No major immigration wave occurred during the 20th century. The federal Naturalization Act, signed into law on March 26, 1790, by President Washington stated that immigrants to the United States had to be White according to the definition under the British Common Law, which the United States inherited.
mainland, who were joined after 1959 by an influx of Jewish emigres from Fidel Castro's Cuba. The mass immigration that occurred during the 19th century helped the population grow from 155,000 in 1800 to almost 1,000,000 at the close of the century. ===Emigration=== Emigration has been a major part of Puerto Rico's recent history as well.
Although the vast majority of settlers came from Spain, Catholics from France, Ireland, Italy and other European countries were also granted land by Spain as one of the provisions of the Real Cédula de Gracias de 1815 (Royal Decree of Graces of 1815).
Starting in about 1840, there have been attempts to create a quasi-indigenous Taíno identity in rural areas of Puerto Rico.
The Naturalization Act of 1870, passed during Reconstruction, allowed for peoples of African descent to become U.S.
The first Protestant church, Iglesia de la Santísima Trinidad, was established in Ponce by the Anglican Diocese of Antigua in 1872.
Immigration Policy was first restricted toward Chinese with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the Gentleman's Agreement of 1907 in which Japan voluntarily barred emigration to the United States and the Immigration Act of 1917 or the Asiatic Barred Zone which barred immigrants from all of the Middle East, the Steppes and the Orient, excluding the Philippines which was then a US Colony.
For example, the Holy Trinity Anglican church in Ponce, was prevented from ringing its bell until 1898, when American troops landed there.
Immigration Policy was first restricted toward Chinese with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the Gentleman's Agreement of 1907 in which Japan voluntarily barred emigration to the United States and the Immigration Act of 1917 or the Asiatic Barred Zone which barred immigrants from all of the Middle East, the Steppes and the Orient, excluding the Philippines which was then a US Colony.
Therefore, people of mixed ancestry with known white lineage were classified as white, the opposite of the "one-drop rule" in the United States. According to the 1920 Puerto Rico census, 2,505 individuals immigrated to Puerto Rico between 1910 and 1920.
The legal definition of Whiteness differed greatly from White Society's informal definition, thus Jews, Romani Peoples, Middle Eastern Peoples and those of the Indian Subcontinent were before 1917 classified as White for Immigration purposes but not considered White by the society at large.
Immigration Policy was first restricted toward Chinese with the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the Gentleman's Agreement of 1907 in which Japan voluntarily barred emigration to the United States and the Immigration Act of 1917 or the Asiatic Barred Zone which barred immigrants from all of the Middle East, the Steppes and the Orient, excluding the Philippines which was then a US Colony.
77 but it wasn't until 1917 that Puerto Ricans were granted full American Citizenship under the Jones–Shafroth Act (Pub.L.
Therefore, people of mixed ancestry with known white lineage were classified as white, the opposite of the "one-drop rule" in the United States. According to the 1920 Puerto Rico census, 2,505 individuals immigrated to Puerto Rico between 1910 and 1920.
Of these, 2,270 were classified as "white" in the 1920 census (1,205 from Spain, 280 from Venezuela, 180 from Cuba, and 135 from the Dominican Republic). During the same 10-year period, 7,873 Puerto Ricans emigrated to the U.S.
The Johnson-Reed act of 1924 applied only to the Eastern Hemisphere.
Thus under the Immigration Act of 1924 all Hispanics and Caribbeans could immigrate to the United States, but a White family from Poland or Russia could not immigrate.
The first large group of Jews to settle in Puerto Rico were European refugees fleeing German–occupied Europe in the 1930s.
Puerto Rico's economic boom of the 1950s attracted a considerable number of Jewish families from the U.S.
Law, but this classification did not prevent informal discrimination against them by Anglo-Americans. Until 1950 the U.S.
Islam was brought into Puerto Rico mainly via the Palestinian migration of the 1950s and '60s.
mainland, who were joined after 1959 by an influx of Jewish emigres from Fidel Castro's Cuba. The mass immigration that occurred during the 19th century helped the population grow from 155,000 in 1800 to almost 1,000,000 at the close of the century. ===Emigration=== Emigration has been a major part of Puerto Rico's recent history as well.
In 1960 the census dropped the racial identification question for Puerto Rico but included it again in the year 2000.
This trend accelerated among the Puerto Rican community in the mainland United States in the 1960s.
One Pope, John Paul II, visited Puerto Rico in October 1984.
In 1960 the census dropped the racial identification question for Puerto Rico but included it again in the year 2000.
Shriver and Esteban Parra in 2004, the ancestry proportions corresponding to the three parental populations were found to be 53.3±2.8% European, 29.1±2.3% West African, and 17.6±2.4% Native American based on autosomal ancestry informative markers.
It was the first non-Roman Catholic Church in the entire Spanish Empire in the Americas. ===Muslims=== In 2007, there were over 5,000 Muslims in Puerto Rico, representing about 0.13% of the population.
(It may have been using the 2010 Pew Research Center data.) The CIA World Factbook however, reports that 85% of the population of Puerto Rico identifies as Roman Catholic, while 15% identify as Protestant and Other.
In particular, the Yoruba beliefs of Santería and/or Ifá, and the Kongo-derived Palo Mayombe (sometimes called an African belief system, but rather a way of Bantu lifestyle of Congo origin) find adherence among the few individuals who practice some form of African traditional religion. ==Demographic statistics== The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated. Population in 2010: 3,725,789 (2010 U.S.
This survey was completed between October 2013 and February 2014. ====Protestants==== Protestantism was suppressed under the Spanish Catholic regime.
All municipalities in Puerto Rico have at least one Catholic Church, most of which are located at the town center or "plaza". An Associated Press article in March 2014 stated that "more than 70 percent of whom identify themselves as Catholic" but provided no source for this information.
Neither a date or a source for that information is provided and may not be recent. In November 2014, a Pew Research report, with the sub-title Widespread Change in a Historically Catholic Region, indicated that only 56% of Puerto Ricans were Catholic and that 33% were Protestant.
This survey was completed between October 2013 and February 2014. ====Protestants==== Protestantism was suppressed under the Spanish Catholic regime.
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