The country plays also a significant role in former colonies and territories of the Italian Empire and is considered a key player in the Mediterranean region. ==History== The Risorgimento was the era 1830–1870 that saw the emergence of a national consciousness.
The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918 (1954), covers all European diplomacy
Italy and the wider world 1860-1960 (2013) excerpt Bosworth, Richard.
Located in Europe, Italy has been considered a major Western power since its unification in 1861.
Italians achieved independence from Austria and from the House of Bourbon, securing national unification in 1861.
Italy captured Rome in 1870 and later formed the Triple Alliance (1882) with Germany and Austria. Italy defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1911–1912.
Italian Foreign Policy, 1870-1940 (2001) Maurizio Marinelli, Giovanni Andornino, Italy's Encounter with Modern China: Imperial dreams, strategic ambitions, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Maurizio Marinelli, "The Genesis of the Italian Concession in Tianjin: A Combination of Wishful Thinking and Realpolitik".
Italy captured Rome in 1870 and later formed the Triple Alliance (1882) with Germany and Austria. Italy defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1911–1912.
By 1914, Italy had acquired in Africa a colony on the Red Sea coast (Eritrea), a large protectorate in Somalia and administrative authority in formerly Turkish Libya.
Two leaders, Prime Minister Antonio Salandra and Foreign Minister Sidney Sonnino made the decisions; their primary motivation was seizure of territory from Austria, as secretly promised by Britain and France in the Treaty of London of 1915.
The legend of the mutilated victory: Italy, the Great War, and the Paris Peace Conference, 1915-1919 (1993). Burgwyn, H.
The Allies defeated the Austrian Empire in 1918 and Italy became one of the main winners of the war.
Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period, 1918-1940 (1997) excerpt and text search Cassels, Alan.
Italian Foreign Policy, 1918-1945: A Guide to Research and Research Materials (1997) Chabod, Federico.
At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando focused almost exclusively on territorial gains, but he got far less than he wanted, and Italians were bitterly resentful when they were denied control of the city of Fiume.
Also, Italy occupied southern Albania and established a protectorate over Albania, which remained in place until 1920.
Civil unrest erupted in Italy between nationalists who supported the war effort and opposed what they called the "mutilated victory" (as nationalists referred to it) and leftists who were opposed to the war. The Fascist government that came to power with Benito Mussolini in 1922 sought to increase the size of the Italian empire and to satisfy the claims of Italian irredentists.
Mussolini and his Generals: The Armed Forces and Fascist Foreign Policy, 1922-1940 (2007) excerpt and text search Lowe, C.
In 1935–36, in its second invasion of Ethiopia Italy was successful and merged its new conquest with its older east African colonies.
In 1939, Italy invaded Albania and incorporated it into the Fascist state.
Italy was granted a United Nations trust to administer Somaliland in 1950.
When Somalia became independent in 1960, Italy's eight-decade experience with colonialism ended. ==Relations by region and country== ===Africa=== ===Americas=== ===Asia=== ===Europe=== ===Oceania=== ==International institutions== Italy is part of the UN, EU, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE the DAC, the WTO, the G6, G7, G8, G10, G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, the Central European Initiative, the ASEM, the MEF, the ISA.
Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 15 (4), 2010: 536–556. Sette, Alessandro.
Italian Foreign Policy, 1870-1940 (2001) Maurizio Marinelli, Giovanni Andornino, Italy's Encounter with Modern China: Imperial dreams, strategic ambitions, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Maurizio Marinelli, "The Genesis of the Italian Concession in Tianjin: A Combination of Wishful Thinking and Realpolitik".
Berlusconi ‘The Diplomat’: Populism and Foreign Policy in Italy (Springer, 2018). Faherty, Douglas M.
Italian Foreign Policy During Matteo Renzi's Government: A Domestically Focused Outsider and the World (Rowman & Littlefield, 2019). Croci, Osvaldo.
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