As a result of the site selection, the unincorporated, largely African-American community of Willard, which once stood in the airport's current footprint, was demolished, and 87 property owners had their holdings condemned. Dulles was also built over a lesser-known airport named Blue Ridge Airport, chartered in 1938 by the U.S.
It was replaced by Washington National Airport in 1941, a short distance southeast.
After the war, in 1948, the Civil Aeronautics Administration began to consider sites for a second major airport to serve the nation's capital.
Congress passed the Washington Airport Act in 1950 to provide funding for a new airport in the region.
The initial CAA proposal in 1951 called for the airport to be built in Fairfax County near what is now Burke Lake Park, but protests from residents, as well as the rapid expansion of Washington's suburbs during the time, led to reconsideration of this plan.
One competing plan called for the airport to be built in the Pender area of Fairfax County, while another called for the conversion of Andrews Air Force Base in Prince George's County, Maryland, into a commercial airport. The current site was selected by President Eisenhower in 1958; the Dulles name was chosen by Eisenhower's aviation advisor Pete Quesada, who later served as the first head of the Federal Aviation Administration.
Its original name, Dulles International Airport, was changed in 1984 to Washington Dulles International Airport. The main terminal was designed in 1958 by famed Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, and it is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestive of flight.
The entire terminal complex has 123 gates and 16 hardstand locations from which passengers can board or disembark using the airport's plane mate vehicles. ===Inter-terminal transportation=== Conceived in early planning sessions in 1959, Dulles is one of the few remaining airports to use the mobile lounge (also known as "plane mates" or "people movers") now only used for transport to the International Arrivals Building as well as transport for Concourse D.
Washington Dulles International Airport , typically referred to as Dulles International Airport, Dulles Airport, Washington Dulles or simply Dulles ( ), is an international airport in the Eastern United States, located in Loudoun County and Fairfax County in Virginia, west of Downtown Opened in 1962, it is named after John Foster Dulles the 52nd U.S.
(Dulles got its first transatlantic nonstop in June 1964.) Airport operations grew along with Virginia suburbs and the Dulles Technology Corridor; perimeter and slot restrictions at National forced long-distance flights to use Dulles.
The main terminal was recognized by the American Institute of Architects in 1966 for its design concept; its roof is a suspended catenary providing a wide enclosed area unimpeded by any columns. The main terminal was extended in 1996 to —Saarinen's original design length—which was slightly more than double its originally constructed length of .
When handwritten, it was often misread as DCA, the code for Washington National Airport, so in 1968 Dulles' code was changed to IAD. ==Terminals== The airport's terminal complex consists of a main terminal (which includes four of the original gates, "Z" gates), and two parallel midfield terminal buildings: Concourses A/B and C/D.
In 1969, Dulles had 2.01 million passengers while National had 9.9 million. The era of widebody jets began on January 15, 1970, when First Lady Pat Nixon christened a Pan Am Boeing 747-100 at Dulles in the presence of Pan Am chairman Najeeb Halaby.
In 1969, Dulles had 2.01 million passengers while National had 9.9 million. The era of widebody jets began on January 15, 1970, when First Lady Pat Nixon christened a Pan Am Boeing 747-100 at Dulles in the presence of Pan Am chairman Najeeb Halaby.
While initial plans called for completion of the station in 2016, officials now expect the service to begin operation in early 2022. ==Accidents and incidents== On January 21, 1970, the first commercial flight of the Boeing 747 was delayed, when an engine malfunction caused the aircraft in question to be temporarily grounded.
Department of Transportation, and attended by over one million visitors from around the world). * On May 29, 1972, the third day of the show, the pilot of a Kite Rider (a variety of hang glider) was killed in a crash.
This was to be the first of the three air deaths during the Air Show. * On June 3, 1972, a second death occurred at the Transpo '72 Air Show, during a sport plane pylon race.
He was a professional Air Racer with over 10,200 hours. * On June 4, 1972, during the last day of the 9-day Transpo '72 Air Show, the U.S.
The parachute melted and the pilot plummeted , sustaining fatal injuries. On December 1, 1974, while diverting to Washington Dulles, TWA Flight 514 crashed onto the western slope of Mount Weather.
Pan Am's first Boeing 747 flight was from New York JFK to London Heathrow Airport. On May 24, 1976, supersonic flights between the U.S.
All 85 passengers and 7 crew members were killed on impact. Air France Concorde incidents of 1979: * On June 14, 1979, the number 5 and 6 tires on an Air France Concorde blew out during takeoff.
Shrapnel thrown from the tires and rims damaged number 2 engine, punctured three fuel tanks, severed several hydraulic lines and electrical wires, in addition to tearing a large hole on the top of the wing, over the wheel well area. * On July 21, 1979, one month after the above tire incident, another Air France Concorde blew several of its landing gear tires during takeoff.
In addition, crews were advised that landing gear should not be raised when a wheel/tire problem is suspected." On November 15, 1979 American Airlines Flight 444 diverted to Dulles Airport instead of its scheduled destination of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport due to the detonation of a small bomb.
As of May 2019, United Airlines began non-stop service to Tel-Aviv, Israel utilizing a Boeing 777-200ER operating three times a week. In 2020, LOT Polish, Iberia and Swiss were all due to start service to Dulles but have been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ===Planned development=== By the 1980s the original design, featuring mobile lounges to meet each plane, was no longer well-suited to Dulles' role as a hub airport.
The two were lined nose-to-nose at Dulles for photos. On June 12, 1983, the Space Shuttle Enterprise arrived at Dulles atop a modified Boeing 747 after touring Europe and before returning to Edwards Air Force Base.
All mainline United flights and most United Express regional jet operations operate out of these concourses (some United Express flights use Concourse A). These concourses were constructed in 1983 and designed by Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum.
Its original name, Dulles International Airport, was changed in 1984 to Washington Dulles International Airport. The main terminal was designed in 1958 by famed Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, and it is highly regarded for its graceful beauty, suggestive of flight.
It was later determined this was the third bombing perpetrated by Theodore John Kaczynski aka "The Unabomber." Ultimately it was the involvement of the aircraft in his bombing targets that resulted in the FBI becoming involved with the investigation and search for the "Unabomber." On July 20, 1988, a Fairways Corp.
In the 1990s, the main terminal at Dulles was reconfigured to allow more space between the front of the building and the ticket counters.
Enterprise left Dulles on April 27, 2012, for its new home at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City. In 1990 a United States Senate joint resolution to change Dulles's name to Washington Eisenhower was proposed by Senator Bob Dole, but it didn't pass. When the SR-71 was retired by the military in 1990, one was flown from its birthplace at United States Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California, to Dulles, setting a coast-to-coast speed record at an average .
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter stalled and crashed after takeoff, the sole occupant, the pilot was killed. On June 18, 1994, a Learjet 25 operated by Mexican carrier TAESA crashed in trees while approaching the airport from the south.
The passengers were planning to attend the 1994 FIFA World Cup soccer games being staged in Washington, D.C. As part of the September 11th, 2001, attacks, American Airlines Flight 77 was hijacked while en route from Washington Dulles to Los Angeles and flown directly into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing all 64 on board as well as 125 in The Pentagon. On January 26, 2012, a mobile lounge struck a baggage tug driven by a Southwest Airlines ramp worker on Taxiway B.
The aircraft was placed in a storage building, and is now displayed at the Smithsonian's adjacent Udvar-Hazy Air and Space Museum. The first flight of the Boeing 777-200 in commercial service, a United Airlines flight from London Heathrow, landed at Dulles in 1995. The 2004 launch of low-cost carrier Independence Air propelled IAD from being the 24th-busiest airport in the United States to fourth, and one of the top 30 busiest in the world.
The main terminal was recognized by the American Institute of Architects in 1966 for its design concept; its roof is a suspended catenary providing a wide enclosed area unimpeded by any columns. The main terminal was extended in 1996 to —Saarinen's original design length—which was slightly more than double its originally constructed length of .
Originally constructed in 1998 and designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum, the B concourse contained 20 gates.
The passengers were planning to attend the 1994 FIFA World Cup soccer games being staged in Washington, D.C. As part of the September 11th, 2001, attacks, American Airlines Flight 77 was hijacked while en route from Washington Dulles to Los Angeles and flown directly into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing all 64 on board as well as 125 in The Pentagon. On January 26, 2012, a mobile lounge struck a baggage tug driven by a Southwest Airlines ramp worker on Taxiway B.
In 2003, 4 additional gates were added to concourse B, followed by a 15-gate expansion in 2008.
The aircraft was placed in a storage building, and is now displayed at the Smithsonian's adjacent Udvar-Hazy Air and Space Museum. The first flight of the Boeing 777-200 in commercial service, a United Airlines flight from London Heathrow, landed at Dulles in 1995. The 2004 launch of low-cost carrier Independence Air propelled IAD from being the 24th-busiest airport in the United States to fourth, and one of the top 30 busiest in the world.
A tunnel (consisting of a passenger walkway and moving sidewalks) which links the main terminal and Concourse B was opened in 2004.
Independence Air ceased operations in January 2006, and its space in Concourse A was taken five months later by United Express. Southwest Airlines began service at Dulles in fall 2006. In 2007, 24.7 million passengers passed through the airport. On November 20, 2008, a third parallel north–south runway opened on the west side of the airfield, designated 1L/19R.
The C/D concourses were given a face lift in 2006 which included light fixture upgrades, new paint finishes, new ceiling grids and tiles, heating and air conditioning replacement, and complete restroom renovations. Concourse C also has a dedicated Federal Inspection Station located at ground level.
Independence Air ceased operations in January 2006, and its space in Concourse A was taken five months later by United Express. Southwest Airlines began service at Dulles in fall 2006. In 2007, 24.7 million passengers passed through the airport. On November 20, 2008, a third parallel north–south runway opened on the west side of the airfield, designated 1L/19R.
Independence Air ceased operations in January 2006, and its space in Concourse A was taken five months later by United Express. Southwest Airlines began service at Dulles in fall 2006. In 2007, 24.7 million passengers passed through the airport. On November 20, 2008, a third parallel north–south runway opened on the west side of the airfield, designated 1L/19R.
A fourth runway (parallel to the existing runways 1 and 19 L&R) opened in 2008, and development plans include a fifth runway to parallel the existing runway 12–30.
In 2003, 4 additional gates were added to concourse B, followed by a 15-gate expansion in 2008.
As of November 1, 2008, MWAA assumed responsibility from the Virginia Department of Transportation both for operating the Dulles Toll Road and for the construction of a rapid transit rail line down its median.
On September 22, 2009, an expansion to include the International Arrivals Building opened for customs and immigration processing with a capacity to process 2,400 passengers per hour. Also in September 2009, a central security checkpoint was added on a new security mezzanine level of the main terminal.
The Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) began a renovation program for the airport including a new security mezzanine with more room for lines. A new train system, dubbed AeroTrain and developed by Mitsubishi, began in 2010 to transport passengers between the concourses and the main terminal.
It was the first new runway to be built at Dulles since the airport's construction. On June 6, 2011, the airport received its first Airbus A380 flights when Air France introduced the A380 on its nonstop from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport during peak season. On April 17, 2012, the Space Shuttle Discovery was ferried to Dulles mounted to a NASA 747-100 as part of its decommissioning and installation in the Steven F.
However, those rules have been weakened by Congress over the years, causing Dulles to lose 200,000 passengers to Reagan between 2011 and 2013. ===Meaning of IAD=== Dulles originally used airport code DIA, the initials of Dulles International Airport.
Enterprise left Dulles on April 27, 2012, for its new home at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City. In 1990 a United States Senate joint resolution to change Dulles's name to Washington Eisenhower was proposed by Senator Bob Dole, but it didn't pass. When the SR-71 was retired by the military in 1990, one was flown from its birthplace at United States Air Force Plant 42 in Palmdale, California, to Dulles, setting a coast-to-coast speed record at an average .
It was the first new runway to be built at Dulles since the airport's construction. On June 6, 2011, the airport received its first Airbus A380 flights when Air France introduced the A380 on its nonstop from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport during peak season. On April 17, 2012, the Space Shuttle Discovery was ferried to Dulles mounted to a NASA 747-100 as part of its decommissioning and installation in the Steven F.
Udvar-Hazy Center. On June 1, 2012, the first passenger flight of the Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental landed as a Lufthansa service from Frankfurt Airport. On August 15, 2012, the first Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner arrived at Washington Dulles.
The passengers were planning to attend the 1994 FIFA World Cup soccer games being staged in Washington, D.C. As part of the September 11th, 2001, attacks, American Airlines Flight 77 was hijacked while en route from Washington Dulles to Los Angeles and flown directly into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing all 64 on board as well as 125 in The Pentagon. On January 26, 2012, a mobile lounge struck a baggage tug driven by a Southwest Airlines ramp worker on Taxiway B.
However, those rules have been weakened by Congress over the years, causing Dulles to lose 200,000 passengers to Reagan between 2011 and 2013. ===Meaning of IAD=== Dulles originally used airport code DIA, the initials of Dulles International Airport.
It was Ethiopian Airlines' first 787 & the first 787 received by an African carrier. On October 2, 2014, British Airways began using the Airbus A380 on flights from London Heathrow Airport to Dulles.
In 2018, Dulles Airport surpassed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) in yearly passenger boardings after having fewer passengers since 2015.
While initial plans called for completion of the station in 2016, officials now expect the service to begin operation in early 2022. ==Accidents and incidents== On January 21, 1970, the first commercial flight of the Boeing 747 was delayed, when an engine malfunction caused the aircraft in question to be temporarily grounded.
In 2018, Dulles Airport surpassed Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA) in yearly passenger boardings after having fewer passengers since 2015.
Dulles overtook Reagan in total enplanements in 2019.
However, this service has been temporarily suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, four new major international routes were added.
As of May 2019, United Airlines began non-stop service to Tel-Aviv, Israel utilizing a Boeing 777-200ER operating three times a week. In 2020, LOT Polish, Iberia and Swiss were all due to start service to Dulles but have been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ===Planned development=== By the 1980s the original design, featuring mobile lounges to meet each plane, was no longer well-suited to Dulles' role as a hub airport.
As of June 2019, United has begun construction on their latest Polaris Lounge, located across from gate C17 next to the AeroTrain escalator, due to open early 2020. Virgin Atlantic: Clubhouse, A Concourse across from gate A32. ==Airlines and destinations== ===Passenger=== Notes: Air Senegal's flight to Dakar makes a stop in New York–JFK.
As of May 2019, United Airlines began non-stop service to Tel-Aviv, Israel utilizing a Boeing 777-200ER operating three times a week. In 2020, LOT Polish, Iberia and Swiss were all due to start service to Dulles but have been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ===Planned development=== By the 1980s the original design, featuring mobile lounges to meet each plane, was no longer well-suited to Dulles' role as a hub airport.
As of June 2019, United has begun construction on their latest Polaris Lounge, located across from gate C17 next to the AeroTrain escalator, due to open early 2020. Virgin Atlantic: Clubhouse, A Concourse across from gate A32. ==Airlines and destinations== ===Passenger=== Notes: Air Senegal's flight to Dakar makes a stop in New York–JFK.
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