In Kanem, about a third of the population were slaves. French colonial expansion led to the creation of the Territoire Militaire des Pays et Protectorats du Tchad in 1900.
France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.
By 1920, France had secured full control of the colony and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa.
French rule in Chad was characterised by an absence of policies to unify the territory and sluggish modernisation compared to other French colonies. The French primarily viewed the colony as an unimportant source of untrained labour and raw cotton; France introduced large-scale cotton production in 1929.
In 1960, Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye.
Chad was granted independence on 11 August 1960 with the PPT's leader, François Tombalbaye, an ethnic Sara, as its first president. Two years later, Tombalbaye banned opposition parties and established a one-party system.
Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965.
In 1965, Muslims in the north, led by the National Liberation Front of Chad (Front de libération nationale du Tchad, FRONILAT), began a civil war.
Tombalbaye was overthrown and killed in 1975, but the insurgency continued.
The Chadian–Libyan conflict erupted in 1978 by the Libyan invasion which stopped in 1987 with a French military intervention (Operation Épervier).
In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the South's hegemony.
In 1979 the rebel factions led by Hissène Habré took the capital, and all central authority in the country collapsed.
The Chadian–Libyan conflict erupted in 1978 by the Libyan invasion which stopped in 1987 with a French military intervention (Operation Épervier).
Libya's adventure ended in disaster in 1987; the French-supported president, Hissène Habré, evoked a united response from Chadians of a kind never seen before and forced the Libyan army off Chadian soil. Habré consolidated his dictatorship through a power system that relied on corruption and violence with thousands of people estimated to have been killed under his rule.
Hissène Habré was overthrown in turn in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby.
His general, Idriss Déby, overthrew him in 1990.
With French support, a modernization of the Chad National Army was initiated in 1991.
Chadians approved a new constitution by referendum, and in 1996, Déby easily won a competitive presidential election.
Some of the most important African archaeological sites are found in Chad, mainly in the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region; some date to earlier than 2000 BC. For more than 2,000 years, the Chadian Basin has been inhabited by agricultural and sedentary people.
As of 2002, there were at least 134 species of mammals, 509 species of birds (354 species of residents and 155 migrants), and over 1,600 species of plants throughout the country. Elephants, lions, buffalo,
Since 2003 the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation.
Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.
Oil exploitation began in Chad in 2003, bringing with it hopes that Chad would, at last, have some chances of peace and prosperity.
Attempts to prosecute Habré led to his placement under house arrest in Senegal in 2005; in 2013, Habré was formally charged with war crimes committed during his rule.
Déby unilaterally modified the constitution to remove the two-term limit on the presidency; this caused an uproar among the civil society and opposition parties. In 2006 Déby won a third mandate in elections that the opposition boycotted.
In 2006 and in 2008 rebel forces attempted to take the capital by force, but failed on both occasions.
In 2006 and in 2008 rebel forces attempted to take the capital by force, but failed on both occasions.
An agreement for the restoration of harmony between Chad and Sudan, signed 15 January 2010, marked the end of a five-year war.
Attempts to prosecute Habré led to his placement under house arrest in Senegal in 2005; in 2013, Habré was formally charged with war crimes committed during his rule.
In May 2013, security forces in Chad foiled a coup against President Idriss Déby that had been in preparation for several months. Chad is currently one of the leading partners in a West African coalition in the fight against Boko Haram and other Islamist militants.
In May 2016, he was found guilty of human-rights abuses, including rape, sexual slavery, and ordering the killing of 40,000 people, and sentenced to life in prison. Déby attempted to reconcile the rebel groups and reintroduced multiparty politics.
After President Déby was killed by FACT rebels in April 2021, the Transitional Military Council led by his son Mahamat Déby assumed control of the government and dissolved the Assembly.
Chad's army announced the death of Déby on 20 April 2021.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05