It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on a linguistic basis.
In the Third Battle of Panipat (1761), the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas. ===Formation=== Haryana as a state came into existence on 1 November 1966 the Punjab Reorganisation Act (1966).
The Indian government set up the Shah Commission under the chairmanship of Justice JC Shah on 23 April 1966 to divide the existing state of Punjab and determine the boundaries of the new state of Haryana after consideration of the languages spoken by the people.
The commission delivered its report on 31 May 1966 whereby the then-districts of Hisar, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, Rohtak and Karnal were to be a part of the new state of Haryana.
Tamil was made the second language in 1969 by Bansi Lal to show the state's differences with Punjab although there were no Tamil speakers in Haryana at the time.
In terms of districts, Rewari had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 79%, and female 67%. =====Schools===== Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year.
In terms of districts, Rewari had the highest literacy rate in Haryana at 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 79%, and female 67%. =====Schools===== Haryana Board of School Education, established in September 1969 and shifted to Bhiwani in 1981, conducts public examinations at middle, matriculation, and senior secondary levels twice a year.
Nahar Singh Stadium was built in Faridabad in the year 1981 for international cricket.
During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in 2007, Haryana stood first in the nation with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals. The 1983 World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev made his domestic-cricket debut playing for Haryana.
Haryana has 6 administrative divisions, 22 districts, 72 sub-divisions, 93 revenue tehsils, 50 sub-tehsils, 140 community development blocks, 154 cities and towns, 6,848 villages, and 6,222 villages panchayats. As the largest recipient of investment per capita since 2000 in India, There are by 30 special economic zones (SEZs), mainly located within the industrial corridor projects connecting the NCR.
In 2001, the literacy rate in Haryana stood at 67.91 per cent of which male and female were 78.49 per cent and 55.73 per cent literate respectively.
During the 33rd National Games held in Assam in 2007, Haryana stood first in the nation with a medal tally of 80, including 30 gold, 22 silver and 28 bronze medals. The 1983 World Cup winning captain Kapil Dev made his domestic-cricket debut playing for Haryana.
Hindustani is spoken in the northeast, Bagri in the west, and Ahirwati, Mewati and Braj Bhasha in the south. There are also significant numbers of speakers of Urdu and Punjabi, the latter of which was recognised in 2010 as a second official language of Haryana for government and administrative purposes.
The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS 2013) and maternal mortality ratio is 146 (SRS 2010–2012).
Hindi and English are compulsory languages in schools whereas Punjabi, Sanskrit and Urdu are chosen as optional languages. ====Sports==== In the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, 22 out of 38 gold medals that India won came from Haryana.
The city of Chandigarh was made a union territory, serving as the capital of both Punjab and Haryana. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma became the first Chief Minister of Haryana. ==Demographics== ===Religion=== According to the 2011 census, of total 25,350,000 population of Haryana, Hindus (87.46%) constitute the majority of the state's population with Muslims (7.03%) (mainly Meos) and Sikhs (4.91%) being the largest minorities. Muslims are mainly found in the Nuh.
The state of Haryana has various Medical Colleges including Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences Rohtak, Bhagat Phool Singh Medical College in District Sonipat, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad along with notable private medical institutes like Medanta, Max Hospital, Gurgaon, Fortis Healthcare ====Education==== =====Literacy===== Literacy rate in Haryana has seen an upward trend and is 76.64 per cent as per 2011 population census.
Around 29% of rainfall is received during the months from July to September, and the remaining rainfall is received during the period from December to February. ===Flora and fauna=== ====Forests==== Forest cover in the state in 2013 was 3.59% (1586 km2) and the Tree Cover in the state was 2.90% (1282 km2), giving a total forest and tree cover of 6.49%.
The infant mortality rate is 41 (SRS 2013) and maternal mortality ratio is 146 (SRS 2010–2012).
In 2016–17, 18,412 hectares were brought under tree cover by planting 14.1 million seedlings.
In IT services, Gurugram ranks number 1 in India in growth rate and existing technology infrastructure, and number 2 in startup ecosystem, innovation and livability (Nov 2016). Industries sector is split across 69% manufacturing, 28% construction, 2% utilities and 1% mining.
There are more 18,616 female teachers and 17,061 male teachers in higher education. Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad announced on 27 February 2016 that National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT) would be set up in Kurukshetra to provide computer training to youth and a Software Technology Park of India (STPI) would be set up in Panchkula's existing HSIIDC IT Park in Sector 23.
During smog of November 2017, Air quality index of Gurugram and Faridabad showed that the density of Fine particulates (2.5 PM diameter) was an average of 400 PM and monthly average of Haryana was 60 pm.
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