In March 2014, when Textron purchased the Beechcraft and Hawker Aircraft corporations, Cessna ceased operations as a subsidiary company and joined the others as one of the three distinct brands produced by Textron Aviation. ==History== ===Origins=== Clyde Cessna, a farmer in Rago, Kansas, built his own aircraft and flew it in June 1911.
It was founded in 1927 and was purchased by General Dynamics in 1985, then by Textron, Inc., in 1992.
When bankers in Enid refused to lend him more money to build his planes, he moved to Wichita. Cessna Aircraft was formed when Clyde Cessna and Victor Roos became partners in the Cessna-Roos Aircraft Company in 1927.
Shortly afterward, Roos's name was dropped from the company name. The Cessna DC-6 earned certification on the same day as the stock market crash of 1929, October 29, 1929. In 1932, the Cessna Aircraft Company closed its doors due to the Great Depression. However, the Cessna CR-3 custom racer made its first flight in 1933.
Shortly afterward, Roos's name was dropped from the company name. The Cessna DC-6 earned certification on the same day as the stock market crash of 1929, October 29, 1929. In 1932, the Cessna Aircraft Company closed its doors due to the Great Depression. However, the Cessna CR-3 custom racer made its first flight in 1933.
Shortly afterward, Roos's name was dropped from the company name. The Cessna DC-6 earned certification on the same day as the stock market crash of 1929, October 29, 1929. In 1932, the Cessna Aircraft Company closed its doors due to the Great Depression. However, the Cessna CR-3 custom racer made its first flight in 1933.
The plane won the 1933 American Air Race in Chicago and later set a new world speed record for engines smaller than 500 cubic inches by averaging . Cessna's nephews, brothers Dwane and Dwight Wallace, bought the company from Cessna in 1934.
The plane won the 1933 American Air Race in Chicago and later set a new world speed record for engines smaller than 500 cubic inches by averaging . Cessna's nephews, brothers Dwane and Dwight Wallace, bought the company from Cessna in 1934.
They reopened it and began the process of building it into what would become a global success. The Cessna C-37 was introduced in 1937 as Cessna's first seaplane when equipped with Edo floats.
In 1940, Cessna received their largest order to date, when they signed a contract with the U.S.
Later in 1940, the Royal Canadian Air Force placed an order for 180 T-50s. ===Postwar boom=== Cessna returned to commercial production in 1946, after the revocation of wartime production restrictions (L-48), with the release of the Model 120 and Model 140.
Later in 1940, the Royal Canadian Air Force placed an order for 180 T-50s. ===Postwar boom=== Cessna returned to commercial production in 1946, after the revocation of wartime production restrictions (L-48), with the release of the Model 120 and Model 140.
The approach was to introduce a new line of all-metal aircraft that used production tools, dies and jigs, rather than the hand-built tube-and-fabric construction process used before the war. The Model 140 was named by the US Flight Instructors Association as the "Outstanding Plane of the Year", in 1948. Cessna's first helicopter, the Cessna CH-1, received FAA type certification in 1955. Cessna introduced the Cessna 172 in 1956.
Tip tanks do have an advantage of reducing free surface effect of fuel affecting the balance of the aircraft in rolling manoeuvres. ==Aircraft models== As of October 2020, Textron Aviation is producing the following Cessna models: Cessna 172 Skyhawk – high-wing, single piston-engined, four-seat aircraft in production since the 1950s.
Citation, Crusader, Chancellor). ===Company terminology=== Cessna marketing terminology includes: Para-Lift Flaps – Large Fowler flaps Cessna introduced on the 170B in 1952, replacing the narrow chord plain flaps then in use. Land-O-Matic – In 1956, Cessna introduced sprung-steel tricycle landing gear on the 172.
The approach was to introduce a new line of all-metal aircraft that used production tools, dies and jigs, rather than the hand-built tube-and-fabric construction process used before the war. The Model 140 was named by the US Flight Instructors Association as the "Outstanding Plane of the Year", in 1948. Cessna's first helicopter, the Cessna CH-1, received FAA type certification in 1955. Cessna introduced the Cessna 172 in 1956.
The approach was to introduce a new line of all-metal aircraft that used production tools, dies and jigs, rather than the hand-built tube-and-fabric construction process used before the war. The Model 140 was named by the US Flight Instructors Association as the "Outstanding Plane of the Year", in 1948. Cessna's first helicopter, the Cessna CH-1, received FAA type certification in 1955. Cessna introduced the Cessna 172 in 1956.
Citation, Crusader, Chancellor). ===Company terminology=== Cessna marketing terminology includes: Para-Lift Flaps – Large Fowler flaps Cessna introduced on the 170B in 1952, replacing the narrow chord plain flaps then in use. Land-O-Matic – In 1956, Cessna introduced sprung-steel tricycle landing gear on the 172.
During the post-World War II era, Cessna was known as one of the "Big Three" in general aviation aircraft manufacturing, along with Piper and Beechcraft. In 1959, Cessna acquired Aircraft Radio Corporation (ARC), of Boonton, New Jersey, a leading manufacturer of aircraft radios.
Cessna kept ARC as a subsidiary until 1983, selling it to avionics-maker Sperry. In 1960, Cessna acquired McCauley Industrial Corporation, of Ohio, a leading manufacturer of propellers for light aircraft.
McCauley became the world's leading producer of general aviation aircraft propellers, largely through their installation on Cessna airplanes. In 1960, Cessna affiliated itself with Reims Aviation of Reims, France.
The 206 retains the original spring steel landing gear today. Omni-Vision – The rear windows on some Cessna singles, starting with the 182 and 210 in 1962 and followed by the 172 and 150 in 1963 and 1964 respectively.
In 1963, Cessna produced its 50,000th airplane, a Cessna 172. Cessna's first business jet, the Cessna Citation I, performed its maiden flight on September 15, 1969. Cessna produced its 100,000th single-engine airplane in 1975. In 1985, Cessna ceased to be an independent company.
The 206 retains the original spring steel landing gear today. Omni-Vision – The rear windows on some Cessna singles, starting with the 182 and 210 in 1962 and followed by the 172 and 150 in 1963 and 1964 respectively.
The 206 retains the original spring steel landing gear today. Omni-Vision – The rear windows on some Cessna singles, starting with the 182 and 210 in 1962 and followed by the 172 and 150 in 1963 and 1964 respectively.
The introduction of the rear window caused in most models a loss of cruise speed due to the extra drag, while not adding any useful visibility. Cushioned Power – The rubber mounts on the cowling of the 1967 model 150, in addition to the rubber mounts isolating the engine from the cabin. Omni-Flash – The flashing beacon on the tip of the fin that could be seen all around. Open-View – This referred to the removal of the top section of the control wheel in 1967 models.
In 1963, Cessna produced its 50,000th airplane, a Cessna 172. Cessna's first business jet, the Cessna Citation I, performed its maiden flight on September 15, 1969. Cessna produced its 100,000th single-engine airplane in 1975. In 1985, Cessna ceased to be an independent company.
In 1963, Cessna produced its 50,000th airplane, a Cessna 172. Cessna's first business jet, the Cessna Citation I, performed its maiden flight on September 15, 1969. Cessna produced its 100,000th single-engine airplane in 1975. In 1985, Cessna ceased to be an independent company.
Cessna kept ARC as a subsidiary until 1983, selling it to avionics-maker Sperry. In 1960, Cessna acquired McCauley Industrial Corporation, of Ohio, a leading manufacturer of propellers for light aircraft.
It was founded in 1927 and was purchased by General Dynamics in 1985, then by Textron, Inc., in 1992.
In 1963, Cessna produced its 50,000th airplane, a Cessna 172. Cessna's first business jet, the Cessna Citation I, performed its maiden flight on September 15, 1969. Cessna produced its 100,000th single-engine airplane in 1975. In 1985, Cessna ceased to be an independent company.
It was founded in 1927 and was purchased by General Dynamics in 1985, then by Textron, Inc., in 1992.
General Dynamics in turn sold Cessna to Textron in 1992. Late in 2007, Cessna purchased the bankrupt Columbia Aircraft company for US$26.4M and would continue production of the Columbia 350 and 400 as the Cessna 350 and Cessna 400 at the Columbia factory in Bend, Oregon.
General Dynamics in turn sold Cessna to Textron in 1992. Late in 2007, Cessna purchased the bankrupt Columbia Aircraft company for US$26.4M and would continue production of the Columbia 350 and 400 as the Cessna 350 and Cessna 400 at the Columbia factory in Bend, Oregon.
However, production of both aircraft had ended by 2018. ===Chinese production controversy=== On November 27, 2007, Cessna announced the then-new Cessna 162 would be built in the People's Republic of China by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, which is a subsidiary of the China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I), a Chinese government-owned consortium of aircraft manufacturers.
The closures included the new facility that was opened in August 2008 at a cost of US$25M, plus the McCauley Propeller Systems plant.
In early 2009, the company attracted further criticism for continuing plans to build the 162 in China while laying off large numbers of workers in the United States.
"While the economic slowdown has created a difficult business environment, we are encouraged by brisk activity from new and existing propeller fleet operators placing almost 200 orders for 2009 production aircraft," Pelton stated. Beginning in January 2009, a total of 665 jobs were cut at Cessna's Wichita and Bend, Oregon plants.
The remaining 500 jobs were eliminated at the main Cessna Wichita plant. In January 2009, the company laid off an additional 2,000 employees, bringing the total to 4,600.
Other cuts included 200 at the Independence, Kansas, plant that builds the single-engined Cessnas and the Mustang, reducing that facility to 1,300 workers. On April 29, 2009, the company suspended the Citation Columbus program and closed the Bend, Oregon, facility.
The Columbus program was finally cancelled in early July 2009.
Some of the work was relocated to Cessna's Independence, Kansas, or Mexican facilities. Cessna's parent company, Textron, posted a loss of US$8M in the first quarter of 2010, largely driven by continuing low sales at Cessna, which were down 44%.
Half of Cessna's workforce remained laid-off and CEO Jack Pelton stated that he expected the recovery to be long and slow. In September 2010, a further 700 employees were laid off, bringing the total to 8,000 jobs lost.
Pelton added "our strategy is to defend and protect our current markets while investing in products and services to secure our future, but we can do this only if we succeed in restructuring our processes and reducing our costs." === 2010s === On May 2, 2011, CEO Jack J.
Pelton added "our strategy is to defend and protect our current markets while investing in products and services to secure our future, but we can do this only if we succeed in restructuring our processes and reducing our costs." === 2010s === On May 2, 2011, CEO Jack J.
Ernest, started on May 31, 2011.
Ernest previously worked for Textron CEO Scott Donnelly when both worked at General Electric. In September 2011, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) proposed a US$2.4 million fine against the company for its failure to follow quality assurance requirements while producing fiberglass components at its plant in Chihuahua, Mexico.
The investigation resulted in an emergency Airworthiness Directive that affected 13 Cessna 400s. Since March 2012, Cessna has been pursuing building business jets in China as part of a joint venture with Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC).
The company stated that it intends to eventually build all aircraft models in China, saying "The agreements together pave the way for a range of business jets, utility single-engine turboprops and single-engine piston aircraft to be manufactured and certified in China." In late April 2012, the company added 150 workers in Wichita as a result of anticipated increased demand for aircraft production.
In March 2014, when Textron purchased the Beechcraft and Hawker Aircraft corporations, Cessna ceased operations as a subsidiary company and joined the others as one of the three distinct brands produced by Textron Aviation. ==History== ===Origins=== Clyde Cessna, a farmer in Rago, Kansas, built his own aircraft and flew it in June 1911.
However, production of both aircraft had ended by 2018. ===Chinese production controversy=== On November 27, 2007, Cessna announced the then-new Cessna 162 would be built in the People's Republic of China by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, which is a subsidiary of the China Aviation Industry Corporation I (AVIC I), a Chinese government-owned consortium of aircraft manufacturers.
Tip tanks do have an advantage of reducing free surface effect of fuel affecting the balance of the aircraft in rolling manoeuvres. ==Aircraft models== As of October 2020, Textron Aviation is producing the following Cessna models: Cessna 172 Skyhawk – high-wing, single piston-engined, four-seat aircraft in production since the 1950s.
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