Siegfried Fred Singer (September 27, 1924 – April 6, 2020) was an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, trained as an atmospheric physicist.
Following the Anschluss between Nazi Germany and Austria in 1938, the family fled Austria, and Singer departed on a children's transport train with other Jewish children.
He received a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (B.E.E.) from Ohio State University in 1943, and an A.M.
Several years later he emigrated to Ohio and became an American citizen in 1944.
in physics from Princeton in 1944.
Robert Oppenheimer and Niels Bohr. ==Career== ===1950: United States Navy=== After his masters, Singer joined the armed forces, working for the United States Navy on mine warfare and countermeasures from 1944 until 1946.
Robert Oppenheimer and Niels Bohr. ==Career== ===1950: United States Navy=== After his masters, Singer joined the armed forces, working for the United States Navy on mine warfare and countermeasures from 1944 until 1946.
He was discharged in 1946 and joined the Upper Atmosphere Rocket Program at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Silver Spring, Maryland, working there until 1950.
in physics from Princeton University in 1948 and working as a scientific liaison officer in the U.S.
He was discharged in 1946 and joined the Upper Atmosphere Rocket Program at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Silver Spring, Maryland, working there until 1950.
Rachel White Scheuering writes that for one mission to launch a rocket, he sailed with a naval operation to the Arctic, and also conducted rocket launching from ships at the equator. From 1950 to 1953, he was attached to the U.S.
While there, he was one of eight delegates with a background in guided weapons projects to address the Fourth International Congress of Astronautics in Zurich in August 1953, at a time when, as The New York Times reported, most scientists saw space flight as thinly disguised science fiction. ===1951: Design of early satellites=== Singer was one of the first scientists to urge the launching of earth satellites for scientific observation during the 1950s.
In 1994 he compared model results to observed temperatures and found that the predicted temperatures for 1950–1980 deviated from the temperatures that had actually occurred, from which he concluded in his regular column in The Washington Times—with the headline that day "Climate Claims Wither under the Luminous Lights of Science"—that climate models are faulty.
In 1951 or 1952 he proposed the MOUSE ("Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth"), a satellite that would contain Geiger counters for measuring cosmic rays, photo cells for scanning the Earth, telemetry electronics for sending data back to Earth, a magnetic data storage device, and rudimentary solar energy cells.
In 1951 or 1952 he proposed the MOUSE ("Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth"), a satellite that would contain Geiger counters for measuring cosmic rays, photo cells for scanning the Earth, telemetry electronics for sending data back to Earth, a magnetic data storage device, and rudimentary solar energy cells.
Rachel White Scheuering writes that for one mission to launch a rocket, he sailed with a naval operation to the Arctic, and also conducted rocket launching from ships at the equator. From 1950 to 1953, he was attached to the U.S.
While there, he was one of eight delegates with a background in guided weapons projects to address the Fourth International Congress of Astronautics in Zurich in August 1953, at a time when, as The New York Times reported, most scientists saw space flight as thinly disguised science fiction. ===1951: Design of early satellites=== Singer was one of the first scientists to urge the launching of earth satellites for scientific observation during the 1950s.
This technique was later used on early weather satellites. ===1953: University of Maryland=== Singer moved back to the United States in 1953, where he took up an associate professorship in physics at the University of Maryland, and at the same time served as the director of the Center for Atmospheric and Space Physics.
Although MOUSE never flew, the Baltimore News-Post reported in 1957 that had Singer's arguments about the need for satellites been heeded, the U.S.
He became a full professor at Maryland in 1959, and was chosen that year by the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce as one of the country's ten outstanding young men. In a January 1960 presentation to the American Physical Society, Singer sketched out his vision of what the environment around the earth might consist of, extending up to into space.
He became a full professor at Maryland in 1959, and was chosen that year by the United States Junior Chamber of Commerce as one of the country's ten outstanding young men. In a January 1960 presentation to the American Physical Society, Singer sketched out his vision of what the environment around the earth might consist of, extending up to into space.
In December 1960, he suggested the existence of a shell of visible dust particles around the earth some 600 to in space, beyond which there was a layer of smaller particles, a micrometre or less in diameter, extending 2,000 to .
Opik, were given a $97,000 grant by NASA to conduct a three-year study of interplanetary gas and dust. ===1960: Artificial Phobos hypothesis=== In a 1960 Astronautics newsletter, Singer commented on Iosif Shklovsky's hypothesis that the orbit of the Martian moon Phobos suggests that it is hollow, which implies it is of artificial origin.
In March 1961 Singer and another University of Maryland physicist, E.
He became a leading figure in early space research, was involved in the development of earth observation satellites, and in 1962 established the National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center.
He was the founding dean of the University of Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences in 1964, and held several government positions, including deputy assistant administrator for the Environmental Protection Agency, and chief scientist for the Department of Transportation.
He stayed there until 1964.
That's what happens to most scientists." When he stepped down as director he received a Department of Commerce Gold Medal award for Distinguished Federal Service. In 1964, he became the first dean of the School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences at the University of Miami in 1964, the first school of its kind in the country, dedicated to space-age research.
In December 1965, The New York Times reported on a conference Singer hosted in Miami Beach during which five groups of scientists, working independently, presented research identifying what they believed was the remains of a primordial flash that occurred when the universe was born. ===1967: Department of Interior and EPA=== In 1967 he accepted the position of deputy assistant secretary with the U.S.
During an international space symposium in May 1966, attended by space scientists from the United States and Soviet Union, he first proposed that manned landings on the Martian moons would be a logical step after a manned landing on the Earth's moon.
In December 1965, The New York Times reported on a conference Singer hosted in Miami Beach during which five groups of scientists, working independently, presented research identifying what they believed was the remains of a primordial flash that occurred when the universe was born. ===1967: Department of Interior and EPA=== In 1967 he accepted the position of deputy assistant secretary with the U.S.
In several papers in the 1990s and 2000s he struck up other positions against the mainstream, questioning the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss. In October 1967, Singer wrote an article for The Washington Post from the perspective of 2007.
Ufologists continue to present Singer as an unconditional supporter of Shklovsky's artificial Phobos hypothesis. Time magazine wrote in 1969 that Singer had had a lifelong fascination with Phobos and Mars's second moon, Deimos.
He told Time magazine in 1969 that he enjoyed moving around.
Environmental Protection Agency was created on 1970, he became its deputy assistant administrator of policy. ===1971–1994 University of Virginia=== Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy.
Throughout the 1970s, for example, he downplayed the idea of an energy crisis and said it was largely a media event.
His death was confirmed by Rochelle Lieberman, a cousin of Singer. ==Selected publications== Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (Reidel, 1970) Manned Laboratories in Space (Reidel, 1970) Is There an Optimum Level of Population? (McGraw-Hill, 1971) The Changing Global Environment (Reidel, 1975) Arid Zone Development (Ballinger, 1977) Economic Effects of Demographic Changes (Joint Economic Committee, U.S.
He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.
Environmental Protection Agency was created on 1970, he became its deputy assistant administrator of policy. ===1971–1994 University of Virginia=== Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy.
His death was confirmed by Rochelle Lieberman, a cousin of Singer. ==Selected publications== Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (Reidel, 1970) Manned Laboratories in Space (Reidel, 1970) Is There an Optimum Level of Population? (McGraw-Hill, 1971) The Changing Global Environment (Reidel, 1975) Arid Zone Development (Ballinger, 1977) Economic Effects of Demographic Changes (Joint Economic Committee, U.S.
Photographs by probes beginning in 1972 show a natural stony surface with craters.
His death was confirmed by Rochelle Lieberman, a cousin of Singer. ==Selected publications== Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (Reidel, 1970) Manned Laboratories in Space (Reidel, 1970) Is There an Optimum Level of Population? (McGraw-Hill, 1971) The Changing Global Environment (Reidel, 1975) Arid Zone Development (Ballinger, 1977) Economic Effects of Demographic Changes (Joint Economic Committee, U.S.
His death was confirmed by Rochelle Lieberman, a cousin of Singer. ==Selected publications== Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (Reidel, 1970) Manned Laboratories in Space (Reidel, 1970) Is There an Optimum Level of Population? (McGraw-Hill, 1971) The Changing Global Environment (Reidel, 1975) Arid Zone Development (Ballinger, 1977) Economic Effects of Demographic Changes (Joint Economic Committee, U.S.
Congress, 1977) Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Decisionmaking (Mitre Corp, 1979) Energy (W.H.
Congress, 1977) Cost-Benefit Analysis in Environmental Decisionmaking (Mitre Corp, 1979) Energy (W.H.
Freeman, 1979) The Price of World Oil (Annual Review of Energy, Vol.
8, 1983) Free Market Energy (Universe Books, 1984) Oil Policy in a Changing Market (Annual Review of Energy, Vol.
8, 1983) Free Market Energy (Universe Books, 1984) Oil Policy in a Changing Market (Annual Review of Energy, Vol.
In 1987 he took up a two-year post as chief scientist at the Department of Transportation, and in 1989 joined the Institute of Space Science and Technology in Gainesville, Florida where he contributed to a paper on the results from the Interplanetary Dust Experiment using data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite.
12, 1987) The Ocean in Human Affairs (Paragon House, 1989) The Universe and Its Origin: From Ancient Myths to Present Reality and Future Fantasy (Paragon House, 1990) Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences (Paragon House, 1989) The Greenhouse Debate Continued (ICS Press, 1992) The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty (SEPP, 1997) Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (The Independent Institute, 1997) with Dennis Avery.
In 1987 he took up a two-year post as chief scientist at the Department of Transportation, and in 1989 joined the Institute of Space Science and Technology in Gainesville, Florida where he contributed to a paper on the results from the Interplanetary Dust Experiment using data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite.
12, 1987) The Ocean in Human Affairs (Paragon House, 1989) The Universe and Its Origin: From Ancient Myths to Present Reality and Future Fantasy (Paragon House, 1990) Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences (Paragon House, 1989) The Greenhouse Debate Continued (ICS Press, 1992) The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty (SEPP, 1997) Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (The Independent Institute, 1997) with Dennis Avery.
He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.
In several papers in the 1990s and 2000s he struck up other positions against the mainstream, questioning the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss. In October 1967, Singer wrote an article for The Washington Post from the perspective of 2007.
In an article in American Thinker, he complains about bad arguments used by the "deniers," saying that "Climate deniers are giving us skeptics a bad name." ====SEPP and funding==== In 1990 Singer set up the Science & Environmental Policy Project (SEPP) to argue against preventive measures against global warming.
A 1990 article for the Cato Institute identifies Singer as the director of the science and environmental policy project at the Washington Institute for Values in Public Policy, on leave from the University of Virginia.
12, 1987) The Ocean in Human Affairs (Paragon House, 1989) The Universe and Its Origin: From Ancient Myths to Present Reality and Future Fantasy (Paragon House, 1990) Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences (Paragon House, 1989) The Greenhouse Debate Continued (ICS Press, 1992) The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty (SEPP, 1997) Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (The Independent Institute, 1997) with Dennis Avery.
After the 1991 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the Earth Summit, Singer started writing and speaking out to cast doubt on the science.
12, 1987) The Ocean in Human Affairs (Paragon House, 1989) The Universe and Its Origin: From Ancient Myths to Present Reality and Future Fantasy (Paragon House, 1990) Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences (Paragon House, 1989) The Greenhouse Debate Continued (ICS Press, 1992) The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty (SEPP, 1997) Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (The Independent Institute, 1997) with Dennis Avery.
The report criticized the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for their 1993 study about the cancer risks of passive smoking, calling it "junk science".
He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.
Environmental Protection Agency was created on 1970, he became its deputy assistant administrator of policy. ===1971–1994 University of Virginia=== Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994, where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy.
He was involved in 1994 as writer and reviewer of a report on the issue by the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, where he was a senior fellow.
In 1994 he compared model results to observed temperatures and found that the predicted temperatures for 1950–1980 deviated from the temperatures that had actually occurred, from which he concluded in his regular column in The Washington Times—with the headline that day "Climate Claims Wither under the Luminous Lights of Science"—that climate models are faulty.
Congresswoman Lynn Rivers questioned Singer's credibility during a congressional hearing in 1995, saying he had not been able to publish anything in a peer-reviewed scientific journal for the previous 15 years, except for one technical comment. ====Criticism of the IPCC==== In 1995 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued a report reflecting the scientific consensus that the balance of evidence suggests there is a discernible human influence on global climate.
When adjustment was made for transient events the data showed a slight warming, and research suggested that the discrepancy between surface and satellite data was largely accounted for by problems such as instrument differences between satellites. Singer wrote the "Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change in the U.S." in 1995, updating it in 1997 to rebut the Kyoto Protocol.
When adjustment was made for transient events the data showed a slight warming, and research suggested that the discrepancy between surface and satellite data was largely accounted for by problems such as instrument differences between satellites. Singer wrote the "Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change in the U.S." in 1995, updating it in 1997 to rebut the Kyoto Protocol.
12, 1987) The Ocean in Human Affairs (Paragon House, 1989) The Universe and Its Origin: From Ancient Myths to Present Reality and Future Fantasy (Paragon House, 1990) Global Climate Change: Human and Natural Influences (Paragon House, 1989) The Greenhouse Debate Continued (ICS Press, 1992) The Scientific Case Against the Global Climate Treaty (SEPP, 1997) Hot Talk, Cold Science: Global Warming's Unfinished Debate (The Independent Institute, 1997) with Dennis Avery.
Scheuering argues that his conclusions concur with the economic interests of the companies that pay him, in that the companies want to see a reduction in environmental regulation. In August 2007 Newsweek reported that in April 1998 a dozen people from what it called "the denial machine" met at the American Petroleum Institute's Washington headquarters.
He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.
In several papers in the 1990s and 2000s he struck up other positions against the mainstream, questioning the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss. In October 1967, Singer wrote an article for The Washington Post from the perspective of 2007.
According to Scheuering, some of them later said they believed they were signing a document in favour of action against climate change. Singer set up the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) in 2004 after the 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Milan.
According to Scheuering, some of them later said they believed they were signing a document in favour of action against climate change. Singer set up the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) in 2004 after the 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Milan.
In 2005 Mother Jones magazine described Singer as a "godfather of global warming denial." However, Singer characterizes himself as a "skeptic" rather than a "denier" of global climate change.
He held a professorship with the University of Virginia from 1971 until 1994, and with George Mason University until 2000. In 1990 Singer founded the Science & Environmental Policy Project, and in 2006 was named by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation as one of a minority of scientists said to be creating a stand-off on a consensus on climate change.
A CBC Fifth Estate documentary in 2006 linked these two debates, naming Singer as a scientist who has acted as a consultant to industry in both areas, either directly or through a public relations firm.
Singer told CBC's The Fifth Estate in 2006 that he stood by the position that the EPA had "cooked the data" to show that second-hand smoke causes lung cancer.
In several papers in the 1990s and 2000s he struck up other positions against the mainstream, questioning the link between UV-B and melanoma rates, and that between CFCs and stratospheric ozone loss. In October 1967, Singer wrote an article for The Washington Post from the perspective of 2007.
In 2007 he collaborated on a study that found tropospheric temperature trends of "Climate of the 20th Century" models differed from satellite observations by twice the model mean uncertainty. Rachel White Scheuering writes that, when SEPP began, it was affiliated with the Washington Institute for Values in Public Policy, a think tank founded by Unification Church leader Sun Myung Moon.
Scheuering argues that his conclusions concur with the economic interests of the companies that pay him, in that the companies want to see a reduction in environmental regulation. In August 2007 Newsweek reported that in April 1998 a dozen people from what it called "the denial machine" met at the American Petroleum Institute's Washington headquarters.
NIPCC organized an international climate workshop in Vienna in April 2007, to provide what they called an independent examination of the evidence for climate change.
Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1500 Years (Rowman & Littlefield, 2007) with Craig Idso.
ABC News reported in March 2008 that Singer said he is not on the payroll of the energy industry, but he acknowledged that SEPP had received one unsolicited charitable donation of $10,000 from ExxonMobil, and that it was one percent of all donations received.
Singer prepared an NIPCC report called "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate," published in March 2008 by the Heartland Institute, a conservative think tank.
At least some people think so." "We are certainly putting more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere," he told The Daily Telegraph in 2009.
Climate Change Reconsidered: 2009 Report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) (2009). == See also == Second-hand smoke Fringe science ==Notes== == Further reading == Oreskes, Naomi and Erik Conway.
That's not my business." In December 2010 he wrote in American Thinker that he is a nonsmoker who finds second-hand smoke an unpleasant irritant that cannot be healthy; he also wrote that his father, a heavy smoker, died of emphysema when relatively young.
In a letter of complaint to ABC News, Singer said their piece used "prejudicial language, distorted facts, libelous insinuations, and anonymous smears". On September 18, 2013, the NIPCC's fourth report, entitled Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science, was published.
Siegfried Fred Singer (September 27, 1924 – April 6, 2020) was an Austrian-born American physicist and emeritus professor of environmental science at the University of Virginia, trained as an atmospheric physicist.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05