Service on this route had actually begun very early, in 1854, along with service from Brockville.
Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and Albany, New York in the United States. The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a commitment extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871; it was Canada's first transcontinental railway.
British Columbia, a four-month sea voyage away from the East Coast, had insisted upon a land transport link to the East as a condition for joining Confederation (initially requesting a wagon road). In 1873, Sir John A.
Because of this scandal, the Conservative Party was removed from office in 1873.
Hotels were likewise crucial to the CPR's growth by attracting travellers. Dominion Express Company was formed independently in 1873 before the CPR itself, although train service did not begin until the summer of 1882 at which time it operated over some of track from Rat Portage (Kenora) Ontario west to Winnipeg, Manitoba.
The Thunder Bay section linking Lake Superior to Winnipeg was commenced in 1875.
By 1880, around was nearly complete, mainly across the troublesome Canadian Shield terrain, with trains running on only of track. With Macdonald's return to power on 16 October 1878, a more aggressive construction policy was adopted.
In 1879, the federal government floated bonds in London and called for tenders to construct the section of the railway from Yale, British Columbia, to Savona's Ferry, on Kamloops Lake.
By 1880, around was nearly complete, mainly across the troublesome Canadian Shield terrain, with trains running on only of track. With Macdonald's return to power on 16 October 1878, a more aggressive construction policy was adopted.
The contract was awarded to Andrew Onderdonk, whose men started work on 15 May 1880.
After the completion of that section, Onderdonk received contracts to build between Yale and Port Moody, and between Savona's Ferry and Eagle Pass. On 21 October 1880, a new syndicate, unrelated to Hugh Allan's, signed a contract with the Macdonald government.
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) , known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996 and simply Canadian Pacific, is a historic Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881.
Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and Albany, New York in the United States. The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a commitment extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871; it was Canada's first transcontinental railway.
On 15 February 1881, legislation confirming the contract received royal assent, and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company was formally incorporated the next day.
In 1885, he drove the last spike to complete the transcontinental line. ===Building the railway, 1881–1886=== Building the railway took over four years.
Hill in 1881 sent Alpheus Beede Stickney to be construction superintendent for the Canadian Pacific Railway.
He discovered the pass in April 1881 and, true to its word, the CPR named it "Rogers Pass" and gave him the cheque.
CPR officials insisted that this was a temporary expediency, but this state of affairs would last for 25 years until the completion of the Spiral Tunnels in the early 20th century. In 1881, construction progressed at a pace too slow for the railway's officials who, in 1882, hired the renowned railway executive William Cornelius Van Horne to oversee construction with the inducement of a generous salary and the intriguing challenge of handling such a difficult railway project.
Stephen himself later did admit to spending $1 million between 1881 and 1886 to ensure government support.
While the railway was completed four years after the original 1881 deadline, it was completed more than five years ahead of the new date of 1891 that Macdonald gave in 1881.
CP no longer provides any of these services. ===Telegraph=== The original charter of the CPR granted in 1881 provided for the right to create an electric telegraph and telephone service including charging for it.
CPR officials insisted that this was a temporary expediency, but this state of affairs would last for 25 years until the completion of the Spiral Tunnels in the early 20th century. In 1881, construction progressed at a pace too slow for the railway's officials who, in 1882, hired the renowned railway executive William Cornelius Van Horne to oversee construction with the inducement of a generous salary and the intriguing challenge of handling such a difficult railway project.
Van Horne stated that he would have of main line built in 1882.
The Thunder Bay branch (west from Fort William) was completed in June 1882 by the Department of Railways and Canals and turned over to the company in May 1883, permitting all-Canadian lake and railway traffic from Eastern Canada to Winnipeg, for the first time in Canada's history.
Hotels were likewise crucial to the CPR's growth by attracting travellers. Dominion Express Company was formed independently in 1873 before the CPR itself, although train service did not begin until the summer of 1882 at which time it operated over some of track from Rat Portage (Kenora) Ontario west to Winnipeg, Manitoba.
It began doing so in 1882 as the separate Telegraph Department.
The Thunder Bay branch (west from Fort William) was completed in June 1882 by the Department of Railways and Canals and turned over to the company in May 1883, permitting all-Canadian lake and railway traffic from Eastern Canada to Winnipeg, for the first time in Canada's history.
By the end of 1883, the railway had reached the Rocky Mountains, just eight kilometres (five miles) east of Kicking Horse Pass.
In 2006, the Canadian government issued a formal apology to the Chinese population in Canada for their treatment both during and following the construction of the CPR. By 1883, railway construction was progressing rapidly, but the CPR was in danger of running out of funds.
The steep drop would force the cash-strapped CPR to build a long stretch of track with a very steep 4 percent gradient once it reached the pass in 1884.
The construction seasons of 1884 and 1885 would be spent in the mountains of British Columbia and on the north shore of Lake Superior. Many thousands of navvies worked on the railway.
In response, on 31 January 1884, the government passed the Railway Relief Bill, providing a further $22.5 million in loans to the CPR.
The bill received royal assent on 6 March 1884. In March 1885, the North-West Rebellion broke out in the District of Saskatchewan.
The O&Q built a line between Perth, Ontario, and Toronto (completed on 5 May 1884) to connect these acquisitions.
The CPR obtained a 999-year lease on the O&Q on 4 January 1884.
Canadian Pacific passenger service on the lakes ended in 1965. In 1884, CPR began purchasing sailing ships as part of a railway supply service on the Great Lakes.
Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, and Albany, New York in the United States. The railway was first built between eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885 (connecting with Ottawa Valley and Georgian Bay area lines built earlier), fulfilling a commitment extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871; it was Canada's first transcontinental railway.
In 1885, he drove the last spike to complete the transcontinental line. ===Building the railway, 1881–1886=== Building the railway took over four years.
The construction seasons of 1884 and 1885 would be spent in the mountains of British Columbia and on the north shore of Lake Superior. Many thousands of navvies worked on the railway.
The bill received royal assent on 6 March 1884. In March 1885, the North-West Rebellion broke out in the District of Saskatchewan.
This money went to buying a £40,000 necklace for Lady MacDonald and numerous other "bonifications" to government members. On 7 November 1885, the last spike was driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia, making good on the original promise.
Thomas, Ontario, by 1885 (mainly by buying the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa & Occidental Railway from the Quebec government), and had launched a fleet of Great Lakes ships to link its terminals.
In 1895, it acquired a minority interest in the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway, giving it a link to New York and the Northeast United States. ===1886–1900=== The last spike in the CPR was driven on 7 November 1885, by one of its directors, Donald Smith. The first transcontinental passenger train departed from Montreal's Dalhousie Station, located at Berri Street and Notre Dame Street at 8 pm on 28 June 1886, and arrived at Port Moody at noon on 4 July 1886.
From 1885 until 1912, these ships linked Owen Sound on Georgian Bay to Fort William.
Stephen himself later did admit to spending $1 million between 1881 and 1886 to ensure government support.
In 1895, it acquired a minority interest in the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway, giving it a link to New York and the Northeast United States. ===1886–1900=== The last spike in the CPR was driven on 7 November 1885, by one of its directors, Donald Smith. The first transcontinental passenger train departed from Montreal's Dalhousie Station, located at Berri Street and Notre Dame Street at 8 pm on 28 June 1886, and arrived at Port Moody at noon on 4 July 1886.
What once took 24 changes of engines in 1886, all of them 4-4-0s except for two of 2-8-0s in the mountains, for between Montreal and Vancouver became 8 changes.
The first official train destined for Vancouver arrived on 23 May 1887, although the line had already been in use for three months.
In 1888, a branch line was opened between Sudbury and Sault Ste.
Only one ferry boat was ever operated, Ashtabula, a large vessel which eventually sank in a harbour collision in Ashtabula on 18 September 1958, thus ending the service. Canadian Pacific Car and Passenger Transfer Company was formed by other interest in 1888 linking the CPR in Prescott, Ontario, and the NYC in Ogdensburg, New York.
That line opened on 12 June 1890. The CPR also leased the New Brunswick Railway in 1891 for 991 years, and built the International Railway of Maine, connecting Montreal with Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1889.
That line opened on 12 June 1890. The CPR also leased the New Brunswick Railway in 1891 for 991 years, and built the International Railway of Maine, connecting Montreal with Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1889.
Deregulation in the 1980s, however, changed everything and trucking services were ended after many attempts to change with the times. ==Special trains== ===Silk trains=== Between the 1890s and 1933, the CPR transported raw silk from Vancouver, where it had been shipped from the Orient, to silk mills in New York and New Jersey.
They also played an important role in both world wars with many of them being lost to enemy action, including Empress of Britain. There were also a number of rail ferries operated over the years as well including, between Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit from 1890 until 1915.
While the railway was completed four years after the original 1881 deadline, it was completed more than five years ahead of the new date of 1891 that Macdonald gave in 1881.
That line opened on 12 June 1890. The CPR also leased the New Brunswick Railway in 1891 for 991 years, and built the International Railway of Maine, connecting Montreal with Saint John, New Brunswick, in 1889.
On 10 June 1891, the funeral train of Prime Minister Sir John A.
In 1895, it acquired a minority interest in the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway, giving it a link to New York and the Northeast United States. ===1886–1900=== The last spike in the CPR was driven on 7 November 1885, by one of its directors, Donald Smith. The first transcontinental passenger train departed from Montreal's Dalhousie Station, located at Berri Street and Notre Dame Street at 8 pm on 28 June 1886, and arrived at Port Moody at noon on 4 July 1886.
By 1896, competition with the Great Northern Railway for traffic in southern British Columbia forced the CPR to construct a second line across the province, south of the original line.
The sternwheel steamship Moyie on Kootenay Lake was the last CPR passenger boat in BC lake service, having operated from 1898 until 1957.
CP Ships was merged with Hapag-Lloyd in 2005. ====British Columbia Coast Steamships==== The Canadian Pacific Railway Coast Service (British Columbia Coast Steamships or BCCS) was established when the CPR acquired in 1901 Canadian Pacific Navigation Company (no relation) and its large fleet of ships that served 72 ports along the coast of British Columbia including on Vancouver Island.
The CPR bought hundreds of 4-6-2 Pacifics between 1906 and 1948 with later versions being true dual-purpose passenger and fast-freight locomotives. The CPR built hundreds of its own locomotives at its shops in Montreal, first at the "New Shops", as the DeLorimer shops were commonly referred to, and at the massive Angus Shops that replaced them in 1904.
Grain has always been a significant commodity hauled by the CPR; between 1905 and 1909, the CPR double-tracked its section of track between Fort William, Ontario (part of present-day Thunder Bay) and Winnipeg to facilitate grain shipments.
Pennsylvania-Ontario Transportation Company was formed jointly with the PRR in 1906 to operate a ferry across Lake Erie between Ashtabula, Ohio, and Port Burwell, Ontario, to carry freight cars, mostly of coal, much of it to be burned in CPR steam locomotives.
The CPR bought hundreds of 4-6-2 Pacifics between 1906 and 1948 with later versions being true dual-purpose passenger and fast-freight locomotives. The CPR built hundreds of its own locomotives at its shops in Montreal, first at the "New Shops", as the DeLorimer shops were commonly referred to, and at the massive Angus Shops that replaced them in 1904.
In 1908, the CPR opened a line connecting Toronto with Sudbury.
In April 1908, the CPR started work to replace the Old Calgary-Edmonton Rail Bridge across the Red Deer River with a new standard steel bridge that was completed by March 1909. On 3 November 1909, the Lethbridge Viaduct over the Oldman River valley at Lethbridge, Alberta, was opened.
Keewatin built in 1908 which remained in use until the end of service.
In 1909 the CPR completed two significant engineering accomplishments.
In April 1908, the CPR started work to replace the Old Calgary-Edmonton Rail Bridge across the Red Deer River with a new standard steel bridge that was completed by March 1909. On 3 November 1909, the Lethbridge Viaduct over the Oldman River valley at Lethbridge, Alberta, was opened.
Grain has always been a significant commodity hauled by the CPR; between 1905 and 1909, the CPR double-tracked its section of track between Fort William, Ontario (part of present-day Thunder Bay) and Winnipeg to facilitate grain shipments.
This service ended in 1915 when the CPR made an agreement with the Michigan Central to use their Detroit River tunnel opened in 1910.
Following a major fire in December 1911 that destroyed the grain elevator, operations were relocated to a new, larger port created by the CPR at Port McNicoll opening in May 1912.
On 3 January 1912, the CPR acquired the Dominion Atlantic Railway, a railway that ran in western Nova Scotia.
On 1 July 1912, the CPR acquired the Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway, a railway on Vancouver Island that connected to the CPR using a railcar ferry.
The CPR acquired the Quebec Central Railway on 14 December 1912. During the late 19th century, the railway undertook an ambitious programme of hotel construction, building Glacier House in Glacier National Park, Mount Stephen House at Field, British Columbia, the Château Frontenac in Quebec City and the Banff Springs Hotel.
From 1885 until 1912, these ships linked Owen Sound on Georgian Bay to Fort William.
Following a major fire in December 1911 that destroyed the grain elevator, operations were relocated to a new, larger port created by the CPR at Port McNicoll opening in May 1912.
On 29 May 1914, the Empress (operated by the CPR's Canadian Pacific Steamship Company) went down in the St.
This applied only to the semi-streamlined locomotives (2820–2864), not the "standard" Hudsons (2800–2819). ===Better Farming Train=== CPR provided the rolling stock for the Better Farming Train which toured rural Saskatchewan between 1914 and 1922 to promote the latest information on agricultural research.
On 14 September 1915, the funeral train of former CPR president Sir William Cornelius Van Horne ran from Montreal to Joliet, Illinois, pulled by 4-6-2 No.
They also played an important role in both world wars with many of them being lost to enemy action, including Empress of Britain. There were also a number of rail ferries operated over the years as well including, between Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit from 1890 until 1915.
This service ended in 1915 when the CPR made an agreement with the Michigan Central to use their Detroit River tunnel opened in 1910.
The train consists of up to eight luxury passenger cars built between 1916 and 1931 and is powered by first-generation diesel locomotives. ===Steam train=== In 1998, the CPR repatriated one of its former passenger steam locomotives that had been on static display in the United States following its sale in January 1964, long after the close of the steam era.
The best known of the princess ships, however, is Princess Sophia, which sank with no survivors in October 1918 after striking the Vanderbilt Reef in Alaska's Lynn Canal, constituting the largest maritime disaster in the history of the Pacific Northwest.
In 1919, these lines were consolidated, along with the track of the old Intercolonial Railway and its spurs, into the government-owned Canadian National Railways.
This applied only to the semi-streamlined locomotives (2820–2864), not the "standard" Hudsons (2800–2819). ===Better Farming Train=== CPR provided the rolling stock for the Better Farming Train which toured rural Saskatchewan between 1914 and 1922 to promote the latest information on agricultural research.
In 1923, Henry Worth Thornton replaced David Blyth Hanna becoming the second president of the CNR, and his competition spurred Edward Wentworth Beatty, the first Canadian-born president of the CPR, to action.
It was renamed Canadian Express Company on 1 September 1926, and the headquarters moved from Winnipeg, to Toronto.
It was staffed by the University of Saskatchewan and operating expenses were covered by the Department of Agriculture. ===School cars=== Between 1927 and the early 1950s, the CPR ran a school car to reach children who lived in Northern Ontario, far from schools.
During this time the railway land grants were formalized. ===Great Depression and the Second World War, 1929–1945=== The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 until 1939, hit many companies heavily.
First built in 1929, they began a new era of modern locomotives with capabilities that changed how transcontinental passenger trains ran, eliminating frequent changes en route.
One of the class, No. 2860, was restored by the British Columbia government and used in excursion service on the British Columbia Railway between 1974 and 1999. The CPR also made many of their older 2-8-0s, built in the turn of the century, into 2-8-2s. In 1929, the CPR received its first 2-10-4 Selkirk locomotives, the largest steam locomotives to run in Canada and the British Empire.
Hard times led to the creation of new political parties such as the Social Credit movement and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, as well as popular protest in the form of the On-to-Ottawa Trek. One highlight of the late 1930s, both for the railway and for Canada, was the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during their 1939 royal tour of Canada, the first time that the reigning monarch had visited the country.
Deregulation in the 1980s, brought about mergers and the sale of remaining services and facilities. ===Radio=== On 17 January 1930, the CPR applied for licences to operate radio stations in 11 cities from coast-to-coast for the purpose of organising its own radio network in order to compete with the CNR Radio service.
The train consists of up to eight luxury passenger cars built between 1916 and 1931 and is powered by first-generation diesel locomotives. ===Steam train=== In 1998, the CPR repatriated one of its former passenger steam locomotives that had been on static display in the United States following its sale in January 1964, long after the close of the steam era.
In 1931, it became the Communications Department in recognition of the expanding services provided which included telephones lines, news wire, ticker quotations for the stock market and eventually teleprinters.
The CPR scaled back on some of its passenger and freight services, and stopped issuing dividends to its shareholders after 1932.
Deregulation in the 1980s, however, changed everything and trucking services were ended after many attempts to change with the times. ==Special trains== ===Silk trains=== Between the 1890s and 1933, the CPR transported raw silk from Vancouver, where it had been shipped from the Orient, to silk mills in New York and New Jersey.
Canadian Express Cartage Department was formed in March 1937 to handle pickup and delivery of most express shipments including less-than-carload freight.
The last steam locomotives that the CPR received, in 1949, were Selkirks, numbered 5930–5935. ===Diesel locomotives=== In 1937, the CPR acquired its first diesel-electric locomotive, a custom-built one-of-a-kind switcher numbered 7000.
The steam locomotives used to pull the train included CPR 2850, a Hudson (4-6-4) built by Montreal Locomotive Works in 1938, CNR 6400, a U-4-a Northern (4-8-4) and CNR 6028 a U-1-b Mountain (4-8-2) type.
During this time the railway land grants were formalized. ===Great Depression and the Second World War, 1929–1945=== The Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 until 1939, hit many companies heavily.
Hard times led to the creation of new political parties such as the Social Credit movement and the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, as well as popular protest in the form of the On-to-Ottawa Trek. One highlight of the late 1930s, both for the railway and for Canada, was the visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth during their 1939 royal tour of Canada, the first time that the reigning monarch had visited the country.
The silk trains had superior rights over all other trains; even passenger trains (including the Royal Train of 1939) would be put in sidings to make the silk trains' trip faster.
The CPR's most notable royal train was in 1939.
In 1939, the CPR and the CNR had the honour of giving King George VI and Queen Elizabeth a rail tour of Canada, from Quebec City to Vancouver.
The 2800s, as the Hudson type was known, ran from Toronto to Fort William, a distance of , while another lengthy engine district was from Winnipeg to Calgary . Especially notable were the semi-streamlined H1 class Royal Hudsons, locomotives that were given their name because one of their class hauled the royal train carrying King George VI and Queen Elizabeth on the 1939 royal tour across Canada without change or failure.
properties until merged with Raffles Hotels and Resorts and Swissôtel in 2006. ===Airline=== Canadian Pacific Airlines, also called CP Air, operated from 1942 to 1987 and was the main competitor of Canadian government-owned Air Canada.
Production-model diesels were imported from American Locomotive Company (Alco) starting with five model S-2 yard switchers in 1943 and followed by further orders.
These units are numbered 7020–7023, with 7024 being renumbered to 6644 to commemorate the date of D-Day: 6 June 1944.
Express routes using highway trucks beginning in November 1945 in southern Ontario and Alberta co-ordinated railway and highway service expanded service to better serve smaller locations especially on branchlines.
The CPR bought hundreds of 4-6-2 Pacifics between 1906 and 1948 with later versions being true dual-purpose passenger and fast-freight locomotives. The CPR built hundreds of its own locomotives at its shops in Montreal, first at the "New Shops", as the DeLorimer shops were commonly referred to, and at the massive Angus Shops that replaced them in 1904.
In 1948 Montreal Locomotive Works began production of ALCO designs. In 1949, the CPR acquired 13 Baldwin-designed locomotives from the Canadian Locomotive Company for its isolated Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway and Vancouver Island was quickly dieselized.
Popular with tourists, the Princess ships were famous in their own right especially Princess Marguerite (II) which operated from 1949 until 1985 and was the last coastal liner in operation.
The last steam locomotives that the CPR received, in 1949, were Selkirks, numbered 5930–5935. ===Diesel locomotives=== In 1937, the CPR acquired its first diesel-electric locomotive, a custom-built one-of-a-kind switcher numbered 7000.
In 1949, operations on lines in Vermont were dieselized with Alco FA1 road locomotives (eight A and four B units), five ALCO RS-2 road switchers, three Alco S-2 switchers and three EMD E8 passenger locomotives.
In 1948 Montreal Locomotive Works began production of ALCO designs. In 1949, the CPR acquired 13 Baldwin-designed locomotives from the Canadian Locomotive Company for its isolated Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway and Vancouver Island was quickly dieselized.
During the 1950s, the railway introduced new innovations in passenger service.
It was staffed by the University of Saskatchewan and operating expenses were covered by the Department of Agriculture. ===School cars=== Between 1927 and the early 1950s, the CPR ran a school car to reach children who lived in Northern Ontario, far from schools.
These services continued for many years until changing conditions in the late 1950s brought about their decline and eventual demise at the end of season in 1974.
Luc Yard; active since 1950.
Beginning 9 November 1953, the CPR introduced Budd Rail Diesel Cars (RDCs) on many of its lines.
In 1955, it introduced The Canadian, a new luxury transcontinental train.
On 24 April 1955, the CPR introduced a new luxury transcontinental passenger train, The Canadian.
The sternwheel steamship Moyie on Kootenay Lake was the last CPR passenger boat in BC lake service, having operated from 1898 until 1957.
Only one ferry boat was ever operated, Ashtabula, a large vessel which eventually sank in a harbour collision in Ashtabula on 18 September 1958, thus ending the service. Canadian Pacific Car and Passenger Transfer Company was formed by other interest in 1888 linking the CPR in Prescott, Ontario, and the NYC in Ogdensburg, New York.
A bridge built in 1958 ended passenger service however, freight continued until Ogdensburg's dock was destroyed by fire 25 September 1970, thus ending all service.
However, in the 1960s, the company started to pull out of passenger services, ending services on many of its branch lines.
There are also various long stretches of double track between Golden and Kamloops, British Columbia, and portions of the original Winnipeg-Thunder Bay double track (such as through Kenora and Keewatin, Ontario) are still double track. ==Passenger trains== The train was the primary mode of long-distance transport in Canada until the 1960s.
Featured in numerous advertising promotions worldwide, several such images have gained iconic status. Starting in the 1960s, however, the railway started to discontinue much of its passenger service, particularly on its branch lines.
Dieselization was completed 11 years later, with its last steam locomotive running on 6 November 1960.
For example, passenger service ended on its line through southern British Columbia and Crowsnest Pass in January 1964, and on its Quebec Central in April 1967, and the transcontinental train The Dominion was dropped in January 1966.
The train consists of up to eight luxury passenger cars built between 1916 and 1931 and is powered by first-generation diesel locomotives. ===Steam train=== In 1998, the CPR repatriated one of its former passenger steam locomotives that had been on static display in the United States following its sale in January 1964, long after the close of the steam era.
The passenger service was discontinued at the end of season in 1965 with one ship, the Keewatin, carrying on in freight service for two more years.
Canadian Pacific passenger service on the lakes ended in 1965. In 1884, CPR began purchasing sailing ships as part of a railway supply service on the Great Lakes.
It also discontinued its secondary transcontinental train The Dominion in 1966, and in 1970, unsuccessfully applied to discontinue The Canadian.
For example, passenger service ended on its line through southern British Columbia and Crowsnest Pass in January 1964, and on its Quebec Central in April 1967, and the transcontinental train The Dominion was dropped in January 1966.
"Bob" Emerson |- | 1966–1972 || Ian David Sinclair |- | 1972–1981 || Fred Burbidge |- | 1981–1984 || William "Bill" Stinson |- | 1984–1990 || Russell S.
For example, passenger service ended on its line through southern British Columbia and Crowsnest Pass in January 1964, and on its Quebec Central in April 1967, and the transcontinental train The Dominion was dropped in January 1966.
It was the coming of these newer technologies especially cellular telephones that eventually resulted in the demise of these services even after formation in 1967 of CN-CP Telecommunications in an effort to effect efficiencies through consolidation rather than competition.
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) , known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996 and simply Canadian Pacific, is a historic Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881.
Via eventually took almost all of its passenger trains, including The Canadian, off CP's lines. In 1968, as part of a corporate reorganization, each of the major operations, including its rail operations, were organized as separate subsidiaries.
It also discontinued its secondary transcontinental train The Dominion in 1966, and in 1970, unsuccessfully applied to discontinue The Canadian.
Since 1970, coal has become a major commodity hauled by CPR.
CP Rail introduced Canada's first bi-level passenger cars here in 1970.
A bridge built in 1958 ended passenger service however, freight continued until Ogdensburg's dock was destroyed by fire 25 September 1970, thus ending all service.
The name of the railway was changed to CP Rail, and the parent company changed its name to Canadian Pacific Limited in 1971.
In 1971, these businesses were split off into the separate company Canadian Pacific Limited, and in 2001, that company was further split into five companies.
"Bob" Emerson |- | 1966–1972 || Ian David Sinclair |- | 1972–1981 || Fred Burbidge |- | 1981–1984 || William "Bill" Stinson |- | 1984–1990 || Russell S.
These services continued for many years until changing conditions in the late 1950s brought about their decline and eventual demise at the end of season in 1974.
One of the class, No. 2860, was restored by the British Columbia government and used in excursion service on the British Columbia Railway between 1974 and 1999. The CPR also made many of their older 2-8-0s, built in the turn of the century, into 2-8-2s. In 1929, the CPR received its first 2-10-4 Selkirk locomotives, the largest steam locomotives to run in Canada and the British Empire.
The CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position it held as late as 1975.
These services gradually declined and ended in 1975 except for a freight barge on Slocan Lake.
They also contained miniature libraries and accommodation for the teacher. ===Silver Streak=== Major shooting for the 1976 film Silver Streak, a fictional comedy tale of a murder-ridden train trip from Los Angeles to Chicago, was done on the CPR, mainly in the Alberta area with station footage at Toronto's Union Station.
In 1977 although BCCSS was the legal name, it was rebranded as Coastal Marine Operations (CMO).
Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978. The company acquired two American lines in 2009: the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad (DM&E) and the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad (IC&E).
On 29 October 1978, CP Rail transferred its passenger services to Via Rail, a new federal Crown corporation that is responsible for managing all intercity passenger service formerly handled by both CP Rail and CN.
On 29 October 1978, CP Rail transferred its passenger services to Via Rail, a new federal Crown corporation that was now responsible for intercity passenger services in Canada.
During the 1980s, the Soo Line Railroad, in which CP Rail still owned a controlling interest, underwent several changes.
Also in 1980, Canadian Pacific bought out the controlling interests of the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway (TH&B) from Conrail and molded it into the Canadian Pacific System, dissolving the TH&B's name from the books in 1985.
Deregulation in the 1980s, however, changed everything and trucking services were ended after many attempts to change with the times. ==Special trains== ===Silk trains=== Between the 1890s and 1933, the CPR transported raw silk from Vancouver, where it had been shipped from the Orient, to silk mills in New York and New Jersey.
Deregulation in the 1980s, brought about mergers and the sale of remaining services and facilities. ===Radio=== On 17 January 1930, the CPR applied for licences to operate radio stations in 11 cities from coast-to-coast for the purpose of organising its own radio network in order to compete with the CNR Radio service.
Several signature hotels were acquired from its competitor Canadian National during the 1980s, including the Jasper Park Lodge.
Passenger service ended in 1981. ====British Columbia Lake and River Service==== The Canadian Pacific Railway Lake and River Service (British Columbia Lake and River Service) developed slowly and in spurts of growth.
"Bob" Emerson |- | 1966–1972 || Ian David Sinclair |- | 1972–1981 || Fred Burbidge |- | 1981–1984 || William "Bill" Stinson |- | 1984–1990 || Russell S.
It acquired the Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway in 1982.
On 1 October 1982, the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission (STCUM) assumed responsibility for the commuter services previously provided by CP Rail.
Although temporarily suspended during the First World War, it was not until 1983 that the "Crow Rate" was permanently replaced by the Western Grain Transportation Act which allowed for the gradual increase of grain shipping prices.
The CPR's first-generation locomotives were mostly made by General Motors Diesel and Montreal Locomotive Works (American Locomotive Company designs), with some made by the Canadian Locomotive Company to Baldwin and Fairbanks Morse designs. CP was the first railway in North America to pioneer alternating current (AC) traction diesel-electric locomotives in 1984.
"Bob" Emerson |- | 1966–1972 || Ian David Sinclair |- | 1972–1981 || Fred Burbidge |- | 1981–1984 || William "Bill" Stinson |- | 1984–1990 || Russell S.
Then on 21 February 1985, the Soo Line obtained a controlling interest in the bankrupt Milwaukee Road, merging it into its system on 1 January 1986.
Also in 1980, Canadian Pacific bought out the controlling interests of the Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway (TH&B) from Conrail and molded it into the Canadian Pacific System, dissolving the TH&B's name from the books in 1985.
Popular with tourists, the Princess ships were famous in their own right especially Princess Marguerite (II) which operated from 1949 until 1985 and was the last coastal liner in operation.
Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978. The company acquired two American lines in 2009: the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad (DM&E) and the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad (IC&E).
Then on 21 February 1985, the Soo Line obtained a controlling interest in the bankrupt Milwaukee Road, merging it into its system on 1 January 1986.
In 1987, most of CPR's trackage in the Great Lakes region, including much of the original Soo Line, were spun off into a new railway, the Wisconsin Central, which was subsequently purchased by CN.
properties until merged with Raffles Hotels and Resorts and Swissôtel in 2006. ===Airline=== Canadian Pacific Airlines, also called CP Air, operated from 1942 to 1987 and was the main competitor of Canadian government-owned Air Canada.
The first revenue train passed through the tunnel in 1988.
The Iris G tug boat and a barge were operated under contract to CP Rail until the last train ran late in December 1988.
Free Trade Agreement of 1989, which liberalized trade between the two nations, the CPR's expansion continued during the early 1990s: CP Rail gained full control of the Soo Line in 1990, and bought the Delaware and Hudson Railway in 1991.
Free Trade Agreement of 1989, which liberalized trade between the two nations, the CPR's expansion continued during the early 1990s: CP Rail gained full control of the Soo Line in 1990, and bought the Delaware and Hudson Railway in 1991.
These two acquisitions gave CP Rail routes to the major American cities of Chicago (via the Soo Line and Milwaukee Road as part of its historically logical route) and New York City (via the D&H). During the 1990s, both CP Rail and CN attempted unsuccessfully to buy out the eastern assets of the other, so as to permit further rationalization.
Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney presided over major cuts in Via Rail service on 15 January 1990.
Where both trains had been daily prior to the 15 January 1990 cuts, the surviving Canadian was only a three-times-weekly operation.
Allison |- | 1990–2006 || Robert J.
Free Trade Agreement of 1989, which liberalized trade between the two nations, the CPR's expansion continued during the early 1990s: CP Rail gained full control of the Soo Line in 1990, and bought the Delaware and Hudson Railway in 1991.
The line had had a series of different owners since being spun off of the Canadian Pacific in 1995.
The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) , known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996 and simply Canadian Pacific, is a historic Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881.
In 1996, CP Rail moved its head office from Windsor Station in Montreal to Gulf Canada Square in Calgary and changed its name back to Canadian Pacific Railway. A new subsidiary company, the St.
The train consists of up to eight luxury passenger cars built between 1916 and 1931 and is powered by first-generation diesel locomotives. ===Steam train=== In 1998, the CPR repatriated one of its former passenger steam locomotives that had been on static display in the United States following its sale in January 1964, long after the close of the steam era.
By 1998 the company was bought by the Washington Marine Group which after purchase was renamed Seaspan Coastal Intermodal Company and then subsequently rebranded in 2011 as Seaspan Ferries Corporation.
In 1998, Canadian Pacific Hotels acquired Fairmont Hotels, an American company, becoming Fairmont Hotels and Resorts, Inc.; the combined corporation operated the historic Canadian properties as well as the Fairmont's U.S.
Most of the cars are still in revenue service on Via Rail Canada; the lead locomotive (CP 4070) and the second unit (CP 4067) were sold to Via Rail and CTCUM respectively. ===Holiday Train=== Starting in 1999, CP runs a Holiday Train along its main line during the months of November and December.
After its 20th anniversary tour in 2018, which hosted Terri Clark, Sam Roberts Band, The Trews and Willy Porter, the tour reported to have raised more than and collected more than of food since 1999. ===Royal Canadian Pacific=== On 7 June 2000, the CPR inaugurated the Royal Canadian Pacific, a luxury excursion service that operates between the months of June and September.
One of the class, No. 2860, was restored by the British Columbia government and used in excursion service on the British Columbia Railway between 1974 and 1999. The CPR also made many of their older 2-8-0s, built in the turn of the century, into 2-8-2s. In 1929, the CPR received its first 2-10-4 Selkirk locomotives, the largest steam locomotives to run in Canada and the British Empire.
After its 20th anniversary tour in 2018, which hosted Terri Clark, Sam Roberts Band, The Trews and Willy Porter, the tour reported to have raised more than and collected more than of food since 1999. ===Royal Canadian Pacific=== On 7 June 2000, the CPR inaugurated the Royal Canadian Pacific, a luxury excursion service that operates between the months of June and September.
The railway is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001. Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately of track in seven provinces of Canada and into the United States, stretching from Saint John, New Brunswick to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton.
On 1 January 2001 the StL&H was formally amalgamated with the CP Rail system. ===2001 to present=== In 2001, the CPR's parent company, Canadian Pacific Limited, spun off its five subsidiaries, including the CPR, into independent companies.
In 1971, these businesses were split off into the separate company Canadian Pacific Limited, and in 2001, that company was further split into five companies.
CP Ships was the final operation, and in the end it too left CP ownership when it was spun off in 2001.
It was created in 2001 when the CPR's former parent company, Canadian Pacific Limited, spun off its railway operations.
On 3 October 2001, the company's shares began to trade on the New York Stock Exchange and the Toronto Stock Exchange under the "CP" symbol.
Bonfield was inducted into Canadian Railway Hall of Fame in 2002 as the CPR first spike location.
In 2002 the Montreal, Maine & Atlantic took over operations after CDAC declared bankruptcy.
During 2003, the company earned in freight revenue.
CP Ships was merged with Hapag-Lloyd in 2005. ====British Columbia Coast Steamships==== The Canadian Pacific Railway Coast Service (British Columbia Coast Steamships or BCCS) was established when the CPR acquired in 1901 Canadian Pacific Navigation Company (no relation) and its large fleet of ships that served 72 ports along the coast of British Columbia including on Vancouver Island.
In 2006, the Canadian government issued a formal apology to the Chinese population in Canada for their treatment both during and following the construction of the CPR. By 1883, railway construction was progressing rapidly, but the CPR was in danger of running out of funds.
properties until merged with Raffles Hotels and Resorts and Swissôtel in 2006. ===Airline=== Canadian Pacific Airlines, also called CP Air, operated from 1942 to 1987 and was the main competitor of Canadian government-owned Air Canada.
"Rob" Ritchie |- | 2006–2012 || Fred Green |- | 2012|| Stephen C.
Canadian Pacific Railway formally (but, not legally) shortened its name to Canadian Pacific in early 2007, dropping the word "railway" in order to reflect more operational flexibility.
Shortly after the name revision, Canadian Pacific announced that it had committed to becoming a major sponsor and logistics provider to the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver. On 4 September 2007, CPR announced it was acquiring the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad from London-based Electra Private Equity.
On 4 October 2007, CPR announced that it had completed financial transactions required for the acquisition, placing the DM&E and IC&E in a voting trust with Richard Hamlin appointed as trustee.
The merger was completed as of 31 October 2008. In 2010, four repainted Canadian Pacific AC4400CWs were used in the filming of the movie Unstoppable. On 28 October 2011, in a Schedule 13D filing, the U.S.
Hunter Harrison discontinued the steam program. ===Spirit Train=== In 2008, Canadian Pacific partnered with the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games to present a "Spirit Train" tour that featured Olympic-themed events at various stops.
In October 2008, Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's.
Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978. The company acquired two American lines in 2009: the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad (DM&E) and the Iowa, Chicago and Eastern Railroad (IC&E).
Shortly after the name revision, Canadian Pacific announced that it had committed to becoming a major sponsor and logistics provider to the 2010 Olympic Winter Games in Vancouver. On 4 September 2007, CPR announced it was acquiring the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad from London-based Electra Private Equity.
The merger was completed as of 31 October 2008. In 2010, four repainted Canadian Pacific AC4400CWs were used in the filming of the movie Unstoppable. On 28 October 2011, in a Schedule 13D filing, the U.S.
Hunter Harrison discontinued the steam program. ===Spirit Train=== In 2008, Canadian Pacific partnered with the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games to present a "Spirit Train" tour that featured Olympic-themed events at various stops.
The merger was completed as of 31 October 2008. In 2010, four repainted Canadian Pacific AC4400CWs were used in the filming of the movie Unstoppable. On 28 October 2011, in a Schedule 13D filing, the U.S.
PSCM began acquiring Canadian Pacific shares in 2011.
2816 is the subject of Rocky Mountain Express, a 2011 IMAX film which follows the locomotive on an eastbound journey beginning in Vancouver, and which tells the story of the building of the CPR.
By 1998 the company was bought by the Washington Marine Group which after purchase was renamed Seaspan Coastal Intermodal Company and then subsequently rebranded in 2011 as Seaspan Ferries Corporation.
Just hours before the railway's annual shareholder meeting on Thursday, 17 May 2012, Green and five other board members, including chairman John Cleghorn, resigned.
Hunter Harrison, former president of Canadian National Railway, on 29 June 2012. Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd.
trains resumed regular operations on 1 June 2012 after a nine-day strike by some 4,800 locomotive engineers, conductors and traffic controllers who walked off the job on 23 May, stalling Canadian freight traffic and costing the economy an estimated ().
In October 2012, The Canadian was reduced to twice-weekly for the six-month off-season period, and currently operates three-times-weekly for only six months a year.
2816 has been stored indefinitely since 2012 after CEO E.
"Rob" Ritchie |- | 2006–2012 || Fred Green |- | 2012|| Stephen C.
Tobias (Interim) |- | 2012–2017 || E.
Many of these yards were closed in 2012 and 2013 under Hunter Harrison's company-wide restructuring; only the St.
The strike ended with a government back-to-work bill forcing both sides to come to a binding agreement. On 6 July 2013, a unit train of crude oil which CP had subcontracted to short-line operator Montreal, Maine and Atlantic Railway derailed in Lac-Mégantic, killing 47.
On 14 August 2013, the Quebec government added the CPR, along with lessor World Fuel Services (WFS), to the list of corporate entities from which it seeks reimbursement for the environmental cleanup of the Lac-Mégantic derailment.
It later became a marine museum at Douglas, Michigan, in the United States, before returning to its original homeport of Port McNicoll, Canada in 2013. After the Second World War, passenger traffic declined as automobiles and airplanes became more common, but the CPR continued to innovate in an attempt to keep passenger numbers up.
In 2013 to celebrate the program's 15th year, three signature events were held in Hamilton, Ontario, Calgary, Alberta, and Cottage Grove, Minnesota, to further raise awareness for hunger issues. The trains feature different entertainers each year; in 2016, one train featured Dallas Smith and the Odds, while the other featured Colin James and Kelly Prescott.
Many of these yards were closed in 2012 and 2013 under Hunter Harrison's company-wide restructuring; only the St.
As a matter of fact, in law, CP is not responsible for this cleanup." In February 2014, Harrison called for immediate action to phase-out DOT-111 tank cars, known to be more dangerous in cases of derailment. On 12 October 2014 it was reported that Canadian Pacific had tried to enter into a merger with American railway CSX, but was unsuccessful. In 2015–16 Canadian Pacific sought to merge with American railway Norfolk Southern.
The Central, Maine and Quebec Railway started operations in 2014 after the MMA declared bankruptcy due to the Lac-Mégantic derailment.
Bombardier Transportation assumed control of train operations on 5 May 2014.
As a matter of fact, in law, CP is not responsible for this cleanup." In February 2014, Harrison called for immediate action to phase-out DOT-111 tank cars, known to be more dangerous in cases of derailment. On 12 October 2014 it was reported that Canadian Pacific had tried to enter into a merger with American railway CSX, but was unsuccessful. In 2015–16 Canadian Pacific sought to merge with American railway Norfolk Southern.
CP ultimately terminated its efforts to merge on 11 April 2016. On 18 January 2017 it was announced that Hunter Harrison was retiring from CP and that Keith Creel would become president and chief executive officer of the company effective 31 January 2017. On 4 February 2019, a loaded grain train ran away from the siding at Partridge just above the Upper Spiral Tunnel in Kicking Horse Pass.
Surface Transportation Board, which is expected to be completed by the middle of 2022. ==Freight trains== Over half of CP's freight traffic is in grain (24% of 2016 freight revenue), intermodal freight (22%), and coal (10%) and the vast majority of its profits are made in western Canada.
It also ships chemicals and plastics (12% of 2016 revenue), automotive parts and assembled automobiles (6%), potash (6%), sulphur and other fertilizers (5%), forest products (5%), and various other products (11%).
In 2013 to celebrate the program's 15th year, three signature events were held in Hamilton, Ontario, Calgary, Alberta, and Cottage Grove, Minnesota, to further raise awareness for hunger issues. The trains feature different entertainers each year; in 2016, one train featured Dallas Smith and the Odds, while the other featured Colin James and Kelly Prescott.
CP ultimately terminated its efforts to merge on 11 April 2016. On 18 January 2017 it was announced that Hunter Harrison was retiring from CP and that Keith Creel would become president and chief executive officer of the company effective 31 January 2017. On 4 February 2019, a loaded grain train ran away from the siding at Partridge just above the Upper Spiral Tunnel in Kicking Horse Pass.
Several stops were met by protesters who argued that the games were slated to take place on stolen indigenous land. === CP Canada 150 Train === In 2017, CP ran the CP Canada 150 Train from Port Moody to Ottawa to celebrate Canada's 150th year since Confederation.
Hunter Harrison |- | 2017–Present || Keith Creel |} ==Major facilities== CP owns a large number of large yards and repair shops across their system, which are used for many operations ranging from intermodal terminals to classification yards.
After its 20th anniversary tour in 2018, which hosted Terri Clark, Sam Roberts Band, The Trews and Willy Porter, the tour reported to have raised more than and collected more than of food since 1999. ===Royal Canadian Pacific=== On 7 June 2000, the CPR inaugurated the Royal Canadian Pacific, a luxury excursion service that operates between the months of June and September.
CP ultimately terminated its efforts to merge on 11 April 2016. On 18 January 2017 it was announced that Hunter Harrison was retiring from CP and that Keith Creel would become president and chief executive officer of the company effective 31 January 2017. On 4 February 2019, a loaded grain train ran away from the siding at Partridge just above the Upper Spiral Tunnel in Kicking Horse Pass.
The CPPS say they did a thorough investigation into the actions of the crew, which is now closed and resulted in no charges, while the Alberta Federation of Labour and the Teamsters Canada Rail Conference called for an independent police probe. On 20 November 2019, it was announced that Canadian Pacific would purchase the Central Maine and Quebec Railway from Fortress Transportation and Infrastructure Investors.
On June 4, 2020; Canadian Pacific bought the Central Maine and Quebec. In March 2021, the CP offered US$29 billion to purchase the Kansas City Southern Railway, which would allow the CP to own rail lines across the entire North American continent.
On June 4, 2020; Canadian Pacific bought the Central Maine and Quebec. In March 2021, the CP offered US$29 billion to purchase the Kansas City Southern Railway, which would allow the CP to own rail lines across the entire North American continent.
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