Even small caldera-forming eruptions, such as Krakatoa in 1883 or Mount Pinatubo in 1991, may result in significant local destruction and a noticeable drop in temperature around the world.
Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred since 1900, most recently at Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland in 2014. == Etymology == The term caldera comes from Spanish , and Latin , meaning "cooking pot".
For instance, the caldera atop Fernandina Island collapsed in 1968 when parts of the caldera floor dropped . ==Extraterrestrial calderas== Since the early 1960s, it has been known that volcanism has occurred on other planets and moons in the Solar System.
The remnants of such clusters may be found in places such as the Eocene Rum Complex of Scotland, the San Juan Mountains of Colorado (formed during the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene epochs) or the Saint Francois Mountain Range of Missouri (erupted during the Proterozoic eon). ====Valles==== For their 1968 paper that first introduced the concept of a resurgent caldera to geology, R.L.
For instance, the caldera atop Fernandina Island collapsed in 1968 when parts of the caldera floor dropped . ==Extraterrestrial calderas== Since the early 1960s, it has been known that volcanism has occurred on other planets and moons in the Solar System.
For example, the NASA Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft detected nine erupting volcanoes while passing Io in 1979.
In the late 1990s, anthropologist Stanley Ambrose proposed that a volcanic winter induced by this eruption reduced the human population to about 2,000–20,000 individuals, resulting in a population bottleneck.
Even small caldera-forming eruptions, such as Krakatoa in 1883 or Mount Pinatubo in 1991, may result in significant local destruction and a noticeable drop in temperature around the world.
There is an associated 1:25000 solid geology map. Lipman, P; 1999.
Only seven caldera-forming collapses are known to have occurred since 1900, most recently at Bárðarbunga volcano, Iceland in 2014. == Etymology == The term caldera comes from Spanish , and Latin , meaning "cooking pot".
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