Later that year he entered Thomas Morley's Commercial Academy, a private school founded in 1849, following the bankruptcy of Morley's earlier school.
Herbert George Wells (21 September 186613 August 1946) was an English writer.
Wells was a diabetic and co-founded the charity The Diabetic Association (known today as Diabetes UK) in 1934. ==Life== ===Early life=== Herbert George Wells was born at Atlas House, 162 High Street in Bromley, Kent, on 21 September 1866.
Payment for skilled bowlers and batsmen came from voluntary donations afterwards, or from small payments from the clubs where matches were played. A defining incident of young Wells's life was an accident in 1874 that left him bedridden with a broken leg.
In 1877, his father, Joseph Wells, suffered a fractured thigh.
This was the beginning of Wells's venture into literature. ===Teacher=== In October 1879, Wells's mother arranged through a distant relative, Arthur Williams, for him to join the National School at Wookey in Somerset as a pupil–teacher, a senior pupil who acted as a teacher of younger children.
Wells continued at Morley's Academy until 1880.
From 1880 to 1883, Wells had an unhappy apprenticeship as a draper at the Southsea Drapery Emporium, Hyde's.
From 1880 to 1883, Wells had an unhappy apprenticeship as a draper at the Southsea Drapery Emporium, Hyde's.
In 1883, Wells persuaded his parents to release him from the apprenticeship, taking an opportunity offered by Midhurst Grammar School again to become a pupil–teacher; his proficiency in Latin and science during his earlier short stay had been remembered. The years he spent in Southsea had been the most miserable of his life to that point, but his good fortune at securing a position at Midhurst Grammar School meant that Wells could continue his self-education in earnest.
The school year 1886–87 was the last year of his studies. During 1888, Wells stayed in Stoke-on-Trent, living in Basford.
Wells studied in his new school until 1887, with a weekly allowance of 21 shillings (a guinea) thanks to his scholarship.
The school year 1886–87 was the last year of his studies. During 1888, Wells stayed in Stoke-on-Trent, living in Basford.
In 1889–90, he managed to find a post as a teacher at Henley House School in London, where he taught A.
It was not until 1890 that Wells earned a Bachelor of Science degree in zoology from the University of London External Programme.
It is obvious that many early Wells items have been lost." His success with these shorter pieces encouraged him to write book-length work, and he published his first novel, The Time Machine, in 1895. ===Personal life=== In 1891, Wells married his cousin Isabel Mary Wells (1865–1931; from 1902 Isabel Mary Smith).
In the film, Wells meets "Amy" in the future who then returns to 1893 to become his second wife Amy Catherine Robbins. Wells is portrayed in the 1985 story Timelash from the 22nd season of the BBC science-fiction television series Doctor Who.
The couple agreed to separate in 1894, when he had fallen in love with one of his students, Amy Catherine Robbins (1872–1927; later known as Jane), with whom he moved to Woking, Surrey, in May 1895.
It is obvious that many early Wells items have been lost." His success with these shorter pieces encouraged him to write book-length work, and he published his first novel, The Time Machine, in 1895. ===Personal life=== In 1891, Wells married his cousin Isabel Mary Wells (1865–1931; from 1902 Isabel Mary Smith).
The couple agreed to separate in 1894, when he had fallen in love with one of his students, Amy Catherine Robbins (1872–1927; later known as Jane), with whom he moved to Woking, Surrey, in May 1895.
They lived in a rented house, 'Lynton', (now No.141) Maybury Road in the town centre for just under 18 months and married at St Pancras register office in October 1895.
Wells had attacked Shiel's Prince Zaleski when it was published in 1895, and this was Shiel's response.
Barbellion's The Journal of a Disappointed Man, by Wells, 1919. "Woman and Primitive Culture", by Wells, 1895. Letter, to M.
Wells did not automatically receive the byline his reputation demanded until after 1896 or so ...
Brian Aldiss referred to Wells as the "Shakespeare of science fiction". Wells rendered his works convincing by instilling commonplace detail alongside a single extraordinary assumption – dubbed “Wells's law” – leading Joseph Conrad to hail him in 1898 as "O Realist of the Fantastic!".
From an English Standpoint", by Wells, 1900. Rabindranath Tagore: In conversation with H.
He had two sons with Jane: George Philip (known as "Gip"; 1901–1985) and Frank Richard (1903–1982) (grandfather of film director Simon Wells).
It is obvious that many early Wells items have been lost." His success with these shorter pieces encouraged him to write book-length work, and he published his first novel, The Time Machine, in 1895. ===Personal life=== In 1891, Wells married his cousin Isabel Mary Wells (1865–1931; from 1902 Isabel Mary Smith).
Winston Churchill was an avid reader of Wells' books, and after they first met in 1902 they kept in touch until Wells died in 1946.
As a junior minister Churchill borrowed lines from Wells for one of his most famous early landmark speeches in 1906, and as Prime Minister the phrase "the gathering storm" — used by Churchill to describe the rise of Nazi Germany — had been written by Wells in The War of the Worlds, which depicts an attack on Britain by Martians.
As an alumnus, he later helped to set up the Royal College of Science Association, of which he became the first president in 1909.
In December 1909, he had a daughter, Anna-Jane, with the writer Amber Reeves, whose parents, William and Maud Pember Reeves, he had met through the Fabian Society.
Between 1910 and 1913, novelist Elizabeth von Arnim was one of his mistresses.
Not all his scientific romances ended in a Utopia, and Wells also wrote a dystopian novel, When the Sleeper Wakes (1899, rewritten as The Sleeper Awakes, 1910), which pictures a future society where the classes have become more and more separated, leading to a revolt of the masses against the rulers.
After Beatrice Webb voiced disapproval of Wells' "sordid intrigue" with Amber, he responded by lampooning Beatrice Webb and her husband Sidney Webb in his 1911 novel The New Machiavelli as 'Altiora and Oscar Bailey', a pair of short-sighted, bourgeois manipulators.
Beresford's 1911 novel, The Hampdenshire Wonder, Victor Stott, was based on Wells. In M.
Wells", by Mary Austin, 1911. "Socialism and the Family" (1906) by Belfort Bax, Part 1, Part 2. "H.
Between 1910 and 1913, novelist Elizabeth von Arnim was one of his mistresses.
In 1914, he had a son, Anthony West (1914–1987), by the novelist and feminist Rebecca West, 26 years his junior.
After dinner, Jerome began shooting down toy soldiers with a toy cannon and Wells joined in to compete. During August 1914, immediately after the outbreak of the First World War, Wells published a number of articles in London newspapers that subsequently appeared as a book entitled The War That Will End War.
Wells used the shorter form of the phrase, "the war to end war", in In the Fourth Year (1918), in which he noted that the phrase "got into circulation" in the second half of 1914.
Wells was also one of fifty-three leading British authors — a number that included Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — who signed their names to the “Authors' Declaration.” This manifesto declared that the German invasion of Belgium had been a brutal crime, and that Britain “could not without dishonour have refused to take part in the present war.” ===Travels to Russia and the Soviet Union=== Wells visited Russia three times: 1914, 1920 and 1934.
Wells Split the Atom: A 1914 Preview of 1945", by Freda Kirchwey, in The Nation, posted 4 September 2003 (original 18 August 1945 issue). "Wells, Hitler and the World State", by George Orwell.
In fact, it had become one of the most common catchphrases of the war. In 1918 Wells worked for the British War Propaganda Bureau, also called Wellington House.
Barbellion's diaries, The Journal of a Disappointed Man, published in 1919.
Barbellion's The Journal of a Disappointed Man, by Wells, 1919. "Woman and Primitive Culture", by Wells, 1895. Letter, to M.
In 1920–21, and intermittently until his death, he had a love affair with the American birth control activist Margaret Sanger. Between 1924 and 1933 he partnered with the 22-year younger Dutch adventurer and writer Odette Keun, with whom he lived in Lou Pidou, a house they built together in Grasse, France.
When visiting Maxim Gorky in Russia 1920, he had slept with Gorky's mistress Moura Budberg, then still Countess Benckendorf and 27 years his junior.
Wells was also one of fifty-three leading British authors — a number that included Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — who signed their names to the “Authors' Declaration.” This manifesto declared that the German invasion of Belgium had been a brutal crime, and that Britain “could not without dishonour have refused to take part in the present war.” ===Travels to Russia and the Soviet Union=== Wells visited Russia three times: 1914, 1920 and 1934.
He told Stalin how he had seen 'the happy faces of healthy people' in contrast with his previous visit to Moscow in 1920.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1921, 1932, 1935, and 1946.
Glasgow: MacLehose, Jackson, and Co., 1921. Gosling, John.
He reprised his Outline in 1922 with a much shorter popular work, A Short History of the World, a history book praised by Albert Einstein, and two long efforts, The Science of Life (1930)—written with his son G.
In 1920–21, and intermittently until his death, he had a love affair with the American birth control activist Margaret Sanger. Between 1924 and 1933 he partnered with the 22-year younger Dutch adventurer and writer Odette Keun, with whom he lived in Lou Pidou, a house they built together in Grasse, France.
Wells dedicated his longest book to her (The World of William Clissold, 1926).
Jane died on 6 October 1927, in Dunmow, at the age of 55. Wells had affairs with a significant number of women.
Rabindranath Tagore and Wells conversing in Geneva in 1930. "Introduction", to W.
In 1932, the physicist and conceiver of nuclear chain reaction Leó Szilárd read The World Set Free (the same year Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron), a book which he said made a great impression on him.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1921, 1932, 1935, and 1946.
In 1920–21, and intermittently until his death, he had a love affair with the American birth control activist Margaret Sanger. Between 1924 and 1933 he partnered with the 22-year younger Dutch adventurer and writer Odette Keun, with whom he lived in Lou Pidou, a house they built together in Grasse, France.
In 1933, when she left Gorky and emigrated to London, their relationship renewed and she cared for him through his final illness.
In 1938, he published a collection of essays on the future organisation of knowledge and education, World Brain, including the essay "The Idea of a Permanent World Encyclopaedia". Prior to 1933, Wells's books were widely read in Germany and Austria, and most of his science fiction works had been translated shortly after publication.
By 1933, he had attracted the attention of German officials because of his criticism of the political situation in Germany, and on 10 May 1933, Wells's books were burned by the Nazi youth in Berlin's Opernplatz, and his works were banned from libraries and book stores.
Wells praised Shiel's The Purple Cloud (1901); in turn Shiel expressed admiration for Wells, referring to him at a speech to the Horsham Rotary Club in 1933 as "my friend Mr.
German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, London: Vallentine and Mitchell, 2007, . McLean, Steven.
Wells was a diabetic and co-founded the charity The Diabetic Association (known today as Diabetes UK) in 1934. ==Life== ===Early life=== Herbert George Wells was born at Atlas House, 162 High Street in Bromley, Kent, on 21 September 1866.
Wells's best-known statement of the "law" appears in his introduction to a collection of his works published in 1934: As soon as the magic trick has been done the whole business of the fantasy writer is to keep everything else human and real.
Wells, as president of PEN International (Poets, Essayists, Novelists), angered the Nazis by overseeing the expulsion of the German PEN club from the international body in 1934 following the German PEN's refusal to admit non-Aryan writers to its membership.
Wells was also one of fifty-three leading British authors — a number that included Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Hardy and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle — who signed their names to the “Authors' Declaration.” This manifesto declared that the German invasion of Belgium had been a brutal crime, and that Britain “could not without dishonour have refused to take part in the present war.” ===Travels to Russia and the Soviet Union=== Wells visited Russia three times: 1914, 1920 and 1934.
In his book Russia in the Shadows, Wells portrayed Russia as recovering from a total social collapse, "the completest that has ever happened to any modern social organisation." On 23 July 1934, after visiting U.S.
Chesterton quipped: "Mr Wells is a born storyteller who has sold his birthright for a pot of message". Wells had diabetes, and was a co-founder in 1934 of The Diabetic Association (now Diabetes UK, the leading charity for people with diabetes in the UK). On 28 October 1940, on the radio station KTSA in San Antonio, Texas, Wells took part in a radio interview with Orson Welles, who two years previously had performed a famous radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1921, 1932, 1935, and 1946.
Miller, in The Wall Street Journal Opinion Journal, 21 June 2005. "Wells's Autobiography", by John Hart, from New International, Vol.2 No.2, Mar 1935, pp. 75–76 "History in the Science Fiction of H.
The others usually begin with the world rushing to catastrophe, until people realise a better way of living: whether by mysterious gases from a comet causing people to behave rationally and abandoning a European war (In the Days of the Comet (1906)), or a world council of scientists taking over, as in The Shape of Things to Come (1933, which he later adapted for the 1936 Alexander Korda film, Things to Come).
In 1936, before the Royal Institution, Wells called for the compilation of a constantly growing and changing World Encyclopaedia, to be reviewed by outstanding authorities and made accessible to every human being.
Shiel, by Wells, 1937. ===Biography=== "H.
In 1938, he published a collection of essays on the future organisation of knowledge and education, World Brain, including the essay "The Idea of a Permanent World Encyclopaedia". Prior to 1933, Wells's books were widely read in Germany and Austria, and most of his science fiction works had been translated shortly after publication.
Chesterton quipped: "Mr Wells is a born storyteller who has sold his birthright for a pot of message". Wells had diabetes, and was a co-founder in 1934 of The Diabetic Association (now Diabetes UK, the leading charity for people with diabetes in the UK). On 28 October 1940, on the radio station KTSA in San Antonio, Texas, Wells took part in a radio interview with Orson Welles, who two years previously had performed a famous radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds.
In his preface to the 1941 edition of The War in the Air, Wells had stated that his epitaph should be: "I told you so.
Aug 1941. "War of the Worldviews", by John J.
Wells Split the Atom: A 1914 Preview of 1945", by Freda Kirchwey, in The Nation, posted 4 September 2003 (original 18 August 1945 issue). "Wells, Hitler and the World State", by George Orwell.
Herbert George Wells (21 September 186613 August 1946) was an English writer.
During the interview, by Charles C Shaw, a KTSA radio host, Wells admitted his surprise at the sensation that resulted from the broadcast but acknowledged his debt to Welles for increasing sales of one of his "more obscure" titles. ===Death=== Wells died of unspecified causes on 13 August 1946, aged 79, at his home at 13 Hanover Terrace, overlooking Regent's Park, London.
Wells' body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 16 August 1946; his ashes were subsequently scattered into the English Channel at Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in Dorset. A commemorative blue plaque in his honour was installed by the Greater London Council at his home in Regent's Park in 1966. ==Futurist== A futurist and “visionary”, Wells foresaw the advent of aircraft, tanks, space travel, nuclear weapons, satellite television and something resembling the World Wide Web.
Winston Churchill was an avid reader of Wells' books, and after they first met in 1902 they kept in touch until Wells died in 1946.
He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1921, 1932, 1935, and 1946.
Wells is portrayed by Freddie Stroma. In the 2019 television adaptation of The War of the Worlds, the character of 'George', played by Rafe Spall, demonstrates a number of elements of Wells' own life, including his estrangement from his wife and unmarried co-habitation with the character of 'Amy'. ==Literary papers== In 1954, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign purchased the H.
David Lodge's novel A Man of Parts (2011)—a 'narrative based on factual sources' (author's note)—gives a convincing and generally sympathetic account of Wells's relations with the women mentioned above, and others. Director Simon Wells (born 1961), the author's great-grandson, was a consultant on the future scenes in Back to the Future Part II (1989). ===Artist=== One of the ways that Wells expressed himself was through his drawings and sketches.
Wells' body was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 16 August 1946; his ashes were subsequently scattered into the English Channel at Old Harry Rocks near Swanage in Dorset. A commemorative blue plaque in his honour was installed by the Greater London Council at his home in Regent's Park in 1966. ==Futurist== A futurist and “visionary”, Wells foresaw the advent of aircraft, tanks, space travel, nuclear weapons, satellite television and something resembling the World Wide Web.
Wells Mackenzie, Norman and Jean, The Time Traveller: the Life of H G Wells, London: Weidenfeld, 1973, Mauthner, Martin.
Wells (2016), Wells is played by Ray Winstone. In the 2017 television series version of Time After Time, based on the 1979 film, H.
London: Hutchinson, 1984. ==External links== Future Tense – The Story of H.
In the film, Wells meets "Amy" in the future who then returns to 1893 to become his second wife Amy Catherine Robbins. Wells is portrayed in the 1985 story Timelash from the 22nd season of the BBC science-fiction television series Doctor Who.
Doubleday, 1985 (), Black Swan, New edition, Oct 1996 (paperback, ) Gilmour, David.
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986, West, Anthony.
Doubleday, 1985 (), Black Swan, New edition, Oct 1996 (paperback, ) Gilmour, David.
Boyd Rayward, in Journal of the American Society for Information Science 50 (15 May 1999): 557–579 "Mr H.
Chesterton, from his book Heretics (1908). "The Internet: a world brain?", by Martin Gardner, in Skeptical Inquirer, Jan–Feb 1999. "Science Fiction: The Shape of Things to Come", by Mark Bould, in The Socialist Review, May 2005. "Who needs Utopia? A dialogue with my utopian self (with apologies, and thanks, to H.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002 (paperback, ); 2003 (paperback, ). Gomme, A.
New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002 (paperback, ); 2003 (paperback, ). Gomme, A.
Ashgate, 2003, . Shadurski, Maxim.
Wells Split the Atom: A 1914 Preview of 1945", by Freda Kirchwey, in The Nation, posted 4 September 2003 (original 18 August 1945 issue). "Wells, Hitler and the World State", by George Orwell.
The "Outlines" became sufficiently common for James Thurber to parody the trend in his humorous essay, "An Outline of Scientists"—indeed, Wells's Outline of History remains in print with a new 2005 edition, while A Short History of the World has been re-edited (2006). From quite early in Wells's career, he sought a better way to organise society and wrote a number of Utopian novels.
Wells warned us how it would feel to fight a War of the Worlds", by Niall Ferguson, in The Telegraph, 24 June 2005. "H.
Chesterton, from his book Heretics (1908). "The Internet: a world brain?", by Martin Gardner, in Skeptical Inquirer, Jan–Feb 1999. "Science Fiction: The Shape of Things to Come", by Mark Bould, in The Socialist Review, May 2005. "Who needs Utopia? A dialogue with my utopian self (with apologies, and thanks, to H.
Miller, in The Wall Street Journal Opinion Journal, 21 June 2005. "Wells's Autobiography", by John Hart, from New International, Vol.2 No.2, Mar 1935, pp. 75–76 "History in the Science Fiction of H.
These picshuas have been the topic of study by Wells scholars for many years, and in 2006, a book was published on the subject. ===Writer=== Some of his early novels, called "scientific romances", invented several themes now classic in science fiction in such works as The Time Machine, The Island of Doctor Moreau, The Invisible Man, The War of the Worlds, When the Sleeper Wakes, and The First Men in the Moon.
Wells". In the 2006 television docudrama War with the World, Wells is played by Michael Sheen. Television episode "World's End" of Cold Case (2007) is about the discovery of human remains in the bottom of a well leads to the reinvestigation of the case of a housewife who went missing during Orson Welles' radio broadcast of "War of the Worlds". On the science fiction television series Warehouse 13 (2009–2014), there is a female version Helena G.
Wells)", by Gregory Claeys in Spaces of Utopia: An Electronic Journal, no 1, Spring 2006. "When H.
Wells", by Patrick Parrinder, Cycnos, 22.2 (2006). "From the World Brain to the Worldwide Web", by Martin Campbell-Kelly, Gresham College Lecture, 9 November 2006. "The Beginning of Wisdom: On Reading H.
German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, London: Vallentine and Mitchell, 2007, . McLean, Steven.
Jefferson, North Carolina, McFarland, 2009 (paperback, ). Jasanoff, Maya, "The Future Was His" (review of Sarah Cole, Inventing Tomorrow: H.G.
Palgrave, 2009, . Partington, John S.
London: Peter Owen, 2010, . Smith, David C., H.
Wells (2016), Wells is played by Ray Winstone. In the 2017 television series version of Time After Time, based on the 1979 film, H.
Wells is portrayed by Freddie Stroma. In the 2019 television adaptation of The War of the Worlds, the character of 'George', played by Rafe Spall, demonstrates a number of elements of Wells' own life, including his estrangement from his wife and unmarried co-habitation with the character of 'Amy'. ==Literary papers== In 1954, the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign purchased the H.
12 (23 July 2020), pp. 50–51.
London: Routledge, 2020, . Sherborne, Michael.
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