According to a research based on place-names made by István Kniezsa, 511 villages of Transylvania and Banat appear in documents at the end of the 13th century, however only 3 of them bore Romanian names, and around 1400 AD, Transylvania and Banat consisted of 1757 villages, though only 76 (4.3%) of them had names of Romanian origin.
Mass migrations did not occur until the 17th century, the largest waves being in 1718 and 1760–1770; they were primarily connected to the economic conditions of the period.
Between 1711 and 1780, German-speaking settlers immigrated to the regions of Southern Hungary, mostly region of Bánát, Bács-Bodrog, Baranya and Tolna counties (as well as into present-day Romania and Yugoslavia), which had been depopulated by the Ottoman wars.
Due to post-Ottoman resettlements, the regions of Vojvodina, Banat and Békés county received bigger Slovak communities in the 18th century, which revitalized many deserted villages and towns, such as Békéscsaba, where Slovaks became the biggest ethnic group, or Nyíregyháza, where they comprised more than a third of the population in 1881.
Nowadays, more than nine-tenths of the population is ethnically Hungarian and speaks Hungarian as the mother tongue. ===900–1910=== ==Vital statistics from 1900== Source: Hungarian Central Statistical Office ===Current vital statistics=== ===Infant mortality rate=== The infant mortality rate (IMR) decreased considerably after WW II.
However, according to the Czechoslovak census in 1921, there were 2,025,003 (67,5%) Slovaks, 650,597 (21,7%) Hungarians, 145,844 (4,9%) Germans, 88,970 (3,0%) Ruthenians and 90,456 (3,0%) others including Jews. In Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukraine): 330,010 Ruthenians and 275,932 others (mostly Hungarians, Germans, Romanians, and Slovaks) In Transylvania (Romania): 2,831,222 Romanians (53.8%) and 2,431,273 others (mostly Hungarians - 1,662,948 (31.6%) and Germans - 563,087 (10.7%).
The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased. Note: 300.000 Hungarian refugees fled to Hungary from the territory of successor states (Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) after the WW I. ====From 1938 to 1945==== Hungary expanded its borders and regained territories from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia at the outset of the war.
The percentage and the absolute number of all non-Hungarian nationalities decreased in the next decades, although the total population of the country increased. Note: 300.000 Hungarian refugees fled to Hungary from the territory of successor states (Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia) after the WW I. ====From 1938 to 1945==== Hungary expanded its borders and regained territories from Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia at the outset of the war.
In 1949, the IMR was 91.0.
Hungary's population has been slowly declining since 1980. ==Population== The population composition at the foundation of Hungary (895) depends on the size of the arriving Hungarian population and the size of the Slavic (and remains of Avar-Slavic) population at the time.
Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia (Prekmurje) are also host to a number of ethnic Hungarians. ====2001–2011==== Note: In 2001 570,537, in 2011 1,398,731 people did not give answer for ethnicity.
In 2001, there were around 5,000 Slovenes in Hungary. ====Jews==== The first historical document about Jews of Hungary is the letter written about 960 to King Joseph of the Khazars by Hasdai ibn Shaprut, the Jewish statesman of Córdoba, in which he says Jews living in "the country of Hungarin".
Austria (in Burgenland), Croatia, and Slovenia (Prekmurje) are also host to a number of ethnic Hungarians. ====2001–2011==== Note: In 2001 570,537, in 2011 1,398,731 people did not give answer for ethnicity.
In 2011, 131,951 people declared to be German in Hungary (1,6%). ====Rusyns==== Rusyns had lived mostly in Carpathian Ruthenia, Northeast Hungary, however significant Rusyn population appeared in Vojvodina from the 18th century. ====Croats==== Croatia was in personal union with Hungary from 1102.
Hungary has historically been home to a significant Jewish community. According to 2011 census data, Christianity is the largest religion in Hungary, with around 5.2 million adherents (52.9%), while the largest denomination in Hungary is Catholicism (38.9% — Roman Catholicism 37.1%; Greek Catholicism 1.8%).
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