Philippe died in a bar fight in New Orleans around 1844. ==Biographical background and publication== Born in 1900 in Atlanta, Margaret Mitchell was a Southerner and writer throughout her life.
Although Scarlett was "born" around 1845, she is portrayed to appeal to modern-day readers for her passionate and independent spirit, determination, and obstinate refusal to feel defeated. ====Historical background==== Marriage was supposed to be the goal of all southern belles, as women's status was largely determined by that of their husbands.
Gerald's mind becomes addled after the death of his wife, Ellen. Susan Elinor ("Suellen") O'Hara: is Scarlett's middle sister, born in 1846.
Mitchell wrote that other field slaves were "loyal" and "refused to avail themselves of the new freedom", but the novel has no field slaves who stay on the plantation to work after they have been emancipated. American William Wells Brown escaped from slavery and published his memoir, or slave narrative, in 1847.
Later, Suellen marries Will Benteen and they have a child, Susie. Caroline Irene ("Carreen") O'Hara: is Scarlett's youngest sister, born in 1848.
The story begins on April 15, 1861, on a plantation owned by the family of wealthy Irish immigrant Gerald O'Hara.
During the time span of the novel, from 1861 to 1873, Scarlett ages from sixteen to twenty-eight years.
Father to Wade Hampton, Charles dies of pneumonia caused by measles, before reaching a battlefield or seeing his son. Wade Hampton Hamilton: is the son of Scarlett and Charles, born in early 1862.
Bacot came from a wealthy South Carolina plantation family that owned 87 slaves. In the fall of 1862, Confederate laws were changed to permit women to be employed in hospitals as members of the Confederate Medical Department.
Several battles are mentioned or depicted in Gone with the Wind. ====Early and mid war years==== Seven Days Battles, June 25 – July 1, 1862, Richmond, Virginia, Confederate victory. Battle of Fredericksburg, December 11 – 15, 1862, Fredericksburg, Virginia, Confederate victory. Streight's Raid, April 19 – May 3, 1863, in northern Alabama.
They choose to stay with their masters after the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and subsequent Thirteenth Amendment of 1865 sets them free.
Several battles are mentioned or depicted in Gone with the Wind. ====Early and mid war years==== Seven Days Battles, June 25 – July 1, 1862, Richmond, Virginia, Confederate victory. Battle of Fredericksburg, December 11 – 15, 1862, Fredericksburg, Virginia, Confederate victory. Streight's Raid, April 19 – May 3, 1863, in northern Alabama.
They did not expect defeat." Battle of Chickamauga, September 19–20, 1863, northwestern Georgia.
The first fighting in Georgia and the most significant Union defeat. Chattanooga Campaign, November–December 1863, Tennessee, Union victory.
By September 1864, Atlanta is besieged from three sides.
She dies from typhoid in August 1864 after nursing Emmie Slattery. Gerald O'Hara: is Scarlett's Irish father.
The city became the supply and logistics base for Sherman's 1864 Atlanta Campaign. ====Atlanta Campaign==== The Atlanta Campaign (May–September 1864) took place in northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta. Confederate General Johnston fights and retreats from Dalton (May 7–13) to Resaca (May 13–15) to Kennesaw Mountain (June 27).
Once again, General Sherman flanks the Confederate army, forcing Johnston to retreat to Peachtree Creek (July 20), five miles northeast of Atlanta. Battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta.
The city would not fall until September 2, 1864.
Heavy losses for Confederate General Hood. Battle of Ezra Church, July 28, 1864, Sherman's failed attack west of Atlanta where the railroad entered the city. Battle of Utoy Creek, August 5–7, 1864, Sherman's failed attempt to break the railroad line at East Point, into Atlanta from the west, heavy Union losses. Battle of Jonesborough, August 31 – September 1, 1864, Sherman successfully cut the railroad lines from the south into Atlanta.
The city of Atlanta was abandoned by General Hood and then occupied by Union troops for the rest of the war. ====March to the Sea==== The Savannah Campaign was conducted in Georgia during November and December 1864. ====President Lincoln's murder==== Although Abraham Lincoln is mentioned in the novel 14 times, no reference is made to his assassination on April 14, 1865. ===Manhood=== Ashley Wilkes is the beau ideal of Southern manhood in Scarlet's eyes.
They choose to stay with their masters after the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and subsequent Thirteenth Amendment of 1865 sets them free.
We have to walk, and when we give the men any thing kneel, in blood and water; but we think nothing of it at all. ===Battles=== The Civil War came to an end on April 26, 1865, when Confederate General Johnston surrendered his armies in the Carolinas Campaign to Union General Sherman.
The city of Atlanta was abandoned by General Hood and then occupied by Union troops for the rest of the war. ====March to the Sea==== The Savannah Campaign was conducted in Georgia during November and December 1864. ====President Lincoln's murder==== Although Abraham Lincoln is mentioned in the novel 14 times, no reference is made to his assassination on April 14, 1865. ===Manhood=== Ashley Wilkes is the beau ideal of Southern manhood in Scarlet's eyes.
Wade is seven years old in 1869 when his half-sister Eugenie Victoria, is born.
Bonnie is four years old in 1873.
During the time span of the novel, from 1861 to 1873, Scarlett ages from sixteen to twenty-eight years.
Philippe died in a bar fight in New Orleans around 1844. ==Biographical background and publication== Born in 1900 in Atlanta, Margaret Mitchell was a Southerner and writer throughout her life.
Under an extension of copyright law, Gone with the Wind will not enter the public domain in the United States until 2031, however. ==See also== Lost Laysen, 1916 novella also written by Margaret Mitchell Southern literature Southern Renaissance Le Monde 100 Books of the Century ==References== ==Further reading== Adams, Amanda.
After studying at Smith College for a year during which time her mother died from the 1918 pandemic flu, Mitchell returned to Atlanta.
You kain sen' me nowhar Ah doan wanter go," but Mammy remains duty-bound to "Miss Ellen's chile." (No other name for Mammy is given in the novel.) Eighteen years before the publication of Gone with the Wind, an article titled, "The Old Black Mammy," written in the Confederate Veteran in 1918, discussed the romanticized view of the mammy character persisting in Southern literature: ...
Time magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo included the novel on their list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.
He had been the best man at her first wedding. Margaret Mitchell began writing Gone with the Wind in 1926 to pass the time while recovering from a slow-healing injury from an auto crash.
(Mitchell's use of the word "queer" is for its sexual connotation because queer, in the 1930s, was associated with homosexuality.) Ashley's effeminacy is associated with his appearance, his lack of forcefulness and sexual impotency.
In April 1935, Harold Latham of Macmillan, an editor looking for new fiction, read her manuscript and saw that it could be a best-seller.
Gone with the Wind is a novel by American writer Margaret Mitchell, first published in 1936.
This historical novel features a coming-of-age story, with the title taken from the poem “Non Sum Qualis eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae”, written by Ernest Dowson. Gone with the Wind was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.
Gone with the Wind was published in June 1936. ==Title== The author tentatively titled the novel Tomorrow Is Another Day, from its last line.
The stamp, designed by Howard Paine, displays the book with its original dust jacket, a white Magnolia blossom, and a hilt placed against a background of green velvet. To commemorate the 75th anniversary (2011) of the publication of Gone with the Wind in 1936, Scribner published a paperback edition featuring the book's original jacket art. ===The Windies=== The Windies are ardent Gone with the Wind fans who follow all the latest news and events surrounding the book and film.
The last four chapters of the novel are held by the Pequot Library of Southport, Connecticut. ===Publication and reprintings (1936-USA)=== The first printing of 10,000 copies contains the original publication date: "Published May, 1936".
The second printing of 25,000 copies (and subsequent printings) contains the release date: "Published June, 1936." The third printing of 15,000 copies was made in June 1936.
Gone with the Wind was officially released to the American public on June 30, 1936. ===Sequels and prequels=== Although Mitchell refused to write a sequel to Gone with the Wind, Mitchell's estate authorized Alexandra Ripley to write a sequel, which was titled Scarlett.
Margaret Mitchell's Gone with the Wind Letters, 1936–1949.
This historical novel features a coming-of-age story, with the title taken from the poem “Non Sum Qualis eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae”, written by Ernest Dowson. Gone with the Wind was popular with American readers from the outset and was the top American fiction bestseller in 1936 and 1937.
The novel has been absorbed into American popular culture. Mitchell received the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for the book in 1937.
It was adapted into the 1939 film of the same name, which has been considered to be one of the greatest movies ever made and also received the Academy Award for Best Picture during the 12th annual Academy Awards ceremony.
She said that the popular 1939 film "promotes a false notion of the Old South".
In 2003, the book was listed at number 21 on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's "best-loved novel." ==Adaptations== Gone with the Wind has been adapted several times for stage and screen: The novel was the basis of the classic Academy Award-winning 1939 film of the same name.
It was revived in their 2013 season. A new stage adaptation by Niki Landau premiered at the Manitoba Theatre Center in Winnipeg, Canada in January 2013. ==In popular culture== Gone with the Wind has appeared in many places and forms in popular culture: ===Books, television and more=== A 1945 cartoon by World War II cartoonist, Bill Mauldin, shows an American soldier lying on the ground with Margaret Mitchell's bullet-riddled book.
New York: Morrow, 1965. Gomez-Galisteo, M.
Selznick and stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland. The book was adapted into a musical, Scarlett, which opened in Tokyo in 1970 (in 1966 it was produced as a nine-hour play without music), and in London in 1972, where it was reduced to four hours.
Selznick and stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland. The book was adapted into a musical, Scarlett, which opened in Tokyo in 1970 (in 1966 it was produced as a nine-hour play without music), and in London in 1972, where it was reduced to four hours.
Selznick and stars Clark Gable, Vivien Leigh and Olivia de Havilland. The book was adapted into a musical, Scarlett, which opened in Tokyo in 1970 (in 1966 it was produced as a nine-hour play without music), and in London in 1972, where it was reduced to four hours.
The London production opened in 1973 in Los Angeles, and again in Dallas in 1976. The Japanese Takarazuka Revue produced a musical adaptation of the novel, Kaze to Tomo ni Sarinu, which was performed by the all-female Moon Troupe in 1977.
The London production opened in 1973 in Los Angeles, and again in Dallas in 1976. The Japanese Takarazuka Revue produced a musical adaptation of the novel, Kaze to Tomo ni Sarinu, which was performed by the all-female Moon Troupe in 1977.
Hinton's runaway teenage characters, "Ponyboy" and "Johnny," read while hiding from the law in the young adult novel The Outsiders (1967). A film parody titled "Went with the Wind!" aired in a 1976 episode of The Carol Burnett Show.
New York: Macmillan, 1976. Haskell, Molly.
The London production opened in 1973 in Los Angeles, and again in Dallas in 1976. The Japanese Takarazuka Revue produced a musical adaptation of the novel, Kaze to Tomo ni Sarinu, which was performed by the all-female Moon Troupe in 1977.
Gone with the Wind as Book and Film Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1983. Harwell, Richard, ed.
Florida International University Press, 1983. Pyron, Darden Asbury.
Mitchell was not involved in the screenplay or film production. James Loewen, author of Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong, says this novel is "profoundly racist and profoundly wrong." In 1984, an alderman in Waukegan, Illinois challenged the book's inclusion on the reading list of the Waukegan School District on the grounds of "racism" and "unacceptable language." He objected to the frequent use of the racial slur nigger.
In one ending, Scarlett pursues Rhett wearing a jet pack. ===Collectibles=== On June 30, 1986, the 50th anniversary of the day Gone with the Wind went on sale, the U.S.
Milland or Audrey Dee Milland, by at least four different authors (who are named in the colophon as translators to make the book seem a translation from the English original, a procedure common in the 1990s but prohibited by law since then).
Athens, GA: Hill Street Press, 1991. Rubin, Anne Sarah.
By law and Southern social convention, household heads were adult, white propertied males, and all white women and all African Americans were thought to require protection and guidance because they lacked the capacity for reason and self-control. The Atlanta Historical Society has produced a number of Gone with the Wind exhibits, among them a 1994 exhibit titled, "Disputed Territories: Gone with the Wind and Southern Myths".
The book was subsequently adapted into a television mini-series in 1994.
It ends with Rhetch and Ashtray running off together. A pictorial parody in which the slaves are white and the protagonists are black appeared in a 1995 issue of Vanity Fair titled "Scarlett 'n the Hood". In a MADtv comedy sketch (2007), "Slave Girl #8" introduces three alternative endings to the film.
African Americans and Irish Americans are treated "in precisely the same way" in Gone with the Wind, writes David O'Connell in his 1996 book, The Irish Roots of Margaret Mitchell's Gone With the Wind.
Postal Service's Great Americans series. On September 10, 1998, the U.S.
Other books include a prequel trilogy about Scarlett's grandmother Solange and a three-part miniseries of a supposed illegitimate daughter of Carreen. === Copyright status === Gone with the Wind has been in the public domain in Australia since 1999 (50 years after Margaret Mitchell's death).
In 2003, the book was listed at number 21 on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's "best-loved novel." ==Adaptations== Gone with the Wind has been adapted several times for stage and screen: The novel was the basis of the classic Academy Award-winning 1939 film of the same name.
The most recent performance was in January 2014 by the Moon Troupe, with Todoroki Yuu as Rhett Butler and Ryu Masaki as Scarlett O'Hara. A 2003 French musical adaptation was produced by Gérard Presgurvic, Autant en emporte le vent. The book was adapted into a British musical Gone with the Wind and opened in 2008 in the U.K.
Time magazine critics Lev Grossman and Richard Lacayo included the novel on their list of the 100 best English-language novels published between 1923 and 2005.
Marietta, GA: First Works Publishing Co., Inc., 2006. Brown, Ellen F.
at the New London Theatre. A full-length three-act classical ballet version, with a score arranged from the works of Antonín Dvořák and choreographed by Lilla Pártay, premiered in 2007 as performed by the Hungarian National Ballet.
It is ranked as the second favorite book by American readers, just behind the Bible, according to a 2008 Harris poll.
The most recent performance was in January 2014 by the Moon Troupe, with Todoroki Yuu as Rhett Butler and Ryu Masaki as Scarlett O'Hara. A 2003 French musical adaptation was produced by Gérard Presgurvic, Autant en emporte le vent. The book was adapted into a British musical Gone with the Wind and opened in 2008 in the U.K.
As of 2010, more than 30 million copies have been printed in the United States and abroad.
In 2010, Mitchell's estate authorized McCaig to write a prequel, which follows the life of the house servant Mammy, whom McCaig names "Ruth".
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2010. Pyron, Darden Asbury, ed.
Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade, 2011. Dickey, Jennifer W.
Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2011. Haag, John.
In the film, she is attacked by a white man, while a black man grabs the horse's bridle. The Library of Congress began a multiyear "Celebration of the Book" in July 2012 with an exhibition on Books That Shaped America, and an initial list of 88 books by American authors that have influenced American lives.
Margaret Mitchell's personal collection of nearly 70 foreign language translations of her novel was given to the Atlanta Public Library after her death. On August 16, 2012, the Archdiocese of Atlanta announced that it had been bequeathed a 50% stake in the trademarks and literary rights to Gone With the Wind from the estate of Margaret Mitchell's deceased nephew, Joseph Mitchell.
It was revived in their 2013 season. A new stage adaptation by Niki Landau premiered at the Manitoba Theatre Center in Winnipeg, Canada in January 2013. ==In popular culture== Gone with the Wind has appeared in many places and forms in popular culture: ===Books, television and more=== A 1945 cartoon by World War II cartoonist, Bill Mauldin, shows an American soldier lying on the ground with Margaret Mitchell's bullet-riddled book.
As of 2014, a Harris poll found it to be the second favorite book of American readers, just behind the Bible.
In a 2014 Harris poll, Mitchell's novel ranked again as second, after the Bible.
The most recent performance was in January 2014 by the Moon Troupe, with Todoroki Yuu as Rhett Butler and Ryu Masaki as Scarlett O'Hara. A 2003 French musical adaptation was produced by Gérard Presgurvic, Autant en emporte le vent. The book was adapted into a British musical Gone with the Wind and opened in 2008 in the U.K.
The novel, Ruth's Journey, was released in 2014. The copyright holders of Gone with the Wind attempted to suppress publication of The Wind Done Gone by Alice Randall, which retold the story from the perspective of the slaves.
"History Lessons from Gone With the Wind," Mississippi Quarterly, 67 (Winter 2014), 99–125. Bonner, Peter.
Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 2014. Farr, Finis.
On 1 January 2020, the book entered the public domain in the European Union (70 years after the author's death).
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