By 1763, at least 28 different proofs had been published, but all were found incorrect. Leading up to this period, geometers also tried to determine what constructions could be accomplished in Euclidean geometry.
However, centuries of efforts failed to find a solution to this problem, until Pierre Wantzel published a proof in 1837 that such a construction was impossible.
Starting with Moritz Pasch in 1882, many improved axiomatic systems for geometry have been proposed, the best known being those of Hilbert, George Birkhoff, and Tarski. ===20th century and relativity=== Einstein's theory of special relativity involves a four-dimensional space-time, the Minkowski space, which is non-Euclidean.
The role of primitive notions, or undefined concepts, was clearly put forward by Alessandro Padoa of the Peano delegation at the 1900 Paris conference: That is, mathematics is context-independent knowledge within a hierarchical framework.
They were later verified by observations such as the slight bending of starlight by the Sun during a solar eclipse in 1919, and such considerations are now an integral part of the software that runs the GPS system. ==Treatment of infinity== ===Infinite objects=== Euclid sometimes distinguished explicitly between "finite lines" (e.g., Postulate 2) and "infinite lines" (book I, proposition 12).
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