Second, Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (Section 9 of the Communications Decency Act / Section 509 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996) has been interpreted to say that operators of Internet services are not publishers (and thus not legally liable for the words of third parties who use their services). ==Anti-indecency and anti-obscenity provisions== The act's most controversial portions were those relating to indecency on the Internet.
But the Internet had only recently been opened to commercial interests by the 1992 amendment to the National Science Foundation Act and thus had not been taken into consideration by previous laws.
Senators James Exon and Slade Gorton introduced it to the Senate Committee of Commerce, Science, and Transportation in 1995.
The amendment that became the CDA was added to the Telecommunications Act in the Senate by an 81–18 vote on June 15, 1995. As eventually passed by Congress, Title V affected the Internet (and online communications) in two significant ways.
The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) was the United States Congress's first notable attempt to regulate pornographic material on the Internet.
ACLU, the United States Supreme Court struck the act's anti-indecency provisions. The Act is the short name of Title V of the Telecommunications Act of 1996, as specified in Section 501 of the 1996 Act.
Second, Section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (Section 9 of the Communications Decency Act / Section 509 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996) has been interpreted to say that operators of Internet services are not publishers (and thus not legally liable for the words of third parties who use their services). ==Anti-indecency and anti-obscenity provisions== The act's most controversial portions were those relating to indecency on the Internet.
Online civil liberties organizations arranged protests against the bill, such as the Black World Wide Web protest, which encouraged webmasters to make their sites' backgrounds black for 48 hours after its passage, and the Electronic Frontier Foundation's Blue Ribbon Online Free Speech Campaign. ===Legal challenges=== On June 12, 1996, a panel of federal judges in Philadelphia blocked part of the CDA, saying it would infringe upon adults' free speech rights.
In the 1997 landmark case Reno v.
On June 26, 1997, the Supreme Court upheld the Philadelphia court's decision in Reno v.
Court injunction blocked enforcement of the first, the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), almost immediately after its passage in 1998; the law was later overturned.
Shea, the next day, without a published opinion.) In 2003, Congress amended the CDA to remove the indecency provisions struck down in Reno v.
Gonzales, was rejected by a federal court in New York in 2005.
The Supreme Court summarily affirmed that decision in 2006. Congress has made two narrower attempts to regulate children's exposure to Internet indecency since the Supreme Court overturned the CDA.
On May 31, 2016, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that the Communications Decency Act does not bar the plaintiff's failure to warn claim. ==See also== Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act portion of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which contingently protects online service providers from liability for copyright infringement Stanley v.
House of Representatives in April 2017.
Senate in August 2017.
The combined FOSTA-SESTA package passed the House on February 27, 2018, with a vote of 388–25 and the Senate on March 21, 2018, with a vote of 97–2.
President Donald Trump signed the package into law on April 11, 2018. The bill makes it illegal to knowingly assist, facilitate, or support sex trafficking, and amends the Communications Decency Act's section 230 safe harbors (which make online services immune from civil liability for their users' actions) to exclude enforcement of federal or state sex trafficking laws from immunity.
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