Donnelly for mentioning an 1839 reference to chemical engineering in relation to the production of sulfuric acid.
"Chemical engineering", describing the use of mechanical equipment in the chemical industry, became common vocabulary in England after 1850.
The History of Science in United States: An Encyclopedia puts the use of the term around 1890.
By 1910, the profession, "chemical engineer," was already in common use in Britain and the United States. ==History== ===New concepts and innovations=== In 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone were insufficient in developing chemical reactors.
By 1910, the profession, "chemical engineer," was already in common use in Britain and the United States. ==History== ===New concepts and innovations=== In 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone were insufficient in developing chemical reactors.
Advancements in biochemical engineering in the 1940s, for example, found application in the pharmaceutical industry, and allowed for the mass production of various antibiotics, including penicillin and streptomycin.
Meanwhile, progress in polymer science in the 1950s paved way for the "age of plastics". ===Safety and hazard developments=== Concerns regarding the safety and environmental impact of large-scale chemical manufacturing facilities were also raised during this period.
While the predominance of unit operations in chemical engineering courses in Britain and the United States continued until the 1960s, transport phenomena started to experience greater focus.
Silent Spring, published in 1962, alerted its readers to the harmful effects of DDT, a potent insecticide.
By the 1970s, legislation and monitoring agencies were instituted in various countries, such as France, Germany, and the United States. ===Recent progress=== Advancements in computer science found applications designing and managing plants, simplifying calculations and drawings that previously had to be done manually.
The 1974 Flixborough disaster in the United Kingdom resulted in 28 deaths, as well as damage to a chemical plant and three nearby villages.
In response, the IChemE required safety to be part of every degree course that it accredited after 1982.
The 1984 Bhopal disaster in India resulted in almost 4,000 deaths.
Such bodies include the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) or the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE). A degree in chemical engineering is directly linked with all of the other engineering disciplines, to various extents. ==Etymology== A 1996 British Journal for the History of Science article cites James F.
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