Sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold a sitting of the Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739.
Sir Peter Warren began accumulating land in 1731 and built a frame house capacious enough to hold a sitting of the Assembly when smallpox rendered the city dangerous in 1739.
The future site of Washington Square was a potter's field from 1797 to 1823 when up to 20,000 of New York's poor were buried here, and still remain.
This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to Sing Sing Prison, in the town of Ossining upstream of New York City. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928).
Today, Spring Street overlaps with the modern, newer SoHo neighborhood designation, while the modern Encyclopædia Britannica cites the southern border as Houston Street. ===Grid plan=== As Greenwich Village was once a rural, isolated hamlet to the north of the 17th century European settlement on Manhattan Island, its street layout is more organic than the planned grid pattern of the 19th century grid plan (based on the Commissioners' Plan of 1811).
A landmark in Greenwich Village's cultural landscape, it was built as a farm silo in 1817, and also served as a tobacco warehouse and box factory before Edna St.
Luke in the Fields was founded in 1820, it stood in fields south of the road (now Christopher Street) that led from Greenwich Lane (now Greenwich Avenue) down to a landing on the North River.
By 1821, the prison, designed for 432 inmates, held 817 instead, a number made possible only by the frequent release of prisoners, sometimes as many as 50 a day.
In 1822, a yellow fever epidemic in New York encouraged residents to flee to the healthier air of Greenwich Village, and afterwards many stayed.
The future site of Washington Square was a potter's field from 1797 to 1823 when up to 20,000 of New York's poor were buried here, and still remain.
Since the 1830s, New York University (NYU) has had a campus there.
The handsome Greek revival rowhouses on the north side of Washington Square were built about 1832, establishing the fashion of Washington Square and lower Fifth Avenue for decades to come.
This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to Sing Sing Prison, in the town of Ossining upstream of New York City. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928).
Soon after its completion in 1857, the building helped to make Greenwich Village central to the arts in New York City, drawing artists from all over the country to work, exhibit, and sell their art.
Cooper Union has been located in the East Village since its founding in 1859. ===Libraries=== The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates two branches in Greenwich Village.
Opened during the 1880s and originally located at 11th Street and University Place, called the Hotel St.
Stephan and then, after 1902, called the Hotel Albert while under the ownership of William Ryder, it served as a meeting place, restaurant and dwelling for several important artists and writers from the late 19th century well into the 20th century.
After 1902, the owner's brother Albert Pinkham Ryder lived and painted there.
The branch is housed in Carnegie library that was built in 1906 and expanded in 1920. ==Transportation== Greenwich Village is served by the IND Eighth Avenue Line (), the IND Sixth Avenue Line (), the BMT Canarsie Line (), and the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line () of the New York City Subway.
During the 1940s The Living Theatre, Theatre of the Absurd, and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a showcase for aspiring playwrights and emerging voices. In one of the many Manhattan properties that Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her husband owned, Gertrude Whitney established the Whitney Studio Club at 8 West 8th Street in 1914, as a facility where young artists could exhibit their works.
Political rebellion also made its home here, whether serious (John Reed) or frivolous (Marcel Duchamp and friends set off balloons from atop Washington Square Arch, proclaiming the founding of "The Independent Republic of Greenwich Village" on January 24, 1917). In 1924, the Cherry Lane Theatre was established.
The branch is housed in Carnegie library that was built in 1906 and expanded in 1920. ==Transportation== Greenwich Village is served by the IND Eighth Avenue Line (), the IND Sixth Avenue Line (), the BMT Canarsie Line (), and the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line () of the New York City Subway.
Political rebellion also made its home here, whether serious (John Reed) or frivolous (Marcel Duchamp and friends set off balloons from atop Washington Square Arch, proclaiming the founding of "The Independent Republic of Greenwich Village" on January 24, 1917). In 1924, the Cherry Lane Theatre was established.
Vincent Millay and other members of the Provincetown Players converted the structure into a theatre they christened the Cherry Lane Playhouse, which opened on March 24, 1924, with the play The Man Who Ate the Popomack.
This term became popularized once prisoners started being sentenced to Sing Sing Prison, in the town of Ossining upstream of New York City. The oldest house remaining in Greenwich Village is the Isaacs-Hendricks House, at 77 Bedford Street (built 1799, much altered and enlarged 1836, third story 1928).
The Whitney was founded in 1931, as an answer to the Museum of Modern Art, founded 1928, and its collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art.
By the 1930s it had evolved into her greatest legacy, the Whitney Museum of American Art, on the site of today's New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture.
The Whitney was founded in 1931, as an answer to the Museum of Modern Art, founded 1928, and its collection of mostly European modernism and its neglect of American Art.
In 1936, the renowned Abstract Expressionist artist and teacher Hans Hofmann moved his art school from East 57th Street to 52 West 9th Street.
In 1938, Hofmann moved again to a more permanent home at 52 West 8th Street.
Sheridan and Dunn were executed. The Village hosted the nation's first racially integrated nightclub, when Café Society was opened in 1938 at 1 Sheridan Square by Barney Josephson.
During the 1940s The Living Theatre, Theatre of the Absurd, and the Downtown Theater movement all took root there, and it developed a reputation as a showcase for aspiring playwrights and emerging voices. In one of the many Manhattan properties that Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney and her husband owned, Gertrude Whitney established the Whitney Studio Club at 8 West 8th Street in 1914, as a facility where young artists could exhibit their works.
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
The school remained active until 1958, when Hofmann retired from teaching. On January 8, 1947, stevedore Andy Hintz was fatally shot by hitmen John M.
The Greenwich Village of the 1950s and 1960s was at the center of Jane Jacobs's book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, which defended it and similar communities, while criticizing common urban renewal policies of the time. Founded by New York-based artist Mercedes Matter and her students, the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture is an art school formed in the mid-1960s in the Village.
Vincents Hospital at 170 West 12th Street, in the Village after drinking at the White Horse Tavern on November 5, 1953. Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway, and a "complete rejection of commercial theatre".
(born 1965), actor and singer Steve Earle (born 1955), musician Crystal Eastman (1881–1928), lawyer and leader in the fight for woman's suffrage Maurice Evans (1901–1989), British actor noted for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters Andrew Garfield (born 1983), actor Hank Greenberg (1911–1986), Hall of Fame baseball player John P.
The school remained active until 1958, when Hofmann retired from teaching. On January 8, 1947, stevedore Andy Hintz was fatally shot by hitmen John M.
Vincents Hospital at 170 West 12th Street, in the Village after drinking at the White Horse Tavern on November 5, 1953. Off-Off-Broadway began in Greenwich Village in 1958 as a reaction to Off Broadway, and a "complete rejection of commercial theatre".
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
Greenwich Village also played a major role in the development of the folk music scene of the 1960s.
The Greenwich Village of the 1950s and 1960s was at the center of Jane Jacobs's book The Death and Life of Great American Cities, which defended it and similar communities, while criticizing common urban renewal policies of the time. Founded by New York-based artist Mercedes Matter and her students, the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting and Sculpture is an art school formed in the mid-1960s in the Village.
In the 1960s, Margot Gayle led a group of citizens to preserve the Jefferson Market Courthouse (later reused as Jefferson Market Library), while other citizen groups fought to keep traffic out of Washington Square Park, and Jane Jacobs, using the Village as an example of a vibrant urban community, advocated to keep it that way. Since then, preservation has been a part of the Village ethos.
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
Officially opened September 23, 1964, the school is still active, at 8 W.
(born 1965), actor and singer Steve Earle (born 1955), musician Crystal Eastman (1881–1928), lawyer and leader in the fight for woman's suffrage Maurice Evans (1901–1989), British actor noted for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters Andrew Garfield (born 1983), actor Hank Greenberg (1911–1986), Hall of Fame baseball player John P.
Greenwich Village contains the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore, Oscar Wilde Bookshop, founded in 1967, while The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center – best known as simply "The Center" – has occupied the former Food & Maritime Trades High School at 208 West 13th Street since 1984.
The building was a courthouse in the 19th and 20th centuries before being converted into a library in 1967, and it is now a city designated landmark.
In 1969, enraged members of the gay community, in search for equality, started the Stonewall riots.
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn, 53 Christopher Street.
In 1969, the LPC designated the Greenwich Village Historic District – which remained the city's largest for four decades – despite preservationists' advocacy for the entire neighborhood to be designated an historic district.
On March 6, 1970, their safehouse was destroyed when an explosive device they were constructing was accidentally detonated, killing three of their members (Ted Gold, Terry Robbins, and Diana Oughton). The Village has been a center for movements that challenged the wider American culture, for example, its role in the gay liberation movement.
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
In 1973 NYU moved from its campus in University Heights in the West Bronx (the current site of Bronx Community College), to Greenwich Village with many buildings around Gould Plaza on West 4th Street.
Since 1975, New York University's art collection has been housed at the Grey Art Gallery bordering Washington Square Park, at 100 Washington Square East.
In 1976 Yeshiva University established the Benjamin N.
In the 1980s Hebrew Union College was built in Greenwich Village.
The university campus building expansion was followed by a gentrification process in the 1980s. The historic Washington Square Park is the center and heart of the neighborhood.
The Village Gate, the Village Vanguard, and the Blue Note (since 1981) regularly hosted some of the biggest names in jazz.
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
Past and present notable residents include: Edward Albee (1928–2016), playwright Alec Baldwin (born 1958), actor Richard Barone, musician, producer Paul Bateson (born 1940), convicted murderer who was in The Exorcist Brie Bella (born 1983), wrestler Nate Berkus (born 1971), interior designer David Blue (1941-1982), folksinger, companion of Bob Dylan Matthew Broderick (born 1962), actor Barbara Pierce Bush (born 1981), daughter of former U.S.
(born 1965), actor and singer Steve Earle (born 1955), musician Crystal Eastman (1881–1928), lawyer and leader in the fight for woman's suffrage Maurice Evans (1901–1989), British actor noted for his interpretations of Shakespearean characters Andrew Garfield (born 1983), actor Hank Greenberg (1911–1986), Hall of Fame baseball player John P.
Greenwich Village contains the world's oldest gay and lesbian bookstore, Oscar Wilde Bookshop, founded in 1967, while The Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Community Center – best known as simply "The Center" – has occupied the former Food & Maritime Trades High School at 208 West 13th Street since 1984.
Blume's children's novel, Cornelia and the Audacious Escapades of the Somerset Sisters, the main characters reside in Greenwich Village. The suggestion of moving to the Village shocks newlywed New York aristocrat Jamie "Rick" Ricklehouse in Nora Johnson's 1985 novel Tender Offer.
Advocates continued to pursue their goal of additional designation, spurred in particular by the increased pace of development in the 1990s. ====Rezoned areas==== The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP), a nonprofit organization dedicated to the architectural and cultural character and heritage of the neighborhood, successfully proposed new districts and individual landmarks to the LPC.
The incarceration rate of 100 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 6th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.6% between 1990 and 2018.
The Village Gate (until 1992), the Village Vanguard and the Blue Note are still presenting some of the biggest names in jazz on a regular basis.
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of West Village was 66,880, a change of −1,603 (−2.4%) from the 68,483 counted in 2000.
The New School, with its Parsons The New School for Design, a division of The New School, and the School's Graduate School expanded in the 2000s, with the renovated, award-winning design of the Sheila C.
The percentage of Greenwich Village and SoHo students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period. Greenwich Village and SoHo's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City.
In 2006, the Village was the scene of an assault involving seven lesbians and a straight man that sparked appreciable media attention, with strong statements defending both sides of the case. ===Preservation=== Since the end of the twentieth century, many artists and local historians have mourned the fact that the bohemian days of Greenwich Village are long gone, because of the extraordinarily high housing costs in the neighborhood.
Pei and including the Picasso sculpture "Portrait of Sylvette," designated in 2008; and three early 19th-century federal houses at 127, 129 and 131 MacDougal Street. Several contextual rezonings were enacted in Greenwich Village in recent years to limit the size and height of allowable new development in the neighborhood, and to encourage the preservation of existing buildings.
Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of West Village was 66,880, a change of −1,603 (−2.4%) from the 68,483 counted in 2000.
The 6th Precinct ranked 68th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.
The percentage of Greenwich Village and SoHo students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period. Greenwich Village and SoHo's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City.
On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on the basis of its status in LGBT history, and on June 24, 2016, the Stonewall National Monument was named the first U.S.
On June 23, 2015, the Stonewall Inn was the first landmark in New York City to be recognized by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission on the basis of its status in LGBT history, and on June 24, 2016, the Stonewall National Monument was named the first U.S.
The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 10% respectively. As of 2017, the median [income] in Community Districts 1 and 2 (including the Financial District and Tribeca) was $144,878, though the median income in Greenwich Village individually was $119,728.
Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.1% (4,054) of the population. The entirety of Community District 2, which comprises Greenwich Village and SoHo, had 91,638 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.8 years.
In 2018, an estimated 9% of Greenwich Village and SoHo residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City.
The incarceration rate of 100 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole. The 6th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 80.6% between 1990 and 2018.
In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 4%, less than the citywide rate of 12%, though this was based on a small sample size. The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Greenwich Village and SoHo is , more than the city average.
In 2018, 91% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," more than the city's average of 78%.
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