As of 2018, it is estimated that the country with the most people living in extreme poverty is Nigeria, at 86 million. In the past, the vast majority of the world population lived in conditions of extreme poverty. The percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to under 20% by 2015.
After the UN General Assembly extended UNICEF's mandate indefinitely in 1953, it actively worked to help children in extreme poverty in more than 190 countries and territories to overcome the obstacles that poverty, violence, disease and discrimination place in a child's path.
However, despite the major economic and policy reforms initiated many of these LDCs, in addition to strong international aid, the economic situation of these countries worsened as a whole in the 1980s.
This prompted the organization of a 2nd UN LDC conference almost a decade later. The second UN LDC Conference was held between 3 and 14 September 1990, once again in Paris, the second UN LDC Conference was convened to measure the progress made by the LDCs towards fulfilling their development goals during the 1980s.
Significantly, a country that experienced major violence during 1981–2005 had extreme poverty rates 21 percentage points higher than a country with no violence.
With this declaration the international community, including the UN and the World Bank have adopted the target of ending extreme poverty by 2030. ==Definition== ===Previous definitions=== In July 1993, Leandro Despouy, the then UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights made use of a definition he adapted from a 1987 report to the French Economic and Social Council by Fr.
The lack of basic security leads to chronic poverty when it simultaneously affects several aspects of people’s lives, when it is prolonged and when it severely compromises people’s chances of regaining their rights and of reassuming their responsibilities in the foreseeable future." This definition was mentioned previously, in June 1989, in the preliminary report on the realization of economic, social and cultural rights by the UN Special Rapporteur Danilo Türk.
The number had previously been measured as 1.9 billion in 1990, and 1.2 billion in 2008.
In 1990, the percentage of the global population living in extreme poverty was 43%, but in 2011, that percentage had dropped down to 21%.
These five countries accounted for the alleviation of 715 million people out of extreme poverty between 1990 and 2010 – more than the global net total of roughly 700 million.
The notable exception to this trend was in Sub-Saharan Africa, the only region where the number of people living in extreme poverty rose from 290 million in 1990 to 414 million in 2010, comprising more than a third of those living in extreme poverty worldwide. ====2005 World Summit==== The 2005 World Summit, held in September and was organized to measure international progress towards fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
This prompted the organization of a 2nd UN LDC conference almost a decade later. The second UN LDC Conference was held between 3 and 14 September 1990, once again in Paris, the second UN LDC Conference was convened to measure the progress made by the LDCs towards fulfilling their development goals during the 1980s.
These new principles were embodied in the "Paris Declaration and Programme of Action for the Least Developed Countries for the 1990s". The fourth UN LDC Conference was the most recent conference.
With this declaration the international community, including the UN and the World Bank have adopted the target of ending extreme poverty by 2030. ==Definition== ===Previous definitions=== In July 1993, Leandro Despouy, the then UN Special Rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights made use of a definition he adapted from a 1987 report to the French Economic and Social Council by Fr.
It depends not only on income but also on access to services" (UN 1995 report of the World Summit for Social Development) Historically, other definitions have been proposed within the United Nations. In 2018, extreme poverty mainly refers to an income below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in 2011 prices, ), set by the World Bank.
This is the equivalent of $1.00 a day in 1996 US prices, hence the widely used expression "living on less than a dollar a day".
This number, also known as the international poverty line, is periodically updated to account for inflation and differences in the cost of living; it was originally defined at $1.00 a day in 1996.
Since 1999, the total number of extreme poor has declined by an average of 50 million per year.
Despite the significant number of individuals still below the international poverty line, these figures represent significant progress for the international community, as they reflect a decrease of more than one billion people over 15 years. In public opinion surveys around the globe, people surveyed tend to think that extreme poverty has not decreased. The reduction of extreme poverty and hunger was the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1), as set by the United Nations in 2000.
In these countries, the World Bank found that progress in poverty reduction is the slowest, the poor live under the worst conditions, and the most affected persons are children age 12 and under. ==International initiatives== ===Millennium Summit and Millennium Development Goals=== In September 2000, world leaders gathered at the Millennium Summit held in New York, launching the United Nations Millennium Project suggested by then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
Moreover, in 2005, for the first time in recorded history, poverty rates began to fall in every region of the world, including Africa. As aforementioned, the number of people living in extreme poverty has reduced from 1.9 billion to 766 million over the span of the last decades.
The notable exception to this trend was in Sub-Saharan Africa, the only region where the number of people living in extreme poverty rose from 290 million in 1990 to 414 million in 2010, comprising more than a third of those living in extreme poverty worldwide. ====2005 World Summit==== The 2005 World Summit, held in September and was organized to measure international progress towards fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
The number had previously been measured as 1.9 billion in 1990, and 1.2 billion in 2008.
These five countries accounted for the alleviation of 715 million people out of extreme poverty between 1990 and 2010 – more than the global net total of roughly 700 million.
The notable exception to this trend was in Sub-Saharan Africa, the only region where the number of people living in extreme poverty rose from 290 million in 1990 to 414 million in 2010, comprising more than a third of those living in extreme poverty worldwide. ====2005 World Summit==== The 2005 World Summit, held in September and was organized to measure international progress towards fulfilling the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
It depends not only on income but also on access to services" (UN 1995 report of the World Summit for Social Development) Historically, other definitions have been proposed within the United Nations. In 2018, extreme poverty mainly refers to an income below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in 2011 prices, ), set by the World Bank.
It is still in use today, among others, in the current UN Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights adopted by the Human Rights Council in September 2012 ===Consumption-based definition=== Extreme poverty is defined by the international community as living below $1.90 a day, as measured in 2011 international prices (equivalent to $2.12 in 2018).
In 1990, the percentage of the global population living in extreme poverty was 43%, but in 2011, that percentage had dropped down to 21%.
However, some academics, such as Andy Sumner, say that extreme poverty will be increasingly concentrated in middle-income countries, creating a paradox where the world's poor don't actually live in the poorest countries. To help low-income earners, fragile states make the transition towards peace and prosperity, the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States, endorsed by roughly forty countries and multilateral institutions, was created in 2011.
It was held in May 2011 in Istanbul, recognized that the nature of development had fundamentally changed since the 1st conference held almost 30 years earlier.
It is still in use today, among others, in the current UN Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights adopted by the Human Rights Council in September 2012 ===Consumption-based definition=== Extreme poverty is defined by the international community as living below $1.90 a day, as measured in 2011 international prices (equivalent to $2.12 in 2018).
It is vital, but our vision must be broader: to start countries on the path of sustainable development – building on the foundations established by the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro12, and meeting a challenge that no country, developed or developing, has met so far.
Since 2012, the Agency has begun integrating critical gender perspectives across all aspects of its programming to ensure all USAID initiatives work to eliminate gender disparities.
According to the United Nations, "in addition to improving general health and well-being, analysis shows that meeting the reproductive health and contraceptive needs of all women in the developing world more than pays for itself"). In 2013, a prevalent finding in a report by the World Bank was that extreme poverty is most prevalent in low-income countries.
The first goal (SDG 1) is to "End poverty in all its forms everywhere." The HLP report, entitled A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies Through Sustainable Development, was published in May 2013.
Thus, the UN considered the participation of a wide range of stakeholders (not least the LDCs themselves), crucial to the formulation of the conference. ==Organizations working to end extreme poverty== ===International organizations=== ====World Bank==== In 2013, the Board of Governors of the World Bank Group (WBG) set two overriding goals for the WBG to commit itself to in the future.
In President Obama's 2013 State of the Union address, he declared, "So the United States will join with our allies to eradicate such extreme poverty in the next two decades...which is within our reach." In response to Obama's call to action, USAID has made ending extreme poverty central to its mission statement.
In 2013, Save the Children reached over 143 million children through their work, including over 52 million children directly.
In 2014 alone, DfID will help to ensure free and fair elections in 13 countries.
ODI also recently released a paper entitled, "The Chronic Poverty Report 2014–2015: The road to zero extreme poverty", in which its authors assert that though the international communities' goal of ending extreme poverty by 2030 is laudable, much more targeted resources will be necessary to reach said target.
As of 2018, it is estimated that the country with the most people living in extreme poverty is Nigeria, at 86 million. In the past, the vast majority of the world population lived in conditions of extreme poverty. The percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to under 20% by 2015.
Specifically, the target was to reduce the extreme poverty rate by half by 2015, a goal that was met five years ahead of schedule.
The latest revision was made in 2015 when the World Bank increased the line to international-$1.90. Because many of the world's poorest people do not have a monetary income, the poverty measurement is based on the monetary value of a person's consumption.
However, the MPI only presents data from 105 countries, so it cannot be used for global measurements. ==Share of the population living in extreme poverty== 89,689,700 people were pushed below the $1.90 ($2011 PPP) poverty line by out-of-pocket health care expenditure in 2015 in the world.
This halving of the extreme poverty rate falls in line with the first Millennium Development Goal (MDG1) proposed by former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who called on the international community at the turn of the century to reduce the percentage of people in extreme poverty by half by 2015. This reduction in extreme poverty took place most notably in China, Indonesia, India, Pakistan and Vietnam.
Prior to the launch of the conference, the office of Secretary-General Annan released a report entitled "We The Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century." In this document, now widely known as the Millennium Report, Kofi Annan called on the international community to reduce the proportion of people in extreme poverty by half by 2015, a target that would affect over 1 billion people.
However, at the end of the summit, the conference attendees reaffirmed the UN's commitment to achieve the MDGs by 2015 and urged all supranational, national and non-governmental organizations to follow suit. ===Sustainable Development Goals=== As the expiration of the Millennium Development Goals approached in 2015, the UN convened a panel to advise on a Post-2015 Development Agenda, which led to a new set of 17 goals for 2030 titled the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
By 2015, DfID will have helped 9 million children attend primary school, at least half of which will be girls.
In October 2017, the World Bank updated the international poverty line, a global absolute minimum, to $1.90 a day.
It depends not only on income but also on access to services" (UN 1995 report of the World Summit for Social Development) Historically, other definitions have been proposed within the United Nations. In 2018, extreme poverty mainly refers to an income below the international poverty line of $1.90 per day (in 2011 prices, ), set by the World Bank.
As of 2018, it is estimated that the country with the most people living in extreme poverty is Nigeria, at 86 million. In the past, the vast majority of the world population lived in conditions of extreme poverty. The percentage of the global population living in absolute poverty fell from over 80% in 1800 to under 20% by 2015.
It is still in use today, among others, in the current UN Guiding Principles on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights adopted by the Human Rights Council in September 2012 ===Consumption-based definition=== Extreme poverty is defined by the international community as living below $1.90 a day, as measured in 2011 international prices (equivalent to $2.12 in 2018).
Additionally, the WBG set an interim target of reducing extreme poverty to below 9 percent by 2020.
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