As a special case, the binational television channel Arte broadcasts both the French and German dubbing, in addition to the original-language version. Some voice actors that have dubbed for celebrities in the European French language are listed below. =====Italy===== In Italy, dubbing is systematic, with a tradition going back to the 1930s in Rome, Milan, Florence and Turin.
However, there can also be different official dub artists for certain regions within Brazil. Apparently, for unknown reasons (probably technical), the Brazilian Portuguese dub credits from some shows or cartoons from channels from Viacom or Turner/Time Warner, are shown on Latin America (on Spanish-dubbed series). ===Asia=== ====China==== China has a long tradition of dubbing foreign films into Mandarin Chinese, starting in the 1930s.
In 1931, among the first movies dubbed into Polish were Dangerous Curves (1929), The Dance of Life (1929), Paramount on Parade (1930), and Darling of the Gods (1930).
When the American film Morocco was released in Japan in 1931, subtitles became the mainstream method of translating TV programs and films in Japan.
In Mussolini's fascist Italy, release of movies in foreign languages was banned in 1938 for political reasons.
Most of the dubbing studios in Brazil is in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The first film to be dubbed in Brazil was the Disney animation "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" in 1938.
The first ones to be dubbed into Japanese were the 1940s Superman cartoons in 1955. Due to the lack of video software for domestic television, video software was imported from abroad.
Dubbing began in 1946 with the advent of movies and cinemas in the country.
The first film dubbed that year was Russkiy Vopros (filmed 1948). Polish dubbing in the first post-war years suffered from poor synchronization.
Polish television dubbed popular films and TV series such as Rich Man, Poor Man; Fawlty Towers, Forsyte Saga, Elizabeth R, I, Claudius, I'll Take Manhattan, and Peter the Great. In the 1980s, due to budget cuts, state-run TV saved on tapes by voicing films over live during transmission. Overall, during 1948–1998, almost 1,000 films were dubbed in Polish.
Both can be available in parallel at similar hours in multiplexes. =====Portugal===== In Portugal, dubbing was banned under a 1948 law as a way of protecting the domestic film industry and reduce the access to culture as most of the population was illiterate.
In 1949, the first dubbing studio opened in Łódź.
In the 1950s, Polish publicists discussed the quality of Polish versions of foreign movies. The number of dubbed movies and the quality improved.
The history of dubbing dates back to the 1950s, when the country was still under communist rule.
By the end of the 1950s, most of the movies, TV series and cartoons on television in Brazil were shown in its original sound and subtitles.
While during the Republic of China era Western motion pictures may have been imported and dubbed into Chinese, since 1950 Soviet movies, dubbed primarily in Shanghai, became the main import.
Later, around the 1950s, foreign television programs and films began to be shown dubbed in Japanese on television.
Standard dubbing is not widely popular with most audiences, with the exception of cartoons and children's shows, which are dubbed also for TV releases. It is claimed that, until around 1951, there were no revoiced foreign movies available in Poland.
For movies in cinemas with clear target audiences (both below and above 10–11 years of age), both a dubbed and a subtitled version are usually available. =====Albania===== The first movie dubbed in Albanian language was The Great Warrior Skanderbeg in 1954 and since then, there have been thousands of popular titles dubbed in Albanian by different dubbing studios.
The first ones to be dubbed into Japanese were the 1940s Superman cartoons in 1955. Due to the lack of video software for domestic television, video software was imported from abroad.
Polish dubbing had a golden age between the 1960s and the 1980s.
Claudia Cardinale, one of the major actresses of the 1960s and 70s, had a heavy accent from her Tunisian background, and was likewise dubbed for the first decade of her career.
Notably, the Translation Department of the Tibetan Autonomous Region Movie Company (西藏自治区电影公司译制科) has been dubbing movies into the Tibetan language since the 1960s.
The dubbing art in Iran reached its apex during the 1960s and 1970s with the inflow of American, European and Hindi movies. The most famous musicals of the time, such as My Fair Lady and The Sound of Music, were translated, adjusted and performed in Persian by the voice artists.
However, in 1961, a decree of President Jânio Quadros ruled that all foreign productions on television should be dubbed.
The film, which takes place in Hollywood as talking pictures are taking over from silent films, also portrays another character, Cosmo Brown, played by Donald O'Connor, as inventing the idea of using one actor to provide the voice for another. Marni Nixon provided the singing voice for the character Eliza Doolittle, otherwise played by Audrey Hepburn, in the 1964 musical film My Fair Lady.
Both series had films released in the 1970s and 1980s, with no Québécois French dubbed versions; instead, the Parisian French versions, with altered character and object names and terms, were distributed in the province.
Beginning in the late 1970s, in addition to films, popular TV series from the United States, Japan, Brazil, and Mexico were also dubbed.
The dubbing art in Iran reached its apex during the 1960s and 1970s with the inflow of American, European and Hindi movies. The most famous musicals of the time, such as My Fair Lady and The Sound of Music, were translated, adjusted and performed in Persian by the voice artists.
During the 1970s and 1980s, TNT (known as ERTT at the time) started dubbing famous cartoons in Tunisian and Standard Arabic.
Egypt was the first Arabian country in charge of dubbing Disney movies in 1975 and used to do it exclusively in Egyptian Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic until 2011, and since then many other companies started dubbing their productions in this dialect. In the Arabic-speaking countries, some children shows (mainly cartoons & kids sitcoms) are dubbed in Arabic, otherwise Arabic subtitles are used.
In the case of Smokey and the Bandit, extensive dubbing was done for the first network airing on ABC Television in 1978, especially for Jackie Gleason's character, Buford T.
The practice of dubbing began in the 1980s in some animated shows and continued in 90's, 00's and forward in other shows and films, the latter ones being released in home media.
Polish dubbing had a golden age between the 1960s and the 1980s.
Polish television dubbed popular films and TV series such as Rich Man, Poor Man; Fawlty Towers, Forsyte Saga, Elizabeth R, I, Claudius, I'll Take Manhattan, and Peter the Great. In the 1980s, due to budget cuts, state-run TV saved on tapes by voicing films over live during transmission. Overall, during 1948–1998, almost 1,000 films were dubbed in Polish.
Voice-over dub was invented in the Soviet Union in the 1980s when with the fall of the regime, many popular foreign movies, previously forbidden, or at least questionable under communist rule, started to flood in, in the form of low-quality home-copied videos.
It is because live-action dubbed movies rarely did well in United States box office since the 1980s.
Both series had films released in the 1970s and 1980s, with no Québécois French dubbed versions; instead, the Parisian French versions, with altered character and object names and terms, were distributed in the province.
Another important factor is that local theaters and private media companies do not dub in local languages in order to avoid high costs, but also because of the lack of both expertise and demand. Beginning in the 1980s, dubbed series and movies for children in Modern Standard Arabic became a popular choice among most TV channels, cinemas and VHS/DVD stores.
During the 1970s and 1980s, TNT (known as ERTT at the time) started dubbing famous cartoons in Tunisian and Standard Arabic.
The 1982 United States theatrical release of Wolfgang Peterson's Das Boot was the last major release to go out in both original and English-dubbed versions, and the film's original version actually grossed much higher than the English-dubbed version.
They were not dubbed until 1985, but are briefly translated with a speaker before commercial breaks.
In the 1990s, dubbing films and TV series continued, although often also for one emission only. In 1995, Canal+ was launched in Poland.
In the 1990s, dubbing was done by the television channel known as Wizja Jeden.
In the early 1990s, as cinemas tried to keep up with showing newly released films, subtitling became dominant in the cinema.
In a similar way to cinemas, in the last few years many channels on pay TV have begun to broadcast programs and films only in their dubbed version. Dubbing became very popular in the 1990s with the rise in popularity of anime in Mexico.
Programs originally in English used to usually air in their original language on free-to-air television. Since the late 1990s/early 2000s, however, more originally English-language programs that air on major free-to-air networks (i.e.
Since the 1990s, for political reasons and under pressure from the state, the dubbing industry has declined, with movies dubbed only for the state TV channels.
Until 1994, animated movies, as well as other TV series for children shown.
This is because despite the dropping of the dubbing law in Portugal in 1994, most companies in that country use the Brazilian Portuguese because of traditional usage during the days of the dubbing rule, along with these dubbings being more marketable than European Portuguese. A list that showcases Brazilian Portuguese voice artists that dub for actors and actresses are displayed here.
In the 1990s, dubbing films and TV series continued, although often also for one emission only. In 1995, Canal+ was launched in Poland.
It stopped dubbing films in 1999, although many people supported the idea of dubbing and bought the access only for dubbing versions of foreign productions.
Later on, English-dubbed versions of international hits like Un indien dans la ville, Godzilla 2000, Anatomy, Pinocchio, The Return of Godzilla and High Tension flopped at United States box offices.
This slowly fell out of practice since the late 2000s.
shows and films, while subtitling continued. In the 2000s, the dubbing practice has differed depending on the nature and origin of the program.
Programs originally in English used to usually air in their original language on free-to-air television. Since the late 1990s/early 2000s, however, more originally English-language programs that air on major free-to-air networks (i.e.
However, in the private sector, television channels are not subject to the language rule. ====South Africa==== In South Africa, many television programs were dubbed in Afrikaans, with the original soundtrack (usually in English, but sometimes Dutch or German) "simulcast" in FM stereo on Radio 2000.
Wizja Jeden was closed in 2001.
This has also been the case in New Zealand, but the Māori Television Service, launched in 2004, has dubbed animated films into Māori.
According to "Special Eurobarometer 243" (graph QA11.8) of the European Commission (research carried out in November and December 2005), 62% of Romanians prefer to watch foreign films and programs with subtitles (rather than dubbed), 22% prefer dubbing, and 16% declined to answer.
Doubtfire is a rare example of a feature film dubbed this way on BNT Channel 1, though a subtitled version is currently shown on other channels. Walt Disney Television's animated series (such as DuckTales, Darkwing Duck, and Timon & Pumbaa) were only aired with synchronized Bulgarian voices on BNT Channel 1 until 2005, but then the Disney shows were canceled.
However, when Skai TV was re-launched in April 2006, the network opted for dubbing almost all foreign shows in Greek, unlike other Greek channels which had always broadcast most of the programs in their original language with subtitles. =====Ireland===== Ireland usually receives the same film versions as the UK.
Both can be available in parallel at similar hours in multiplexes. =====Ukraine===== In Ukraine, since 2006 cinema releases are almost always dubbed into Ukrainian with the overdubbing technique and multiple voice actors dubbing different original voices with a small percent of art-house/documentaries shown in the original language with Ukrainian subtitles.
AXN uses subtitles for its series, but as of 2008 emphasizes dubbing.
When airing of Disney series resumed on Nova Television and Jetix in 2008, voiceovers were used, but Disney animated-movie translations still use synchronized voices.
The biggest dubbing studio in Brazil was Herbert Richers, headquartered in Rio de Janeiro and closed in 2009, At its peak in the 80s and 90s, the Herbert Richers studios dubbed about 70% of the productions shown in Brazilian cinemas. In the 90s, with Saint Seiya, Dragon Ball and other anime shows becoming popular in Brazilian TVs, the voice actors and the dubbing career gained a higher space in Brazilian culture.
As for recent foreign films being released, there are now some film theaters in Japan that show both dubbed and subtitled editions. On 22 June 2009, 20th Century Fox's Japanese division has opened up a Blu-ray lineup known as "Emperor of Dubbing", dedicated at having multiple Japanese dubs of popular English-language films (mostly Hollywood films) as well as retaining the original scripts, releasing them altogether in special Blu-ray releases.
In the early decades, it would dub 25 to 30 movies each year, the number rising to 60-75 by the early 2010s. Motion pictures are dubbed for China's Mongol- and Uyghur-speaking markets as well. Chinese television dramas are often dubbed to Standard Mandarin by professional voice actors for a number of reasons. ====Taiwan==== Taiwan dubs some foreign films and TV series in Mandarin Chinese.
Egypt was the first Arabian country in charge of dubbing Disney movies in 1975 and used to do it exclusively in Egyptian Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic until 2011, and since then many other companies started dubbing their productions in this dialect. In the Arabic-speaking countries, some children shows (mainly cartoons & kids sitcoms) are dubbed in Arabic, otherwise Arabic subtitles are used.
The dubbed version is, in most cases, the one from the theater release, while voice-over is provided for movies that were only subtitled in theaters. Since theatrical release of The Avengers in May 2012, Walt Disney Company Polska dubs all films for cinema releases.
Also in 2012, United International Pictures Polska dubbed The Amazing Spider-Man, while Forum Film Polska – former distributor of Disney's films – decided to dub An Unexpected Journey, along with its two sequels.
Subtitling was primarily for adult audience movies until 2012.
Pokémon got a Vietnamese dub in early 2014 on HTV3 starting with the Best Wishes series.
But due to a controversy regarding Pokémon's cries being re-dubbed despite that all characters had their Japanese names, it was switched to VTV2 in September 2015 when the XY series debut.
Sailor Moon also recently has been dubbed for HTV3 in early 2015. ====Singapore==== In multilingual Singapore, dubbing is rare for western programs.
In 2018, eExtra began showing the Turkish drama series Paramparça dubbed in Afrikaans as Gebroke Harte or "Broken Hearts", the first foreign drama to be dubbed in the language for twenty years.
The 2020 Bavarian show on Netflix, Freud, has also been dubbed to English. Some animated films and TV programs are also dubbed into Welsh and Scottish Gaelic. Hinterland displays a not so common example of a bilingual production.
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