Zambia's policy of liberation through diplomacy and discreet support for African nationalist movements within the region is most poignant in the South African case. ==== Zimbabwe ==== Zambia has also provided key support to the liberation struggles of nearby Zimbabwe from their colonial rulers in the 1960s to 1970's.
For instance, former South African president Nelson Mandela often referred to the debt South Africa owes Zambia. Before Zambian independence, Kaunda met with John F Kennedy while visiting the United States in 1961, and he would meet with Lyndon Johnson, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W.
After independence in 1964 the foreign relations of Zambia were mostly focused on supporting liberation movements in other countries in Southern Africa, such as the African National Congress and SWAPO.
An additional dispute with the Democratic Republic of Congo concerns the Lunchinda-Pweto Enclave. ==History== After independence in 1964, Zambia was one of the most vocal opponents to white minority rule and colonialism.
President Kenneth Kaunda, who held office 1964–1991, was a very visible advocate of change in Southern Africa.
The head of the mission is Tens Chisola Kapoma. ==Regional Diplomacy== Following the independence of Zambia on 24 October 1964, the country has lent military aid and support to numerous movements and governments on the international stage.
He actively supported UNITA during the Angolan liberation and civil war, SWAPO during their fight for Namibian independence from apartheid South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and the African National Congress in their fight against apartheid in South Africa. Many of these organizations were based in Zambia during the 1970s and 1980s.
The country hosted the 3rd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in 1970.
The Zambian Defense Force (ZDF), which consists of the Zambian Army, Zambian Air force and Zambian National Service, has played a key part in a multitude of key regional and international conflicts throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Due to pressures from within Namibia, SWAPO moved its headquarters and much of its forces into neighboring Zambia in the 1970s.
Zambia's policy of liberation through diplomacy and discreet support for African nationalist movements within the region is most poignant in the South African case. ==== Zimbabwe ==== Zambia has also provided key support to the liberation struggles of nearby Zimbabwe from their colonial rulers in the 1960s to 1970's.
Eventually, in 1979, the Rhodesian government submitted to international pressures and conducted elections that lead to the eventual renaming of the country as Zimbabwe. ==== UNITA ==== The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) was a party in Angola that served as one of the main belligerents in the Angolan Civil War of 1975 against People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).
The Angolan Civil War waged on from 1975 onward and involved massive foreign intervention in the face of the Cold War.
Eventually, in 1979, the Rhodesian government submitted to international pressures and conducted elections that lead to the eventual renaming of the country as Zimbabwe. ==== UNITA ==== The National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) was a party in Angola that served as one of the main belligerents in the Angolan Civil War of 1975 against People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA).
He actively supported UNITA during the Angolan liberation and civil war, SWAPO during their fight for Namibian independence from apartheid South Africa, Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and the African National Congress in their fight against apartheid in South Africa. Many of these organizations were based in Zambia during the 1970s and 1980s.
The Zambian Defense Force (ZDF), which consists of the Zambian Army, Zambian Air force and Zambian National Service, has played a key part in a multitude of key regional and international conflicts throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
His government played a constructive regional role sponsoring Angola peace talks that led to the 1994 Lusaka Protocols.
Zambia was the first African state to cooperate with the International Tribunal investigation of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. In 1998, Zambia took the lead in efforts to establish a cease-fire in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
The treaty was signed in Lusaka on 20 November 1994 and garnered international support, as well as support from Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe and South African President Nelson Mandela.
Zambia was the first African state to cooperate with the International Tribunal investigation of the 1994 Rwanda genocide. In 1998, Zambia took the lead in efforts to establish a cease-fire in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Ultimately the fighting resumed, and by 1998, the peace process ceased. ==== The Second Congo War ==== The Second Congo war was a major African continental war that began in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1998, and involved nine different African countries.
Zambia was active in the Congolese peace effort after the signing of a cease-fire agreement in Lusaka in July and August 1999, although activity diminished considerably after the Joint Military Commission tasked with implementing the ceasefire relocated to Kinshasa in September 2001. ==International organizations== Zambia is a member of 44 different international organisations.
Representatives from various international organizations such as the United Nations, met on 21–27 June 1999 in Lusaka in order to draft a resolution to the conflict.
Heads of state from Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe convened in Lusaka, Zambia on 10 July 1999 to sign the Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement.
Zambia was active in the Congolese peace effort after the signing of a cease-fire agreement in Lusaka in July and August 1999, although activity diminished considerably after the Joint Military Commission tasked with implementing the ceasefire relocated to Kinshasa in September 2001. ==International organizations== Zambia is a member of 44 different international organisations.
Ultimately hostilities continued despite the passage of the Peace Agreement, and the official fighting did not resolve itself until 2003. ===African cooperation=== Zambia is a member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now known as the African Union, and was its chairman until July 2002.
Ultimately hostilities continued despite the passage of the Peace Agreement, and the official fighting did not resolve itself until 2003. ===African cooperation=== Zambia is a member of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), now known as the African Union, and was its chairman until July 2002.
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