After the war, it was discovered that all the agents Germany sent to Britain had given themselves up or had been captured, with the possible exception of one who committed suicide. == Early agents == Following a July 1940 conference in Kiel, the Abwehr (German intelligence) began an espionage campaign against Britain involving intelligence gathering and sabotage.
The truth was that between September and November 1940 fewer than twenty five agents arrived in the country; mostly of Eastern European extraction, they were badly trained and poorly motivated. The agents were not difficult to spot and it became easier still when the German Enigma machine encryption was broken.
The next two attempts were even more farcical; Gösta Caroli and Wulf Schmidt (a Danish citizen) landed, via parachute, in September 1940.
Masterman (who had, later in the war, headed the Twenty Committee) said that by 1941, MI5 "actively ran and controlled the German espionage system in [the United Kingdom]." It was not an idle boast; post-war records confirmed that none of the Abwehr agents, bar one who committed suicide, went unnoticed. Once caught, the spies were deposited in the care of Lieutenant Colonel Robin Stephens at Camp 020 (Latchmere House, Richmond).
Robertson dispatched an ex-RNAS officer called Walter Dicketts (code name Celery) to neutral Lisbon in early 1941 to meet Owens' German spymaster, Nikolaus Ritter from the Abwehr, to establish Owens' bona fides.
"The ISOS Years: Madrid 1941-3".
He and his fictitious network were absorbed into the main double-cross system and he became so respected by Abwehr that they stopped landing agents in Britain after 1942.
Herviou, French, SS 1943.
Agent Garbo was informed in radio messages from Germany after the invasion that he had been awarded the Iron Cross. == V-weapons deception == The British noticed that, during the V-1 flying bomb attacks of 1944, the weapons were falling short of Trafalgar Square, the actual Luftwaffe aiming points such as Tower Bridge being unknown to the British.
Collaborated with OSS (Office of Strategic Services) in 1944.
Wells is a fictionalized retelling of the Juan Pujol (Garbo) double-agent story from the Spanish Civil War through 1944, examining his role in MI5's Double-Cross System.
Schmidt was more of a success; codenamed 'Tate', he continued to contact Germany until May 1945.
From mid-January to mid-February 1945, the mean point of V-2 impacts edged eastward at the rate of a couple of miles a week, with more and more V-2s falling short of central London.
Writing in 1972, John C.
Stationery Office, 1990.
Journal of Contemporary History 30 (3): 359–410, 1995. Fiction.
Campbell, "A Retrospective on John Masterman's The Double-Cross System", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 18: 320–353, 2005. Jon Latimer, Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001. Public Record Office Secret History Files, Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies, Oliver Hoare, 2000. Tommy Jonason & Simon Olsson, "Agent Tate: The Wartime Story of Double Agent Harry Williamson", London: Amberley Publishing, 2011.
Campbell, "A Retrospective on John Masterman's The Double-Cross System", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 18: 320–353, 2005. Jon Latimer, Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001. Public Record Office Secret History Files, Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies, Oliver Hoare, 2000. Tommy Jonason & Simon Olsson, "Agent Tate: The Wartime Story of Double Agent Harry Williamson", London: Amberley Publishing, 2011.
Campbell, "A Retrospective on John Masterman's The Double-Cross System", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 18: 320–353, 2005. Jon Latimer, Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001. Public Record Office Secret History Files, Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies, Oliver Hoare, 2000. Tommy Jonason & Simon Olsson, "Agent Tate: The Wartime Story of Double Agent Harry Williamson", London: Amberley Publishing, 2011.
Campbell, "A Retrospective on John Masterman's The Double-Cross System", International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 18: 320–353, 2005. Jon Latimer, Deception in War, London: John Murray, 2001. Public Record Office Secret History Files, Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies, Oliver Hoare, 2000. Tommy Jonason & Simon Olsson, "Agent Tate: The Wartime Story of Double Agent Harry Williamson", London: Amberley Publishing, 2011.
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