6 million in an area of . In 2014, the city-state Berlin had 37,368 live births (+6.6%), a record number since 1991.
Since 2014 this office has been held by Michael Müller of the Social Democrats. ===Boroughs=== Berlin is subdivided into 12 boroughs or districts (Bezirke).
The Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer and Berlin Chemie are major pharmaceutical companies in the city. ===Tourism and conventions=== Berlin had 788 hotels with 134,399 beds in 2014.
The city recorded 28.7 million overnight hotel stays and 11.9 million hotel guests in 2014.
The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software, TV, radio, and video games. In 2014, around 30,500 creative companies operated in the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan region, predominantly SMEs.
Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year. Berlin is an important center in the European and German film industry.
In 2014, 67 airlines served 163 destinations in 50 countries from Berlin.
Since 2015, the Arkenberge hills in Pankow at elevation, have been the highest point in Berlin.
The total annual state budget of Berlin in 2015 exceeded €24.5 ($30.0) billion including a budget surplus of €205 ($240) million.
In 2015, the total labor force in Berlin was 1.85 million.
The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0% .
From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate.
In 2015, Berlin generated the most venture capital for young startup companies in Europe. Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom. Siemens, a Global 500 and DAX-listed company is partly headquartered in Berlin.
The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States. According to figures from the International Congress and Convention Association in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings.
Both airports together handled 29.5 million passengers in 2015.
A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16.
Twelve restaurants in Berlin have been included in the Michelin Guide of 2015, which ranks the city at the top for the number of restaurants having this distinction in Germany.
and was one of the hosts of the FIBA EuroBasket 2015.
In 2015 Berlin became the venue for the UEFA Champions League Final. Berlin will host the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games.
It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of Mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin, while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin.
Since the 2016 state election, there has been a coalition between the Social Democratic Party, the Greens and the Left Party. The Governing Mayor is simultaneously Lord Mayor of the City of Berlin (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt) and Minister President of the State of Berlin (Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes).
This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other data in an MPEG transport stream. Berlin has installed several hundred free public Wireless LAN sites across the capital since 2016.
The city hosted the Basketball Euroleague Final Four in 2009 and 2016.
The World Health Summit and several international health-related conventions are held annually in Berlin. ===Telecommunication=== Since 2017, the digital television standard in Berlin and Germany is DVB-T2.
Deutsche Bahn is planning to introduce Wi-Fi services in long-distance and regional trains in 2017. The UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G) networks of the three major cellular operators Vodafone, T-Mobile and O2 enable the use of mobile broadband applications citywide. The Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute develops mobile and stationary broadband communication networks and multimedia systems.
Following German reunification, the center portion was reconstructed with a steel frame, and U-Bahn service resumed in 1995. ==Demographics== At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75 million registered inhabitants in an area of .
According to the Berlin residents register, in 2018 14.9 percent were members of the Evangelical Church, and 8.5 percent were members of the Catholic Church.
Frequent official visits and diplomatic consultations among governmental representatives and national leaders are common in contemporary Berlin. ==Economy== In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled €147 billion, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year.
Among the largest international corporations who have their German or European headquarters in Berlin are Bombardier Transportation, Gazprom Germania, Coca-Cola, Pfizer, Sony and Total. As of 2018, the three largest banks headquartered in the capital were Deutsche Kreditbank, Landesbank Berlin and Berlin Hyp. Daimler manufactures cars, and BMW builds motorcycles in Berlin.
In 2018, the New York Times described Berlin as "arguably the world capital of underground electronic music". ===Cuisine=== The cuisine and culinary offerings of Berlin vary greatly.
In 2019, the urban area of Berlin had about 4.5 million inhabitants.
Young Germans, EU-Europeans and Israelis have also settled in the city. In December 2019, there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a "migration background" (Migrationshintergrund, MH), meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955.
In 2019, about 437,000 registered residents, 11.6% of the total, reported having a migration background from one of the Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Each of which publishes books, periodicals, and multimedia products. ==Quality of life== According to Mercer, Berlin ranked number 13 in the Quality of living city ranking in 2019. According to Monocle, Berlin occupies the position of the 6th-most-livable city in the world.
Berlin is number 8 at the Global Power City Index. In 2019, Berlin has the best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank.
According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos, Berlin was ranked number 92 of all 401 regions in Germany.
The connecting link of U-Bahn line U5 from Alexanderplatz to Hauptbahnhof, along with the new stations Rotes Rathaus and Unter den Linden, opened on 4 December 2020, with the Museumsinsel U-Bahn station expected to open around March 2021, which would complete all new works on the U5.
A partial opening by the end of 2020 of the Humboldt Forum museum, housed in the reconstructed Berlin City Palace, which had been announced in June, was postponed until March 2021. ==Geography== ===Topography=== Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia.
Previously set to open in 2012, after extensive delays and cost overruns, it opened for commercial operations in October 2020.
Due to the fall in passenger numbers resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, plans were announced to temporarily close BER's Terminal 5, the former Schönefeld Airport, beginning in March 2021 for up to one year.
The connecting link of U-Bahn line U5 from Alexanderplatz to Hauptbahnhof, along with the new stations Rotes Rathaus and Unter den Linden, opened on 4 December 2020, with the Museumsinsel U-Bahn station expected to open around March 2021, which would complete all new works on the U5.
A partial opening by the end of 2020 of the Humboldt Forum museum, housed in the reconstructed Berlin City Palace, which had been announced in June, was postponed until March 2021. ==Geography== ===Topography=== Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia.
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