Indicatively, while in 1764, Chios had 6 vessels with 90 sailors on record, in 1875 there were 104 ships with over 60,000 registered tonnes, and in 1889 were recorded 440 sailing ships of various types with 3,050 sailors.
Locals refer to Chios town as Chora (Χώρα literally means land or country, but usually refers to the capital or a settlement at the highest point of a Greek island). It was also the site of the Chios massacre, in which tens of thousands of Greeks on the island were massacred by Ottoman troops during the Greek War of Independence in 1822. ==Geography== Chios island is crescent or kidney shaped, long from north to south, and at its widest, covering an area of .
The monastery had substantial estates attached, with a thriving community until the massacre of 1822.
However, in March 1822, several hundred armed Greeks from the neighbouring island of Samos landed in Chios.
Xanthakes: Chios: hekato chronia photographies, 1850–1950.
(Chios: One Hundred Years of Photographs, 1850–1950).
Indicatively, while in 1764, Chios had 6 vessels with 90 sailors on record, in 1875 there were 104 ships with over 60,000 registered tonnes, and in 1889 were recorded 440 sailing ships of various types with 3,050 sailors.
The town was substantially damaged by an earthquake in 1881, and only partially retains its original character. North of Chios Town lies the large suburb of Vrontados (population 4,500), which claims to be the birthplace of Homer.
It was further damaged during the 1881 earthquake.
Finally, Chios was not included in the modern Greek state and remained under Ottoman rule. In 1881, an earthquake, estimated as 6.5 on the moment magnitude scale, damaged a large portion of the island's buildings and resulted in great loss of life.
Indicatively, while in 1764, Chios had 6 vessels with 90 sailors on record, in 1875 there were 104 ships with over 60,000 registered tonnes, and in 1889 were recorded 440 sailing ships of various types with 3,050 sailors.
Maisonneuve, Libraire-Éditeur, Paris 1903.
The Greek Navy liberated Chios in November 1912 in a hard-fought, but brief amphibious operation.
They landed on 17 February 1916.
This may have been due to the island's proximity to the Ottoman Empire and the city of İzmir in particular. It was affected also by the population exchange after the Greco–Turkish War of 1919–1922, with the incoming Greek refugees settling in Kastro (previously a Turkish neighborhood) and in new settlements hurriedly built south of Chios town. The island saw some local violence during the Greek Civil War setting neighbour against neighbour.
In March 1948, the island was used as an internment camp for female political detainees (communists or relatives of guerillas) and their children, who were housed in military barracks near the town of Chios.
Up to 1300 women and 50 children were housed in cramped and degrading conditions, until March 1949 when the camp was closed and the inhabitants moved to Trikeri. The production of mastic was threatened by the Chios forest fire that swept the southern half of the island in August 2012 and destroyed some mastic groves. By 2015, Chios had become a transit point for refugees and asylum seekers entering the EU from Turkey.
In 1952, due to the shortage of monks, Nea Moni was converted to a convent. ===Climate=== The island's climate is warm and moderate, categorised as Temperate, Mediterranean (Csa), with modest variation due to the stabilising effect of the surrounding sea.
The size and duration of these settlements have therefore not been well-established. The British School at Athens under the direction of Sinclair Hood excavated the Emporeio site in 1952–1955, and most current information comes from these digs.
Tison, London 1962. Michales G.
The Greek Archaeological Service has also been excavating periodically on Chios since 1970, though much of its work on the island remains unpublished. The noticeable uniformity in the size of houses at Emporeio leads some scholars to believe that there may have been little social distinction during the Neolithic era on the island.
National Bank of Greece, Athens 1974. Charalambos Th.
Chr.), neomartyr of the Orthodox Church Andrea Bianco (15th century), Genoese cartographer resided on Chios In 1982, Ruth Durlacher hypothesised that Chios was Christopher Columbus's birthplace.
Melissa, Athens 1984. Athena Zacharou-Loutrari, Vaso Penna, Tasoula Mandala: Chios: History and Art.
The Chios Prefecture, Chios 1989.
Akritas Publications, Nea Smyrni 1992, . Charalambos Th.
Synolo, Athens 1996, . Eleftherios Yalouris: The Archeology and Early History of Chios.
The current castle, with a perimeter of , was principally constructed during the time of Venetian and Ottoman rule, although remains have been found dating settlements there back to 2000 B.C.
When the Athenians formed the Delian League, Chios joined as one of the few members who did not have to pay tribute but who supplied ships to the alliance. By the fifth to fourth centuries BC, the island had grown to an estimated population of over 120,000 (two to three times the estimated population in 2005), based on the huge necropolis at the main city of Chios.
Up to 1300 women and 50 children were housed in cramped and degrading conditions, until March 1949 when the camp was closed and the inhabitants moved to Trikeri. The production of mastic was threatened by the Chios forest fire that swept the southern half of the island in August 2012 and destroyed some mastic groves. By 2015, Chios had become a transit point for refugees and asylum seekers entering the EU from Turkey.
Up to 1300 women and 50 children were housed in cramped and degrading conditions, until March 1949 when the camp was closed and the inhabitants moved to Trikeri. The production of mastic was threatened by the Chios forest fire that swept the southern half of the island in August 2012 and destroyed some mastic groves. By 2015, Chios had become a transit point for refugees and asylum seekers entering the EU from Turkey.
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