John Clements Wickham named the region "Port Darwin" in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage, which ended in October 1836.
On 9 September 1839, sailed into Darwin harbour during its survey of the area.
The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of on 9 September 1839.
The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle. In 1863, the Northern Territory was transferred from New South Wales to South Australia.
In 1864 South Australia sent B.
This attempt was short-lived, however, and the settlement abandoned by 1865.
The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, but it was renamed Darwin in 1911.
On 5 February 1869, George Goyder, the Surveyor-General of South Australia, established a small settlement of 135 people at Port Darwin between Fort Hill and the escarpment.
In 1870, the first poles for the Overland Telegraph were erected in Darwin, connecting Australia to the rest of the world.
Many passengers who perished were Darwin residents and news of the tragedy severely affected the small community, which reportedly took several years to recover. In the 1870s, relatively large numbers of Chinese settled at least temporarily in the Northern Territory; many were contracted to work the goldfields and later to build the Palmerston to Pine Creek railway.
The discovery of gold by employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line digging holes for telegraph poles at Pine Creek in the 1880s spawned a gold rush, which further boosted the young colony's development. In February 1872 the brigantine Alexandra was the first private vessel to sail from an English port directly to Darwin, carrying people many of whom were coming to recent gold finds. In early 1875 Darwin's white population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush.
The discovery of gold by employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line digging holes for telegraph poles at Pine Creek in the 1880s spawned a gold rush, which further boosted the young colony's development. In February 1872 the brigantine Alexandra was the first private vessel to sail from an English port directly to Darwin, carrying people many of whom were coming to recent gold finds. In early 1875 Darwin's white population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush.
On 17 February 1875 the left Darwin en route for Adelaide.
The discovery of gold by employees of the Australian Overland Telegraph Line digging holes for telegraph poles at Pine Creek in the 1880s spawned a gold rush, which further boosted the young colony's development. In February 1872 the brigantine Alexandra was the first private vessel to sail from an English port directly to Darwin, carrying people many of whom were coming to recent gold finds. In early 1875 Darwin's white population had grown to approximately 300 because of the gold rush.
Browns Mart is a stone building dating from 1880 opposite the park.
The Administrator's Office dating from 1883 was used as a law court and as a police station and was only slightly damaged by bombs.
Opposite the building Survivors Lookout offers a view of the marina. In a park in the south of the CBD, the ruin of the Town Hall that had been built in 1883 and destroyed by the cyclone in 1974 can be seen.
Originally Browns Mart was the bourse of a mining company but later it was transformed into a theatre. One of the most prominent buildings of Darwin is the Chinese Temple, which was founded in 1887 and damaged by cyclones in 1897 and in 1937.
By 1888 there were 6122 Chinese in the Northern Territory, mostly in or around Darwin.
However, at the end of the nineteenth century anti-Chinese feelings grew in response to the 1890s economic depression, and the White Australia policy meant many Chinese left the territory.
The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is at around . Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from on 17 October 1892 to on 25 June 1891; while extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is further from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from on 18 October 1982 to on 29 July 1942.
The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is at around . Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from on 17 October 1892 to on 25 June 1891; while extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is further from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from on 18 October 1982 to on 29 July 1942.
The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, and Cyclone Tracy in 1974. == History == ===Pre-20th century=== The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area.
Originally Browns Mart was the bourse of a mining company but later it was transformed into a theatre. One of the most prominent buildings of Darwin is the Chinese Temple, which was founded in 1887 and damaged by cyclones in 1897 and in 1937.
The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains.
The settlement there became the town of Palmerston in 1869, but it was renamed Darwin in 1911.
However, some families stayed, became Australian citizens, and established a commercial base in Darwin. ===Early 20th century=== The Northern Territory was initially settled and administered by South Australia, until its transfer to the Commonwealth in 1911.
In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin. The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918.
Darwin City Council has designated an area of Casuarina Beach as a free beach, which has been designated as a nudist beach area since 1976. Bundilla Beach was formerly named Vesteys Beach, as it was one of the beaches overlooked by Vestey's Meatworks, which existed from 1914 to 1920 and which was involved in the Darwin rebellion.
In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin. The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918.
In the same year, the city's official name changed from Palmerston to Darwin. The period between 1911 and 1919 was filled with political turmoil, particularly with trade union unrest, which culminated on 17 December 1918.
On 10 December 1919 Captain Ross Smith and his crew landed in Darwin and won a £10,000 Prize from the Australian Government for completing the first flight from London to Australia in under thirty days.
Darwin City Council has designated an area of Casuarina Beach as a free beach, which has been designated as a nudist beach area since 1976. Bundilla Beach was formerly named Vesteys Beach, as it was one of the beaches overlooked by Vestey's Meatworks, which existed from 1914 to 1920 and which was involved in the Darwin rebellion.
The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains.
Today Darwin provides a staging ground for military exercises. Darwin was a compulsory stopover and checkpoint in the London-to-Melbourne Centenary Air Race in 1934.
Scott. The following is an excerpt from Time magazine, 29 October 1934: The Australian Aviation Heritage Centre is approximately from the city centre on the Stuart Highway and is one of only two places outside the United States where a B-52 bomber (on permanent loan from the United States Air Force) is on public display. == Geography == Darwin lies in the Northern Territory on the Timor Sea.
The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, and Cyclone Tracy in 1974. == History == ===Pre-20th century=== The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area.
Originally Browns Mart was the bourse of a mining company but later it was transformed into a theatre. One of the most prominent buildings of Darwin is the Chinese Temple, which was founded in 1887 and damaged by cyclones in 1897 and in 1937.
On 19 February 1942 at 0957, 188 Japanese warplanes attacked Darwin in two waves.
The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is at around . Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from on 17 October 1892 to on 25 June 1891; while extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is further from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from on 18 October 1982 to on 29 July 1942.
In 1942 it was severely damaged by bombs and rebuilt after the war.
Christ Church Anglican Cathedral was rebuilt in 1977 after it had been severely damaged by bombs in 1942 and destroyed by cyclone Tracy in 1974.
The city has been governed by a city council form of government since 1957.
On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status. ===1970–present day=== On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the city's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces generated by the strong winds.
Darwin, like many other Australian cities, experienced influxes from Europe, with significant numbers of Italians and Greeks during the 1960s and 1970s.
The Uniting Memorial Church was built in 1960. === Beaches === During the months of October–May the sea contains deadly box jellyfish, known locally as stingers or sea wasps.
St Mary's Star of the Sea Roman Catholic Cathedral was inaugurated in 1962.
The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains.
The town was subsequently rebuilt with newer materials and techniques during the late 1970s by the Darwin Reconstruction Commission, led by former Brisbane Lord mayor Clem Jones.
Darwin, like many other Australian cities, experienced influxes from Europe, with significant numbers of Italians and Greeks during the 1960s and 1970s.
The city has been almost entirely rebuilt four times, following devastation caused by the 1897 cyclone, the 1937 cyclone, Japanese air raids during World War II, and Cyclone Tracy in 1974. == History == ===Pre-20th century=== The Aboriginal people of the Larrakia language group are the traditional custodians and the first inhabitants of the greater Darwin area.
On Australia Day (26 January) 1959, Darwin was granted city status. ===1970–present day=== On 25 December 1974, Darwin was struck by Cyclone Tracy, which killed 71 people and destroyed over 70% of the city's buildings, including many old stone buildings such as the Palmerston Town Hall, which could not withstand the lateral forces generated by the strong winds.
In 1974, however, it was completely destroyed by the cyclone.
Opposite the building Survivors Lookout offers a view of the marina. In a park in the south of the CBD, the ruin of the Town Hall that had been built in 1883 and destroyed by the cyclone in 1974 can be seen.
On 24 December 1974 it was completely destroyed by the cyclone.
Christ Church Anglican Cathedral was rebuilt in 1977 after it had been severely damaged by bombs in 1942 and destroyed by cyclone Tracy in 1974.
Darwin City Council has designated an area of Casuarina Beach as a free beach, which has been designated as a nudist beach area since 1976. Bundilla Beach was formerly named Vesteys Beach, as it was one of the beaches overlooked by Vestey's Meatworks, which existed from 1914 to 1920 and which was involved in the Darwin rebellion.
Christ Church Anglican Cathedral was rebuilt in 1977 after it had been severely damaged by bombs in 1942 and destroyed by cyclone Tracy in 1974.
The reconstruction was completed in 1978. There are various modern churches in Darwin.
The Darwin Convention Centre is part of the $1.1 billion Darwin Waterfront project. Darwin's only casino opened in 1979 as the Don Casino, operating out of the Don Hotel on Cavenagh Street.
In 1979 it was decided to rebuild, and the reconstruction was finished in 1981.
A satellite city of Palmerston was built east of Darwin in the early 1980s. On 17 September 2003 the Adelaide–Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs-Darwin standard-gauge line. === Aviation history === Darwin has played host to many of aviation's early pioneers.
Palmerston is a satellite city east of Darwin that was established in the 1980s and is one of the fastest-growing municipalities in Australia.
In 1979 it was decided to rebuild, and the reconstruction was finished in 1981.
The 3pm dewpoint average in the wet season is at around . Extreme temperatures at the Darwin Post Office Station have ranged from on 17 October 1892 to on 25 June 1891; while extreme temperatures at the Darwin Airport station (which is further from the coast and routinely records cooler temperatures than the post office station, which is in Darwin's CBD) have ranged from on 18 October 1982 to on 29 July 1942.
The present site of the hotel and casino on Darwin's Mindil Beach opened in 1983, at which point gambling operations ceased at the Don Hotel and commenced at the newly built facilities.
The new hotel and casino was named Mindil Beach Casino until 1985, when the name changed to the Diamond Beach Hotel Casino.
The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains.
The race has a 20-year history spanning nine races, with the inaugural event taking place in 1987. The Royal Darwin Show is held annually in July at the Winnellie Showgrounds.
Entertainment and side shows are also included over the 3 days of the event. === Arts and entertainment === The Darwin Symphony Orchestra was first assembled in 1989 and has performed throughout the Territory.
Every two years since 1991 (excluding 2003 due to the SARS outbreak), Darwin has hosted the Arafura Games, a major regional sporting event.
There were 26,695 or 23.3 percent of people professing no religion. == Law and government == The Darwin City Council (incorporated under the Northern Territory Local Government Act 1993) governs the City of Darwin, which takes in the CBD and the suburbs.
A ferry service to the Tiwi Islands, the Arafura Pearl, operates from Cullen Bay. Darwin has a deepwater port, East Arm Wharf, which opened in 2000.
A satellite city of Palmerston was built east of Darwin in the early 1980s. On 17 September 2003 the Adelaide–Darwin railway was completed, with the opening of the Alice Springs-Darwin standard-gauge line. === Aviation history === Darwin has played host to many of aviation's early pioneers.
An outbreak of non-deadly jellyfish in 2003 caused its closure for a brief period of time.
Every two years since 1991 (excluding 2003 due to the SARS outbreak), Darwin has hosted the Arafura Games, a major regional sporting event.
In July 2003, the city hosted its first international test cricket match between Australia and Bangladesh, followed by Australia and Sri Lanka in 2004. Australian-rules football is played all year round.
In 2003, a record crowd of 17,500 attended a pre-season game between the All-Stars and Carlton Football Club at Marrara. Rugby League and Rugby Union club competitions are played in Darwin each year, organised by the NTRL and NTRU respectively.
While it is not as popular as the Melbourne Cup, it does draw a crowd and, in 2003, Sky Racing began televising most of the races.
The Alice Springs-to-Darwin rail line was completed in 2003, linking Darwin to Adelaide.
The suburb of Lyons was part of a multi-stage land release and development in the Northern Suburbs; planning, development and construction took place from 2004 to 2009.
Upon the acquisition by MGM Grand the hotel was re-branded as the MGM Grand Darwin, before it changed to Skycity Darwin after Skycity Entertainment Group purchased the hotel in 2004. The Northern Territory Museum and Art Gallery (MAGNT) in Darwin gives an overview of the history of the area, including exhibits on Cyclone Tracy and the boats of the Pacific Islands.
In July 2003, the city hosted its first international test cricket match between Australia and Bangladesh, followed by Australia and Sri Lanka in 2004. Australian-rules football is played all year round.
The first service ran in 2004.
During 2005, a number of major construction projects started in Darwin.
In 2005–2006, 1.38 million people visited the Northern Territory.
The Chinese New Year is also celebrated with great festivity, highlighting the East Asian influence in Darwin. The Seabreeze festival, which first started in 2005, is held on the second week of May in the suburb of Nightcliff.
The tourism industry directly employed 8,391 Territorians in June 2006, and, when indirect employment is included, tourism typically accounts for more than 14,000 jobs across the Territory. Darwin is a hub for tours to Kakadu National Park, Litchfield National Park and Katherine Gorge.
Prior to the sale and restructuring of Kormilda College in 2018, it was the only school to offer the International Baccalaureate in the Northern Territory. Schools have been restructured into Primary, Middle, and High schools since the beginning of 2007. === Tertiary and vocational === Darwin's largest university is the Charles Darwin University, which is the central provider of tertiary education in the Northern Territory.
Artists such as Jessica Mauboy and The Groovesmiths call Darwin home. There have been no major films set in Darwin; however, some scenes for Australia by Baz Luhrmann and Black Water were both shot in Darwin in 2007. Mitchell Street in the central business district is lined with nightclubs, takeaways, and restaurants.
Other theatres include the Darwin Convention Centre, which opened in July 2008.
Commercial television channels are provided by Seven Darwin (Seven Network affiliate), Nine Darwin (formerly branded as Channel 8) and Ten Darwin (Network Ten relay), which launched on 28 April 2008.
The suburb of Lyons was part of a multi-stage land release and development in the Northern Suburbs; planning, development and construction took place from 2004 to 2009.
It was credited with success in tackling alcohol abuse linked to crime, and the NT police were looking at establishing a specialist licensing enforcement unit in 2010. The First Response Patrol, run by Larrakia Nation, which helps to move homeless Indigenous women out of dangerous situations, was credited with the fall in sexual assaults in 2009.
It was credited with success in tackling alcohol abuse linked to crime, and the NT police were looking at establishing a specialist licensing enforcement unit in 2010. The First Response Patrol, run by Larrakia Nation, which helps to move homeless Indigenous women out of dangerous situations, was credited with the fall in sexual assaults in 2009.
Darwin's highest Bureau of Meteorology verified daily rainfall total is , which fell when Cyclone Carlos bore down on the Darwin area on 16 February 2011.
February 2011 was also Darwin's wettest month ever recorded, with recorded for the month at the airport. The hottest months are October and November, just before the onset of the main rain season.
On 16 November 2011, Prime Minister Julia Gillard and President Barack Obama announced that the United States would station troops in Australia for the first time since World War II.
For a 147‑day period during the 2012 dry season, from 5 May to 29 September, Darwin recorded no precipitation whatsoever.
The agreement between the United States and Australia would involve a contingent of 250 Marines arriving in Darwin in 2012, with the total number rising to a maximum of 2,500 troops by 2017 on six-month rotations as well as a supporting air element including F-22 Raptors, F-35 Joint Strike Fighters and KC-135 refuelers.
Marines had arrived in Darwin from Hawaii on late 3 April 2012.
In 2013, further news of other expansion vectors was aired in US media, with no comment or confirmation from Australian authorities.
The highest minimum temperature on record is on 18 January 1928 for the post office station and on both 25 November 1987 and 17 December 2014 for the airport station, while the lowest maximum temperature on record is on 3 June 1904 for the post office station and on 14 July 1968 for the airport station. The wet season is associated with tropical cyclones and monsoon rains.
Marine numbers based in Darwin increased to more than 1,150 troops by 2014.
A significant percentage of Darwin's residents are recent immigrants from Asia, including the peoples of East Timor. At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were: 38.3% of the population at the 2016 census was born overseas.
The five largest groups of overseas-born were from the Philippines (3.6%), England (3.1%), New Zealand (2.1%), India (2%) and Greece (0.9%). 8.7% of the population, or 11,960 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016.
This is the largest proportion of any Australian capital city. ===Language=== At the 2016 census, 58% of the population spoke only English at home.
The mayor is Kon Vatskalis after council elections in August 2017. The rest of the Darwin area is divided into two local government areas—the Palmerston City Council and the Shire of Coomalie.
The agreement between the United States and Australia would involve a contingent of 250 Marines arriving in Darwin in 2012, with the total number rising to a maximum of 2,500 troops by 2017 on six-month rotations as well as a supporting air element including F-22 Raptors, F-35 Joint Strike Fighters and KC-135 refuelers.
Prior to the sale and restructuring of Kormilda College in 2018, it was the only school to offer the International Baccalaureate in the Northern Territory. Schools have been restructured into Primary, Middle, and High schools since the beginning of 2007. === Tertiary and vocational === Darwin's largest university is the Charles Darwin University, which is the central provider of tertiary education in the Northern Territory.
Darwin Private Hospital is operated and owned by Healthscope Ltd, a private hospital corporation. A new hospital called Palmerston Regional Hospital was opened in August 2018 to help ease the pressure of patient numbers at the Royal Darwin Hospital. === Transport === The Territory's public transport services are managed by the Department of Lands and Planning, Public Transport Division.
With a 2019 estimated population of 147,255, it has more residents than the rest of the sparsely populated Northern Territory.
In a 2019 telephone survey of local residents, 51% of respondents had positive feelings about the U.S.
In March 2021, the beach was formally renamed Bundilla Beach, the name by which it had long been known to the traditional owners, the Larrakia people. The Darwin Surf Lifesaving Club operates long boats and surf skis and provides events and lifesaving accreditations. ===Fishing=== Fishing is a popular recreation among Darwin locals.
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