A number of other terms (distributed learning, e-learning, m-learning, online learning, virtual classroom etc.) are used roughly synonymously with distance education. == History == One of the earliest attempts was advertised in 1728.
This was in the Boston Gazette for "Caleb Philipps, Teacher of the new method of Short Hand", who sought students who wanted to learn through weekly mailed lessons. The first distance education course in the modern sense was provided by Sir Isaac Pitman in the 1840s, who taught a system of shorthand by mailing texts transcribed into shorthand on postcards and receiving transcriptions from his students in return for correction.
This scheme was made possible by the introduction of uniform postage rates across England in 1840. This early beginning proved extremely successful, and the Phonographic Correspondence Society was founded three years later to establish these courses on a more formal basis.
The Society paved the way for the later formation of Sir Isaac Pitman Colleges across the country. The first correspondence school in the United States was the Society to Encourage Studies at Home, which was founded in 1873. Founded in 1894, Wolsey Hall, Oxford was the first distance learning college in the UK. === University correspondence courses === The University of London was the first university to offer distance learning degrees, establishing its External Programme in 1858.
The Society paved the way for the later formation of Sir Isaac Pitman Colleges across the country. The first correspondence school in the United States was the Society to Encourage Studies at Home, which was founded in 1873. Founded in 1894, Wolsey Hall, Oxford was the first distance learning college in the UK. === University correspondence courses === The University of London was the first university to offer distance learning degrees, establishing its External Programme in 1858.
Starting in the 1880s, private schools opened across the country which offered specialized technical training to anyone who enrolled, not just the employees of one company.
Founded in 1888 to provide training for immigrant coal miners aiming to become state mine inspectors or foremen, it enrolled 2500 new students in 1894 and matriculated 72,000 new students in 1895.
Enrollment in the largest private for-profit school based in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the International Correspondence Schools grew explosively in the 1890s.
The Society paved the way for the later formation of Sir Isaac Pitman Colleges across the country. The first correspondence school in the United States was the Society to Encourage Studies at Home, which was founded in 1873. Founded in 1894, Wolsey Hall, Oxford was the first distance learning college in the UK. === University correspondence courses === The University of London was the first university to offer distance learning degrees, establishing its External Programme in 1858.
Founded in 1888 to provide training for immigrant coal miners aiming to become state mine inspectors or foremen, it enrolled 2500 new students in 1894 and matriculated 72,000 new students in 1895.
Founded in 1888 to provide training for immigrant coal miners aiming to become state mine inspectors or foremen, it enrolled 2500 new students in 1894 and matriculated 72,000 new students in 1895.
By 1906 total enrollments reached 900,000.
Starting in Milwaukee in 1907, public schools began opening free vocational programs. Only a third of the American population lived in cities of 100,000 or more population in 1920; to reach the rest, correspondence techniques had to be adopted.
Australia, with its vast distances, was especially active; the University of Queensland established its Department of Correspondence Studies in 1911.
The National Association of Corporation Schools grew from 37 in 1913 to 146 in 1920.
The National Association of Corporation Schools grew from 37 in 1913 to 146 in 1920.
Starting in Milwaukee in 1907, public schools began opening free vocational programs. Only a third of the American population lived in cities of 100,000 or more population in 1920; to reach the rest, correspondence techniques had to be adopted.
Unlocking the Gates: How and Why Leading Universities Are Opening Up Access to Their Courses (Princeton University Press, 2011) online == External links == "Radio in education" full-text books and articles online; from the 1930s and 1940s "Issues in Distance Education book series from Athabasca University Press" .
The International Conference for Correspondence Education held its first meeting in 1938.
By 1938, at least 200 city school systems, 25 state boards of education, and many colleges and universities broadcast educational programs for the public schools.
Unlocking the Gates: How and Why Leading Universities Are Opening Up Access to Their Courses (Princeton University Press, 2011) online == External links == "Radio in education" full-text books and articles online; from the 1930s and 1940s "Issues in Distance Education book series from Athabasca University Press" .
In South Africa, the University of South Africa, formerly an examining and certification body, started to present distance education tuition in 1946.
One line of thought was to use radio as a master teacher. A typical setup came in Kentucky in 1948 when John Wilkinson Taylor, president of the University of Louisville, teamed up with NBC to use radio as a medium for distance education, The chairman of the Federal Communications Commission endorsed the project and predicted that the "college-by-radio" would put "American education 25 years ahead".
The radio courses faded away in the 1950s.
From 1964 to 1968, the Carnegie Foundation funded Wedemeyer's Articulated Instructional Media Project (AIM) which brought in a variety of communications technologies aimed at providing learning to an off-campus population.
Planning commenced in 1965 under the Minister of State for Education, Jennie Lee, who established a model for the Open University (OU) as one of widening access to the highest standards of scholarship in higher education and set up a planning committee consisting of university vice-chancellors, educationalists, and television broadcasters, chaired by Sir Peter Venables.
From 1964 to 1968, the Carnegie Foundation funded Wedemeyer's Articulated Instructional Media Project (AIM) which brought in a variety of communications technologies aimed at providing learning to an off-campus population.
Walter Perry was appointed the OU's first vice-chancellor in January 1969, and its foundation secretary was Anastasios Christodoulou.
The election of the new Conservative government under the leadership of Edward Heath, in 1970; led to budget cuts under Chancellor of the Exchequer Iain Macleod (who had earlier called the idea of an Open University "blithering nonsense").
At the time, the total student population of conventional universities in the United Kingdom was around 130,000. Athabasca University, Canada's Open University, was created in 1970 and followed a similar, though independently developed, pattern.
Many efforts to use television along the same lines proved unsuccessful, despite heavy funding by the Ford Foundation. From 1970 to 1972 the Coordinating Commission for Higher Education in California funded Project Outreach to study the potential of telecourses.
However, the OU accepted its first 25,000 students in 1971, adopting a radical open admissions policy.
Many efforts to use television along the same lines proved unsuccessful, despite heavy funding by the Ford Foundation. From 1970 to 1972 the Coordinating Commission for Higher Education in California funded Project Outreach to study the potential of telecourses.
However, many of the techniques developed and lessons learned with earlier media are used in Internet delivery. The first completely online course for credit was offered by the University of Toronto in 1984 through the Graduate School of Education (then called OISE: the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education).
The first new and fully online university was founded in 1994 as the Open University of Catalonia, headquartered in Barcelona, Spain.
There are now many similar institutions around the world, often with the name "Open University" (in English or in the local language). The University of the Philippines Open University was established in 1995 as the fifth constituent university of the University of the Philippines System and was the first distance education and online University in the Philippines.
In 1999 Jones International University was launched as the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Between 2000 and 2008, enrollment in distance education courses increased rapidly in almost every country in both developed and developing countries.
In 1999 Jones International University was launched as the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Between 2000 and 2008, enrollment in distance education courses increased rapidly in almost every country in both developed and developing countries.
In 1999 Jones International University was launched as the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Between 2000 and 2008, enrollment in distance education courses increased rapidly in almost every country in both developed and developing countries.
Programs included training in the mental health, occupational therapy, family therapy, art therapy, physical therapy, and rehabilitation counseling fields. By 2008, online learning programs were available in the United States in 44 states at the K-12 level. Internet forums, online discussion group and online learning community can contribute to a distance education experience.
In the US, the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) specializes in the accreditation of distance education institutions. In the United States in 2011, it was found that a third of all the students enrolled in postsecondary education had taken an accredited online course in a postsecondary institution.
Unlocking the Gates: How and Why Leading Universities Are Opening Up Access to Their Courses (Princeton University Press, 2011) online == External links == "Radio in education" full-text books and articles online; from the 1930s and 1940s "Issues in Distance Education book series from Athabasca University Press" .
In 2013 the majority of public and private colleges offered full academic programs online.
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