The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors.
The Salvadoran territory was administered by the Mayor of Sonsonate, with San Salvador being established as an intendencia in 1786. In 1811, a combination of internal and external factors motivated Central American elites to attempt to gain independence from the Spanish Crown.
The Salvadoran territory was administered by the Mayor of Sonsonate, with San Salvador being established as an intendencia in 1786. In 1811, a combination of internal and external factors motivated Central American elites to attempt to gain independence from the Spanish Crown.
The main external factors motivating the independence movement were the success of the French and American revolutions in the 18th century, and the weakening of the Spanish Crown's military power as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, with the resulting inability to control its colonies effectively. In November 1811 Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rang the bells of Iglesia La Merced in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.
Another insurrection was launched in 1814, which was also suppressed. === Independence (1821) === In 1821 in light of unrest in Guatemala, Spanish authorities capitulated and signed the Act of Independence of Central America, which released all of the Captaincy of Guatemala (comprising current territories of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and the Mexican state of Chiapas) from Spanish rule and declared its independence.
In 1609, the area was declared the Captaincy General of Guatemala by the Spanish, which included the territory that would become El Salvador until its independence from Spain in 1821.
Another insurrection was launched in 1814, which was also suppressed. === Independence (1821) === In 1821 in light of unrest in Guatemala, Spanish authorities capitulated and signed the Act of Independence of Central America, which released all of the Captaincy of Guatemala (comprising current territories of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and the Mexican state of Chiapas) from Spanish rule and declared its independence.
In 1821, El Salvador joined Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua in a union named the Federal Republic of Central America. In early 1822, the authorities of the newly independent Central American provinces, meeting in Guatemala City, voted to join the newly constituted First Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide.
In 1821, El Salvador joined Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua in a union named the Federal Republic of Central America. In early 1822, the authorities of the newly independent Central American provinces, meeting in Guatemala City, voted to join the newly constituted First Mexican Empire under Agustín de Iturbide.
It was forcefully incorporated into the First Mexican Empire, then later seceded, joining the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.
A Mexican military detachment marched to San Salvador and suppressed dissent, but with the fall of Iturbide on 19 March 1823, the army decamped back to Mexico.
When the republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign nation, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers.
(Chiapas permanently joined Mexico at this juncture.) When the Federal Republic of Central America dissolved in 1841, El Salvador maintained its own government until it joined Honduras and Nicaragua in 1896 to form the Greater Republic of Central America, which dissolved in 1898. After the mid-19th century, the economy was based on coffee growing.
The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors.
The colón, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001, by Francisco Flores. El Salvador ranks 14th among Latin American countries in terms of the Human Development Index and fourth in Central America (behind Panama, Costa Rica, and Belize) partly because of ongoing rapid industrialization.
When the republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign nation, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers.
(Chiapas permanently joined Mexico at this juncture.) When the Federal Republic of Central America dissolved in 1841, El Salvador maintained its own government until it joined Honduras and Nicaragua in 1896 to form the Greater Republic of Central America, which dissolved in 1898. After the mid-19th century, the economy was based on coffee growing.
When the republic dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign nation, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America, which lasted from 1895 to 1898. From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers.
(Chiapas permanently joined Mexico at this juncture.) When the Federal Republic of Central America dissolved in 1841, El Salvador maintained its own government until it joined Honduras and Nicaragua in 1896 to form the Greater Republic of Central America, which dissolved in 1898. After the mid-19th century, the economy was based on coffee growing.
In 1912, the national guard was created as a rural police force. ===20th century=== In 1898, General Tomas Regalado gained power by force, deposing Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez and ruling as president until 1903.
In 1912, the national guard was created as a rural police force. ===20th century=== In 1898, General Tomas Regalado gained power by force, deposing Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez and ruling as president until 1903.
After serving his term, he remained active in the Army of El Salvador and was killed 11 July 1906, at El Jicaro during a war against Guatemala.
In 1912, the national guard was created as a rural police force. ===20th century=== In 1898, General Tomas Regalado gained power by force, deposing Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez and ruling as president until 1903.
Until 1913 El Salvador was politically stable, with undercurrents of popular discontent.
When President Manuel Enrique Araujo was killed in 1913, many hypotheses were advanced for the political motive of his murder. Araujo's administration was followed by the Melendez-Quinonez dynasty that lasted from 1913 to 1927.
The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors.
When President Manuel Enrique Araujo was killed in 1913, many hypotheses were advanced for the political motive of his murder. Araujo's administration was followed by the Melendez-Quinonez dynasty that lasted from 1913 to 1927.
Pio Romero Bosque, ex-Minister of the Government and a trusted collaborator of the dynasty, succeeded President Jorge Meléndez and in 1930 announced free elections, in which Arturo Araujo came to power on 1 March 1931 in what was considered the country's first freely contested election.
In December 1930, at the height of the country's economic and social depression, Martí was once again exiled because of his popularity among the nation's poor and rumours of his upcoming nomination for president the following year.
Pio Romero Bosque, ex-Minister of the Government and a trusted collaborator of the dynasty, succeeded President Jorge Meléndez and in 1930 announced free elections, in which Arturo Araujo came to power on 1 March 1931 in what was considered the country's first freely contested election.
His vice president and minister of war was General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez. In December 1931, a coup d'état was organized by junior officers and led by Martínez.
Martínez had said he was going to respect the constitution, which stipulated he could not be re-elected, but he refused to keep his promise. ==== La Matanza ==== From December 1931, the year of the coup that brought Martínez to power, there was brutal suppression of rural resistance.
Once Arturo Araujo was elected president in 1931, Martí returned to El Salvador, and along with Alfonso Luna and Mario Zapata began the movement that was later truncated by the military. They helped start a guerrilla revolt of indigenous farmers.
The most notable event was the February 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising, originally led by Farabundo Martí and Abel Cuenca, and university students Alfonso Luna and Mario Zapata, but these leaders were captured before the planned insurrection.
The government responded by killing over 30,000 people at what was to have been a "peaceful meeting" in 1932.
He ruled from 1935 to 1939, then from 1939 to 1943.
He ruled from 1935 to 1939, then from 1939 to 1943.
He ruled from 1935 to 1939, then from 1939 to 1943.
He began a fourth term in 1944 but resigned in May after a general strike.
An active participant in the Summit of the Americas process, El Salvador chairs a working group on market access under the Free Trade Area of the Americas initiative. In November, 1950 El Salvador helped the newly empowered 14th Dalai Lama by supporting his Tibetan Government cabinet minister's telegram requesting an appeal before the General Assembly of the United Nations to stop the Communist China's People's Liberation Army's invasion of Tibet.
As many as 130,000 Salvadorans were forcibly expelled or fled from Honduras. The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and the National Conciliation Party (PCN) were active in Salvadoran politics from 1960 until 2011, when they were disbanded by the Supreme Court because they had failed to win enough votes in the 2004 presidential election; Both parties have since reconstituted.
Urbanization has expanded at a phenomenal rate in El Salvador since the 1960s, with millions moving to the cities and creating associated problems for urban planning and services. There are up to 100,000 Nicaraguans living in El Salvador. ===Ethnic groups=== El Salvador's population is composed of mixed races as well as people of indigenous, European, or Afro-descendant ancestry among smaller diasporas of Middle and Far Eastern groups.
They share common ideals, but one represents the middle class and the latter the interests of the Salvadoran military. PDC leader José Napoleón Duarte was the mayor of San Salvador from 1964 to 1970, winning three elections during the regime of PCN President Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, who allowed free elections for mayors and the National Assembly.
This phenomenon was a major cause of the 1969 Football War between the two countries.
They share common ideals, but one represents the middle class and the latter the interests of the Salvadoran military. PDC leader José Napoleón Duarte was the mayor of San Salvador from 1964 to 1970, winning three elections during the regime of PCN President Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, who allowed free elections for mayors and the National Assembly.
By the end of the 1970s, government-contracted death squads were killing about 10 people each day.
Duarte later ran for president with a political grouping called the National Opposition Union (UNO) but was defeated in the 1972 presidential elections.
Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the United States, and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups.
Duarte returned to the country in 1979 to enter politics after working on projects in Venezuela as an engineer. === Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992) === On 15 October 1979, a coup d'état brought the Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador to power.
In October 1980, several other major guerrilla groups of the Salvadoran left had formed the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front, or FMLN.
He was considered "the voice of the voiceless", but he was assassinated by a death squad while saying Mass on 24 March 1980.
Some consider this to be the beginning of the full Salvadoran Civil War, which lasted from 1980 to 1992.
Judicial immunity for crimes committed by the armed forces ended; the government agreed to submit to the recommendations of a Commission on the Truth for El Salvador (Comisión de la Verdad Para El Salvador), which would "investigate serious acts of violence occurring since 1980, and the nature and effects of the violence, and...recommend methods of promoting national reconciliation".
The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors.
It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.05/10, ranking it 136th globally out of 172 countries. ==Government and politics== The 1983 constitution has the highest legal authority in the country.
The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors.
A 5.7 Mw earthquake in 1986 resulted in 1,500 deaths, 10,000 injuries, and 100,000 people left homeless. El Salvador has over twenty volcanoes; two of them, San Miguel and Izalco, have been active in recent years.
Five days later the El Salvadoran legislature passed an amnesty law for all acts of violence during the period. From 1989 until 2004, Salvadorans favoured the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) party, voting in ARENA presidents in every election (Alfredo Cristiani, Armando Calderón Sol, Francisco Flores Pérez, Antonio Saca) until 2009.
Significant foreign personalities in El Salvador were the Jesuit priests and professors Ignacio Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, and Segundo Montes, who were murdered in 1989 by the Salvadoran Army during the height of the civil war. Painting, ceramics and textiles are the principal manual artistic mediums.
After three years in office, with Saca's GANA party providing the FMLN with a legislative majority, Funes had not taken action to either investigate or to bring corrupt former officials to justice. Economic reforms since the early 1990s brought major benefits in terms of improved social conditions, diversification of the export sector, and access to international financial markets at investment grade level.
Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the United States, and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups.
Some consider this to be the beginning of the full Salvadoran Civil War, which lasted from 1980 to 1992.
A 10% value-added tax (IVA in Spanish), implemented in September 1992, was raised to 13% in July 1995.
In 1993 the Commission delivered its findings reporting human rights violations on both sides of the conflict.
A 10% value-added tax (IVA in Spanish), implemented in September 1992, was raised to 13% in July 1995.
Agriculture represents 11.2% of GDP (2010 est.) The GDP grew after 1996 at an annual rate that averaged 3.2% real growth.
In 1997, the government established the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources.
Since 1997 inflation has averaged 3%, with recent years increasing to nearly 5%.
A general environmental framework law was approved by the National Assembly in 1999.
The government committed to free market initiatives, and the 2007 GDP's real growth rate was 4.7%. In December 1999, net international reserves equalled US$1.8 billion or roughly five months of imports.
The palaeontological site was discovered accidentally in 2000, and in the following year, an excavation by the Museum of Natural History of El Salvador revealed several remnants of Cuvieronius and 18 other species of vertebrates including giant tortoises, Megatherium, Glyptodon, Toxodon, extinct horses, paleo-llamas.
As a result of the free trade agreements, from 2000 to 2006, total exports have grown 19% from $2.94 billion to $3.51 billion, and total imports have risen 54% from $4.95 billion to $7.63 billion.
The colón, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the United States dollar in 2001, by Francisco Flores. El Salvador ranks 14th among Latin American countries in terms of the Human Development Index and fourth in Central America (behind Panama, Costa Rica, and Belize) partly because of ongoing rapid industrialization.
Hurricanes occasionally form in the Pacific with the notable exception of Hurricane Mitch, which formed in the Atlantic and crossed Central America. In the summer of 2001 a severe drought destroyed 80% of El Salvador's crops, causing famine in the countryside.
Recent examples include the earthquake on 13 January 2001 that measured 7.7 on the Richter magnitude scale and caused a landslide that killed more than 800 people; and another earthquake only a month later, on 13 February 2001, that killed 255 people and damaged about 20% of the nation's housing.
Having this hard currency buffer to work with, the Salvadoran government undertook a monetary integration plan beginning in January 2001 by which the U.S.
As many as 130,000 Salvadorans were forcibly expelled or fled from Honduras. The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and the National Conciliation Party (PCN) were active in Salvadoran politics from 1960 until 2011, when they were disbanded by the Supreme Court because they had failed to win enough votes in the 2004 presidential election; Both parties have since reconstituted.
Five days later the El Salvadoran legislature passed an amnesty law for all acts of violence during the period. From 1989 until 2004, Salvadorans favoured the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) party, voting in ARENA presidents in every election (Alfredo Cristiani, Armando Calderón Sol, Francisco Flores Pérez, Antonio Saca) until 2009.
Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016. in September 2018, former conservative President Antonio “Tony” Saca, in office since 2004 until 2009, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties. On 1 June 2019, Nayib Bukele became the new President of El Salvador.
It experienced temporary success in 2004 but there was a rise in crime after 2005.
In 2004, there were 41 intentional homicides per 100,000 citizens, with 60% of the homicides committed being gang-related.
On 4 October 2005, severe rains resulted in dangerous flooding and landslides, which caused at least 50 deaths. ====Earthquakes and volcanic activity==== El Salvador lies along the Pacific Ring of Fire and is thus subject to significant tectonic activity, including frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity.
The most recent destructive volcanic eruption took place on 1 October 2005, when the Santa Ana Volcano spewed a cloud of ash, hot mud and rocks that fell on nearby villages and caused two deaths.
CAFTA has bolstered exports of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector, which faced Asian competition with the expiration of the Multi Fibre Arrangement in 2005.
In 2005, the number of people living in extreme poverty in El Salvador was 20%, according to a United Nations Development Program report.
It experienced temporary success in 2004 but there was a rise in crime after 2005.
As a result of the free trade agreements, from 2000 to 2006, total exports have grown 19% from $2.94 billion to $3.51 billion, and total imports have risen 54% from $4.95 billion to $7.63 billion.
Remittances have increased steadily in the last decade, and reached an all-time high of $3.32 billion in 2006 (an increase of 17% over the previous year).
The government committed to free market initiatives, and the 2007 GDP's real growth rate was 4.7%. In December 1999, net international reserves equalled US$1.8 billion or roughly five months of imports.
As of September 2007, net international reserves stood at $2.42 billion. It has long been a challenge in El Salvador to develop new growth sectors for a more diversified economy.
President Funes' chief of cabinet, Alex Segovia, acknowledged that the economy was at the "point of collapse". Gross domestic product (GDP) in purchasing power parity in 2008 was estimated at US$25.895 billion.
In 2008, El Salvador sought international arbitration against Italy's Enel Green Power, on behalf of Salvadoran state-owned electric companies for a geothermal project Enel had invested in.
Embassy noted the corruption of El Salvador's judicial system and quietly urged American businesses to include "arbitration clauses, preferably with a foreign venue", when doing business in the country. A 2008 report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development indicates that one third of the generation of electricity in El Salvador was publicly owned while two thirds was in American hands and other foreign ownership.
Five days later the El Salvadoran legislature passed an amnesty law for all acts of violence during the period. From 1989 until 2004, Salvadorans favoured the Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA) party, voting in ARENA presidents in every election (Alfredo Cristiani, Armando Calderón Sol, Francisco Flores Pérez, Antonio Saca) until 2009.
On 15 March 2009, Mauricio Funes, a television figure, became the first president from the Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front (FMLN) party.
He was inaugurated on 1 June 2009.
One focus of the Funes government has been revealing the alleged corruption from the past government. ARENA formally expelled Saca from the party in December 2009.
He was the first former guerrilla to become the President of El Salvador. In October 2017, an El Salvador court ruled that former leftist President Mauricio Funes, in office since 2009 until 2014, and one of his sons, had illegally enriched themselves.
Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016. in September 2018, former conservative President Antonio “Tony” Saca, in office since 2004 until 2009, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties. On 1 June 2019, Nayib Bukele became the new President of El Salvador.
ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of Mauricio Funes of the FMLN in March 2009.
With much higher wages, many Salvadorans abroad can afford higher prices for houses in El Salvador than local Salvadorans, and thus push up the prices that all Salvadorans must pay. ===Official corruption and foreign investment=== In an analysis of ARENA's electoral defeat in 2009, the U.S.
Embassy warned in 2009 that the Salvadoran government's populist policies of mandating artificially low electricity prices were damaging private sector profitability, including the interests of American investors in the energy sector.
Nevertheless, according to the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Instituto Centroamericano for Estudios Fiscales), the contribution of metallic mining was a minuscule 0.3% of the country's GDP between 2010 and 2015.
In 2010 the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.
As many as 130,000 Salvadorans were forcibly expelled or fled from Honduras. The Christian Democratic Party (PDC) and the National Conciliation Party (PCN) were active in Salvadoran politics from 1960 until 2011, when they were disbanded by the Supreme Court because they had failed to win enough votes in the 2004 presidential election; Both parties have since reconstituted.
Subsidies became such a problem that in April 2012, the International Monetary Fund suspended a $750 million loan to the central government.
By 2012, there were about 2.0 million Salvadoran immigrants and Americans of Salvadoran descent in the U.S., making them the sixth largest immigrant group in the country.
El Salvador had the highest murder rate in the world in 2012 but experienced a sharp decline in 2019 with a new centrist government in power.
In 2012, the homicide rate had increased to 66 per 100,000 inhabitants, more than triple the rate in Mexico.
In early 2012, there were an average of 16 killings per day; in late March of that year that number dropped to fewer than 5 per day.
On 14 April 2012 for the first time in over 3 years there were no killings in El Salvador.
Overall, there were 411 killings in January 2012, and in March the number was 188, more than a 40% reduction, while crime in neighbouring Honduras had risen to an all-time high.
In 2013, the influx of FDI increased.
Tourism directly supported 80,500 jobs in 2013.
Early in the new millennium, El Salvador's government created the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales — the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN) — in response to climate change concerns. In March 2014, Salvador Sanchez Ceren of the FMLN narrowly won the election.
He sworn in as president on 31 May 2014.
He was the first former guerrilla to become the President of El Salvador. In October 2017, an El Salvador court ruled that former leftist President Mauricio Funes, in office since 2009 until 2014, and one of his sons, had illegally enriched themselves.
The winner of the 2014 presidential election, Salvador Sánchez Cerén belongs to the FMLN party.
The dispute came to an end in December 2014 when both parties came to a settlement, from which no details have been released.
In terms of how people perceived the levels of public corruption in 2014, El Salvador ranks 80 out of 175 countries as per the Corruption Perception Index.
El Salvador's rating compares relatively well with Panama (94 of 175) and Costa Rica (47 of 175). ===Tourism=== It was estimated that 1,394,000 international tourists visited El Salvador in 2014.Tourism contributed US$2970.1 million to El Salvador's GDP in 2019.
In 2014, crime rose 56% in El Salvador, with the government attributing the rise to a break in the truce between the two major gangs in El Salvador, which began having turf wars. Presently, the Alto al Crimen or Crime Stoppers program is in operation and provides financial rewards for information leading to the capture of gang leadership.
In the 2015 elections for mayors and members of the National Assembly, ARENA appeared to be the winner with tight control of the National Assembly. In February 2021, the results of legislative election caused a major change in the politics of El Salvador.
Nevertheless, according to the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Instituto Centroamericano for Estudios Fiscales), the contribution of metallic mining was a minuscule 0.3% of the country's GDP between 2010 and 2015.
A 2015 conducted study by the University of North Carolina called El Salvador the country that has achieved the greatest progress in the world in terms of increased access to water supply and sanitation and the reduction of inequity in access between urban and rural areas.
Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016. in September 2018, former conservative President Antonio “Tony” Saca, in office since 2004 until 2009, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties. On 1 June 2019, Nayib Bukele became the new President of El Salvador.
He was the first former guerrilla to become the President of El Salvador. In October 2017, an El Salvador court ruled that former leftist President Mauricio Funes, in office since 2009 until 2014, and one of his sons, had illegally enriched themselves.
In 2017, El Salvador signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. ===Human rights=== Amnesty International has drawn attention to several arrests of police officers for unlawful police killings.
Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016. in September 2018, former conservative President Antonio “Tony” Saca, in office since 2004 until 2009, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties. On 1 June 2019, Nayib Bukele became the new President of El Salvador.
It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 4.05/10, ranking it 136th globally out of 172 countries. ==Government and politics== The 1983 constitution has the highest legal authority in the country.
Óscar Romero, the first Salvadoran saint, was canonized by Pope Francis on 14 October 2018. ==Education== The public education system in El Salvador is severely lacking in resources.
Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016. in September 2018, former conservative President Antonio “Tony” Saca, in office since 2004 until 2009, was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties. On 1 June 2019, Nayib Bukele became the new President of El Salvador.
Bukele was the winner of February 2019 presidential election.
Two main parties, left-wing FMLN and the conservative Arena, had dominated politics in El Salvador over the past three decades. According to a report by the International Crisis Group (ICG) 2020, the homicide rates, murders in El Salvador had dropped by as much as 60 percent since Bukele became president in June 2019.
However, the two-party dominance was broken after Nayib Bukele,a candidate from GANA won the 2019 Salvadoran presidential election. Geographically, the departments of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions, known as departamentos rojos, or red departments, are relatively Leftist.
El Salvador's rating compares relatively well with Panama (94 of 175) and Costa Rica (47 of 175). ===Tourism=== It was estimated that 1,394,000 international tourists visited El Salvador in 2014.Tourism contributed US$2970.1 million to El Salvador's GDP in 2019.
In 2019, tourism indirectly supported 317,200 jobs, representing 11.6% of total employment in El Salvador. Most North American and European tourists seek out El Salvador's beaches and nightlife.
El Salvador had the highest murder rate in the world in 2012 but experienced a sharp decline in 2019 with a new centrist government in power.
Two main parties, left-wing FMLN and the conservative Arena, had dominated politics in El Salvador over the past three decades. According to a report by the International Crisis Group (ICG) 2020, the homicide rates, murders in El Salvador had dropped by as much as 60 percent since Bukele became president in June 2019.
El Salvador's legislative elections were an important breakthrough in February 2021.
In the 2015 elections for mayors and members of the National Assembly, ARENA appeared to be the winner with tight control of the National Assembly. In February 2021, the results of legislative election caused a major change in the politics of El Salvador.
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