In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds.
Note that a large percentage of the population are of mixed ethnicity. The first census in Kazakhstan was conducted under Russian Imperial rule in 1897, which estimated population at round 4 million people.
Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s. ===Population of Kazakhstan 1897–2018=== Data sources: Population 1897 from Russian Empire Census.
The 1906 completion of the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent further facilitated Russian colonization.
Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s. ===Population of Kazakhstan 1897–2018=== Data sources: Population 1897 from Russian Empire Census.
The first collectivized farms opened in Kazakhstan in 1921, populated primarily by Russians and Soviet deportees.
Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933. But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in the 1989, according to corresponding year census.
Population 1926 from First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union.
In 1930, as part of the first Five Year Plan, the Kazakh Central Committee decreed the sedentarization of nomads and their incorporation into collectivized farms.
This movement resulted in devastating famine, claiming the lives of an estimated 40% of ethnic Kazakhs (1.5 million), between 1930 and 1933.
Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933. But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in the 1989, according to corresponding year census.
This movement resulted in devastating famine, claiming the lives of an estimated 40% of ethnic Kazakhs (1.5 million), between 1930 and 1933.
Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933. But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in the 1989, according to corresponding year census.
Population 1939–1999 from demoscope.ru, 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.
Rural/urban shares 1939–1993 from statistical yearbooks, print editions, 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.
The famine rendered Kazakhs a minority within Kazakhstan, and only after the republic gained independence in 1991 did Kazakhs recover a slim demographic majority within Kazakhstan. Demographics would continue to shift in the 1950-1960s, wherein as part of Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign, hundreds of thousands of Soviet deportees were relocated to the Kazakh steppes in order to farm.
As recognized in the 1959 census, the Kazaks became a minority for the first time in history, comprising just 30% of the total population of Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s. ===Population of Kazakhstan 1897–2018=== Data sources: Population 1897 from Russian Empire Census.
These estimates have been confirmed by the 2009 population census, and this means that the decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and reversed. The proportion of men makes up 48.3%, the proportion of women 51.7%.
Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933. But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in the 1989, according to corresponding year census.
Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census.
TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively. === Life expectancy at birth === Source: UN World Population Prospects ==Ethnic groups== === History of ethnic composition === Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group Kazakhs, traces its origin to 15th century, when a number of Turkic and some Mongol tribes united to establish the Kazakh Khanate.
The famine rendered Kazakhs a minority within Kazakhstan, and only after the republic gained independence in 1991 did Kazakhs recover a slim demographic majority within Kazakhstan. Demographics would continue to shift in the 1950-1960s, wherein as part of Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Campaign, hundreds of thousands of Soviet deportees were relocated to the Kazakh steppes in order to farm.
Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census.
The 2009 population estimate is 6.8% higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999 (slightly less than 15 million).
Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census.
Thus it can be seen that fertility rate is higher in more traditionalist and religious south and west, and lower in the north and east, where the percentage of Slavic and German population is still relatively high. According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the TFR for Kazakhs was 2.5 and that for Russians was 1.38.
The downward trend continued through 2002, when the estimated population bottomed out at 14.9 million, and then resumed its growth.
Population 1939–1999 from demoscope.ru, 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.
Rural/urban shares 1939–1993 from statistical yearbooks, print editions, 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.
United States government sources, including the CIA World Fact Book and the US Census Bureau International Data Base, listed the population as 15,340,533, while the World Bank gave a 2002 estimate of 14,858,948.
2009–2014 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site. As of 2003, there were discrepancies between Western sources regarding the population of Kazakhstan.
The 2009 population estimate is 6.8% higher than the population reported in the last census from January 1999 (slightly less than 15 million).
These estimates have been confirmed by the 2009 population census, and this means that the decline in population that began after 1989 has been arrested and reversed. The proportion of men makes up 48.3%, the proportion of women 51.7%.
Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the Kazakh ethnic group and language (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of Russia, China and Mongolia) and Kazakhstani to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity, but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses. ==Demographic trends== Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 18,137,300 as of December 2017, of which 44% is rural and 56% urban population.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05