In and around 1800, embryology fused with comparative anatomy as the primary foundation of morphology.
Although Bischoff's 1840 surveys depict how similar the early embryos of man are to other vertebrates, he later demanded that such [generalization] was inconsistent with his recent findings regarding the dissimilarity between hamster embryos and those of rabbits and dogs.
Haeckel's work was published in 1866 and 1874, years after Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859). Despite the numerous oppositions, Haeckel has influenced many disciplines in science in his drive to integrate such disciplines of taxonomy and embryology into the Darwinian framework and to investigate phylogenetic reconstruction through his Biogenetic Law.
Haeckel's opponents believe that he de-emphasizes the differences between early embryonic stages in order to make the similarities between embryos of different species more pronounced. ===Early opponents: Ludwig Rutimeyer, Theodor Bischoff and Rudolf Virchow=== The first suggestion of fakery against Haeckel was made in late 1868 by Ludwig Rutimeyer in the Archiv für Anthropogenie.
Haeckel's work was published in 1866 and 1874, years after Darwin's "The Origin of Species" (1859). Despite the numerous oppositions, Haeckel has influenced many disciplines in science in his drive to integrate such disciplines of taxonomy and embryology into the Darwinian framework and to investigate phylogenetic reconstruction through his Biogenetic Law.
In 1878, His begins to engage in serious study of the anatomy of human embryos for his drawings.
Although Stephen Jay Gould's 1977 book Ontogeny and Phylogeny helps to reassess Haeckelian embryology, it does not address the controversy over Haeckel's embryo drawings.
Nevertheless, new interest in evolution in and around 1977 inspired developmental biologists to look more closely at Haeckel's illustrations. ==See also== Medical illustration Recapitulation theory Ernst Haeckel Evolutionary developmental biology Embryogenesis History of biology History of zoology, post-Darwin Science education ==References== ==Further reading== Biological techniques and tools History of evolutionary biology Technical drawing
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