He did not mention the blood libel. Pope Benedict XIV wrote the bull Beatus Andreas (22 February 1755) in response to an application for the formal canonization of the 15th-century Andreas Oxner, a folk saint alleged to have been murdered by Jews "out of hatred for the Christian faith".
A cult developed, and the boy was canonized in 1820.
The revival of the cult in Belarus was cited as a dangerous expression of antisemitism in international reports on human rights and religious freedoms which were passed to the UNHCR. 1823–35 Velizh blood libel: After a Christian child was found murdered outside of this small Russian town in 1823, accusations by a drunk prostitute led to the imprisonment of many local Jews.
Some were not released until 1835. 1840 Damascus affair: In February, at Damascus, a Catholic monk named Father Thomas and his servant disappeared.
The book concentrates on two issues: renewed ritual murder accusations against the Jews in the Damascus affair of 1840, and The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
The entire Jewish quarter was pillaged, with the pogrom leaving 12 Jews dead and about 50 injured. In 1983, Mustafa Tlass, the Syrian Minister of Defense, wrote and published The Matzah of Zion, which is a treatment of the Damascus affair of 1840 that repeats the ancient "blood libel", that Jews use the blood of murdered non-Jews in religious rituals such as baking Matza bread.
The historical impossibility of this widely credited story was demonstrated by Jakob Stammler, pastor of Bern, in 1888. There have been several explanations put forth as to why these blood libel accusations were made and perpetuated.
The accused persons were eventually acquitted. In 1899 Hilsner Affair: Leopold Hilsner, a Czech Jewish vagabond, was accused of murdering a nineteen-year-old Christian woman, Anežka Hrůzová, with a slash to the throat.
In 1901, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
He was never exonerated, and the true guilty parties were never found. ===20th century and beyond=== The 1903 Kishinev pogrom, an anti-Jewish revolt, started when an anti-Semitic newspaper wrote that a Christian Russian boy, Mikhail Rybachenko, was found murdered in the town of Dubossary, alleging that the Jews killed him in order to use the blood in preparation of matzo.
Around 49 Jews were killed and hundreds were wounded, with over 700 houses being looted and destroyed. In the 1910 Shiraz blood libel, the Jews of Shiraz, Iran, were falsely accused of murdering a Muslim girl.
The Jews could usually count on the goodwill of the Ottoman authorities and increasingly on the support of British, Prussian and Austrian representatives. In the 1910 Shiraz blood libel, the Jews of Shiraz, Iran, were falsely accused of murdering a Muslim girl.
The Papacy generally opposed them, although it had problems in enforcing its opposition. In 1911, the Dictionnaire apologétique de la foi catholique, an important French Catholic encyclopedia, published an analysis of the blood libel accusations.
He was acquitted by an all-Christian jury after a sensational trial in 1913. In 1928, the Jews of Massena, New York were falsely accused of kidnapping and killing a Christian girl in the Massena blood libel. Jews were frequently accused of the ritual murder of Christians for their blood in Der Stürmer, an antisemitic newspaper which was published in Nazi Germany.
In March 1918, Hilsner was pardoned by Austrian emperor Charles I.
He was acquitted by an all-Christian jury after a sensational trial in 1913. In 1928, the Jews of Massena, New York were falsely accused of kidnapping and killing a Christian girl in the Massena blood libel. Jews were frequently accused of the ritual murder of Christians for their blood in Der Stürmer, an antisemitic newspaper which was published in Nazi Germany.
He was removed from the Roman Martyrology in 1965 by Pope Paul VI. Christopher of Toledo, also known as Christopher of La Guardia or "the Holy Child of La Guardia", was a four-year-old Christian boy supposedly murdered in 1490 by two Jews and three conversos (converts to Christianity).
For example, Simon of Trent's local status as a saint was removed in 1965. ===Papal pronouncements=== Pope Innocent IV took action against the blood libel: "5 July 1247 Mandate to the prelates of Germany and France to annul all measures adopted against the Jews on account of the ritual murder libel, and to prevent the accusation of Arabs on similar charges" (The Apostolic See and the Jews, Documents: 492–1404; Simonsohn, Shlomo, pp. 188–189, 193–195, 208).
The entire Jewish quarter was pillaged, with the pogrom leaving 12 Jews dead and about 50 injured. In 1983, Mustafa Tlass, the Syrian Minister of Defense, wrote and published The Matzah of Zion, which is a treatment of the Damascus affair of 1840 that repeats the ancient "blood libel", that Jews use the blood of murdered non-Jews in religious rituals such as baking Matza bread.
1964–1975) made accusations against Parisian Jews that took the form of a blood libel. The Matzah Of Zion was written by the Syrian Defense Minister, Mustafa Tlass in 1986.
The book was cited at a United Nations conference in 1991 by a Syrian delegate.
Socrates Scholasticus ( 5th century) reported that some Jews in a drunken frolic bound a Christian child on a cross in mockery of the death of Christ and scourged him until he died. Professor Israel Jacob Yuval of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem published an article in 1993 which argues that the blood libel may have originated in the 12th century from Christian views of Jewish behavior during the First Crusade.
The cult continued until officially prohibited in 1994, by the Bishop of Innsbruck. On 17 January 1670 Raphael Levy, a member of the Jewish community of Metz, was executed on charges of the ritual murder of a peasant child who had gone missing in the woods outside the village of Glatigny on 25 September 1669, the eve of Rosh Hashanah. ===19th century=== One of the child-saints in the Russian Orthodox Church is the six-year-old boy Gavriil Belostoksky from the village Zverki.
On All Saints Day, 27 July 1997, the Belarusian state TV showed a film alleging the story is true.
On 21 October 2002, the London-based Arabic paper Al-Hayat reported that the book The Matzah of Zion was undergoing its eighth reprinting and it was also being translated into English, French and Italian.
Egyptian filmmaker Munir Radhi has announced plans to adapt the book into a film. In 2003, a private Syrian film company created a 29-part television series Ash-Shatat ("The Diaspora").
This series originally aired in Lebanon in late 2003 and it was subsequently broadcast by Al-Manar, a satellite television network owned by Hezbollah.
based on documents from France, Vienna and the American University in Beirut." In 2003, the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram published a series of articles by Osama El-Baz, a senior advisor to the then Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
After he was slaughtered, his blood was collected, and the two rabbis took it." A novel, Death of a Monk, based on the Damascus affair, was published in 2004. ==See also== Blood atonement Blood curse Blood ritual Cake of Light Human cannibalism Kiddush#History of using white wine Sefer HaRazim QAnon Pizzagate conspiracy theory ==References== Notes ==Further reading== Gensler, Paul and Ernst, Gabriel (2011) Die Damaskusaffäre: Judeophobie in einer anonymen Damszener Chronik.
This TV series, based on the antisemitic forgery The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, shows the Jewish people engaging in a conspiracy to rule the world, and it also presents Jews as people who murder the children of Christians, drain their blood and use it to bake matzah. In early January 2005, some 20 members of the Russian State Duma publicly made a blood libel accusation against the Jewish people.
By the end of the month, this group was strongly criticized, and it retracted its demand in response. At the end of April 2005, five boys, ages 9 to 12, in Krasnoyarsk (Russia) disappeared.
In May 2005, their burnt bodies were found in the city sewage.
and described in 2005 as "one of America's most noted Muslim scholars", alleged that Jews kidnap Christians and others in order to slaughter them and use their blood for making matzos.
The crime was not disclosed, and in August 2007 the investigation was extended until 18 November 2007.
"The Union of the Russian People" demanded officials thoroughly investigate the Jews, not stopping at the search in synagogues, Matzah bakeries and their offices. During a speech in 2007, Raed Salah, the leader of the northern branch of the Islamic Movement in Israel, referred to Jews in Europe having in the past used children's blood to bake holy bread.
The world should know this." (Translation by the Middle East Media Research Institute) During an interview which aired on Rotana Khalijiya TV on 13 August 2012, Saudi Cleric Salman Al-Odeh stated (as translated by MEMRI) that "It is well known that the Jews celebrate several holidays, one of which is the Passover, or the Matzos Holiday.
All the massacring of Jews that occurred in those countries were because they discovered that the Jews had kidnapped and slaughtered children, in order to make the Passover matzos." In an interview which aired on the Al-Quds TV channel on 28 July 2014 (as translated by MEMRI), Osama Hamdan, the top representative of Hamas in Lebanon, stated that "we all remember how the Jews used to slaughter Christians, in order to mix their blood in their holy matzos.
They believe that the killing of any human being is a form of worship and a means to draw near their god." In March 2020, Italian painter Giovanni Gasparro unveiled a painting of the martyrdom of Simon of Trent, titled "Martirio di San Simonino da Trento (Simone Unverdorben), per omicidio rituale ebraico (The Martyrdom of St.
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