Because the effect is due to virtual particles mediating a static field effect, it is subject to the comments about static fields discussed above. ====EPR paradox==== The EPR paradox refers to a famous thought experiment of Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen that was realized experimentally for the first time by Alain Aspect in 1981 and 1982 in the Aspect experiment.
Because the effect is due to virtual particles mediating a static field effect, it is subject to the comments about static fields discussed above. ====EPR paradox==== The EPR paradox refers to a famous thought experiment of Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen that was realized experimentally for the first time by Alain Aspect in 1981 and 1982 in the Aspect experiment.
Since 1983, the SI unit of length (the meter) has been defined using the speed of light. The experimental determination has been made in vacuum.
However, no information can be transmitted this way; the answer to whether or not the measurement actually affects the other quantum system comes down to which interpretation of quantum mechanics one subscribes to. An experiment performed in 1997 by Nicolas Gisin has demonstrated non-local quantum correlations between particles separated by over 10 kilometers.
However, it was shown in 2011 that a single photon may not travel faster than c.
Further measurements are going to be conducted. ===OPERA neutrino anomaly=== On September 22, 2011, a preprint from the OPERA Collaboration indicated detection of 17 and 28 GeV muon neutrinos, sent 730 kilometers (454 miles) from CERN near Geneva, Switzerland to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory in Italy, traveling faster than light by a relative amount of (approximately 1 in 40,000), a statistic with 6.0-sigma significance.
On 17 November 2011, a second follow-up experiment by OPERA scientists confirmed their initial results.
After the detectors for the project were upgraded in 2012, MINOS corrected their initial result and found agreement with the speed of light.
In March 2012, the ICARUS collaboration failed to reproduce the OPERA results with their equipment, detecting neutrino travel time from CERN to the Gran Sasso National Laboratory indistinguishable from the speed of light.
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