His father, Katsuji Miyazaki|italic=no ( 1915 – 18 March 1993), was the director of Miyazaki Airplane, which manufactured rudders for fighter planes during World War II.
Miyazaki|italic=no has frequently been cited as an inspiration for numerous animators, directors, and writers. == Early life == Hayao Miyazaki was born on 5 January 1941, in the town of Akebono-cho in Bunkyō|italic=no, Tokyo, the second of four sons.
In 1944, when Miyazaki|italic=no was three years old, his family evacuated to Utsunomiya|italic=no.
After the bombing of Utsunomiya|italic=no in July 1945, Miyazaki|italic=no's family evacuated to Kanuma|italic=no.
From 1947 to 1955, Miyazaki|italic=no's mother suffered from spinal tuberculosis; she spent the first few years in hospital, before being nursed from home.
She died in July 1983 at the age of 71. Miyazaki|italic=no began school in 1947, at an elementary school in Utsunomiya|italic=no, completing the first through third grades.
From 1947 to 1955, Miyazaki|italic=no's mother suffered from spinal tuberculosis; she spent the first few years in hospital, before being nursed from home.
Miyazaki felt frustrated growing up in the Shōwa period from 1955 to 1965 because "nature — the mountains and rivers — was being destroyed in the name of economic progress".
A co-founder of Studio Ghibli, a film and animation studio, he has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of animated feature films, and is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished filmmakers in the history of animation. Born in Bunkyō|italic=no ward of Tokyo, Miyazaki|italic=no expressed interest in manga and animation from an early age, and he joined Toei Animation in 1963.
Miyazaki|italic=no graduated from Gakushuin|italic=no in 1963 with degrees in political science and economics. == Career == === Early career === In 1963, Miyazaki|italic=no was employed at Toei|italic=no Animation.
He worked as an in-between artist on the theatrical feature anime Doggie March and the television anime Wolf Boy Ken (both 1963).
He was a leader in a labor dispute soon after his arrival, and became chief secretary of Toei|italic=no's labor union in 1964.
Miyazaki felt frustrated growing up in the Shōwa period from 1955 to 1965 because "nature — the mountains and rivers — was being destroyed in the name of economic progress".
Artists from Pixar and Aardman Studios signed a tribute stating, "You're our inspiration, Miyazaki-san!" He has also been cited as inspiration for video game designers including Shigeru Miyamoto and Hironobu Sakaguchi, as well as the The Last Airbender, and the video game Ori and the Blind Forest (2015). == Personal life == Miyazaki married fellow animator Akemi Ota in October 1965.
The couple have two sons: Gorō, born in January 1967, and Keisuke, born in April 1969.
Directed by Isao Takahata|italic=no, with whom Miyazaki|italic=no would continue to collaborate for the remainder of his career, the film was highly praised, and deemed a pivotal work in the evolution of animation. Under the pseudonym , Miyazaki|italic=no wrote and illustrated the manga People of the Desert, published in 26 installments between September 1969 and March 1970 in .
He created a 12-chapter manga series as a promotional tie-in for the film; the series ran in the Sunday edition of Tokyo Shimbun from January to March 1969.
The couple have two sons: Gorō, born in January 1967, and Keisuke, born in April 1969.
Directed by Isao Takahata|italic=no, with whom Miyazaki|italic=no would continue to collaborate for the remainder of his career, the film was highly praised, and deemed a pivotal work in the evolution of animation. Under the pseudonym , Miyazaki|italic=no wrote and illustrated the manga People of the Desert, published in 26 installments between September 1969 and March 1970 in .
Miyazaki|italic=no designed the storyboards and wrote the screenplay for Whisper of the Heart (1995), directed by Yoshifumi Kondō|italic=no. ==== Global emergence (1997–2008) ==== Miyazaki|italic=no began work on the initial storyboards for Princess Mononoke in August 1994, based on preliminary thoughts and sketches from the late 1970s.
He provided key animation to other films at Toei|italic=no, such as Puss in Boots and Animal Treasure Island, before moving to A-Pro in 1971, where he co-directed Lupin the Third Part I alongside Takahata|italic=no.
In 1971, he developed structure, characters and designs for Hiroshi Ikeda|italic=no's adaptation of Animal Treasure Island; he created the 13-part manga adaptation, printed in Tokyo Shimbun from January to March 1971.
Miyazaki|italic=no also provided key animation for Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. Miyazaki|italic=no left Toei|italic=no Animation in August 1971, and was hired at A-Pro, where he directed, or co-directed with Takahata|italic=no, 23 episodes of Lupin the Third Part I, often using the pseudonym .
In 1972 and 1973, Miyazaki|italic=no wrote, designed and animated two Panda! Go, Panda! shorts, directed by Takahata|italic=no.
After moving to Zuiyō Eizō|italic=no (later known as Nippon Animation) in 1973, Miyazaki|italic=no worked as an animator on World Masterpiece Theater, and directed the television series Future Boy Conan (1978).
In 1972 and 1973, Miyazaki|italic=no wrote, designed and animated two Panda! Go, Panda! shorts, directed by Takahata|italic=no.
After moving from A-Pro to Zuiyō Eizō|italic=no in June 1973, Miyazaki|italic=no and Takahata|italic=no worked on World Masterpiece Theater, which featured their animation series Heidi, Girl of the Alps, an adaptation of Johanna Spyri's Heidi.
Zuiyō Eizō|italic=no continued as Nippon Animation in July 1975.
He joined Tokyo Movie Shinsha in 1979 to direct his first feature film The Castle of Cagliostro as well as the television series Sherlock Hound.
Miyazaki|italic=no also directed the television series Future Boy Conan (1978), an adaptation of Alexander Key's The Incredible Tide. === Breakthrough films === Miyazaki|italic=no left Nippon Animation in 1979, during the production of Anne of Green Gables; he provided scene design and organization on the first fifteen episodes.
In November 1980, a proposal was drawn up to acquire the film rights.
In the 1980s, Miyazaki|italic=no contacted Ursula K.
Miyazaki|italic=no directed six episodes of Sherlock Hound in 1981, until issues with Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's estate led to a suspension in production; Miyazaki|italic=no was busy with other projects by the time the issues were resolved, and the remaining episodes were directed by Kyosuke Mikuriya|italic=no.
The manga—titled Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind—ran from February 1982 to March 1994.
Miyazaki resigned from Telecom Animation Film in November 1982. Following the success of Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Yasuyoshi Tokuma|italic=no, the founder of Tokuma Shoten|italic=no, encouraged Miyazaki|italic=no to work on a film adaptation.
She died in July 1983 at the age of 71. Miyazaki|italic=no began school in 1947, at an elementary school in Utsunomiya|italic=no, completing the first through third grades.
The novel was published by Tokuma Shoten|italic=no in June 1983, and dramatised for radio broadcast in 1987.
Pre-production began on 31 May 1983; Miyazaki|italic=no encountered difficulties in creating the screenplay, with only sixteen chapters of the manga to work with.
In the same period, he also started writing and illustrating the manga Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1982–1994), of which he also directed the 1984 film adaptation produced by Topcraft. Miyazaki|italic=no co-founded Studio Ghibli in 1985.
They were broadcast from November 1984 to May 1985.
Hayao Miyazaki's Daydream Data Notes was also irregularly published from November 1984 to October 1994 in Model Graphix; selections of the stories received radio broadcast in 1995. After the release of The Castle of Cagliostro, Miyazaki|italic=no began working on his ideas for an animated film adaptation of Richard Corben's comic book Rowlf and pitched the idea to Yutaka Fujioka|italic=no at TMS.
Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind was released on 11 March 1984.
In April 1984, Miyazaki|italic=no opened his own office in Suginami|italic=no Ward, naming it Nibariki|italic=no. === Studio Ghibli === ==== Early films (1985–1996) ==== In June 1985, Miyazaki, Takahata, Tokuma|italic=no and Suzuki|italic=no founded the animation production company Studio Ghibli, with funding from Tokuma Shoten|italic=no.
Some of the architecture in the film was also inspired by a Welsh mining town; Miyazaki|italic=no witnessed the mining strike upon his first visit to Wales in 1984, and admired the miners' dedication to their work and community.
In the same period, he also started writing and illustrating the manga Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1982–1994), of which he also directed the 1984 film adaptation produced by Topcraft. Miyazaki|italic=no co-founded Studio Ghibli in 1985.
They were broadcast from November 1984 to May 1985.
In April 1984, Miyazaki|italic=no opened his own office in Suginami|italic=no Ward, naming it Nibariki|italic=no. === Studio Ghibli === ==== Early films (1985–1996) ==== In June 1985, Miyazaki, Takahata, Tokuma|italic=no and Suzuki|italic=no founded the animation production company Studio Ghibli, with funding from Tokuma Shoten|italic=no.
Laputa was released on 2 August 1986.
The novel was published by Tokuma Shoten|italic=no in June 1983, and dramatised for radio broadcast in 1987.
However, merchandising was successful, and the film was labelled as a cult classic. In 1987, Studio Ghibli acquired the rights to create a film adaptation of Eiko Kadono|italic=no's novel Kiki's Delivery Service.
Miyazaki|italic=no's following film, My Neighbor Totoro, was released alongside Takahata's Grave of the Fireflies in April 1988 to ensure Studio Ghibli's financial status.
Kiki's Delivery Service premiered on 29 July 1989.
It earned ¥2.15 billion at the box office, and was the highest-grossing film in Japan in 1989. From March to May 1989, Miyazaki|italic=no's manga Hikōtei Jidai was published in the magazine Model Graphix.
The outbreak of the Yugoslav Wars in 1991 affected Miyazaki|italic=no, prompting a more sombre tone for the film; Miyazaki|italic=no would later refer to the film as "foolish", as its mature tones were unsuitable for children.
The airline remained a major investor in the film, resulting in its initial premiere as an in-flight film, prior to its theatrical release on 18 July 1992.
The film was critically and commercially successful, remaining the highest-grossing animated film in Japan for several years. Studio Ghibli set up its headquarters in Koganei|italic=no, Tokyo in August 1992.
In November 1992, two television spots directed by Miyazaki|italic=no were broadcast by Nippon Television Network (NTV): Sora Iro no Tane, a 90-second spot loosely based on the illustrated story Sora Iro no Tane by Rieko Nakagawa|italic=no and Yuriko Omura|italic=no, and commissioned to celebrate NTV's fortieth anniversary; and Nandarou, aired as one 15-second and four 5-second spots, centered on an undefinable creature which ultimately became NTV's mascot.
His father, Katsuji Miyazaki|italic=no ( 1915 – 18 March 1993), was the director of Miyazaki Airplane, which manufactured rudders for fighter planes during World War II.
Hayao Miyazaki's Daydream Data Notes was also irregularly published from November 1984 to October 1994 in Model Graphix; selections of the stories received radio broadcast in 1995. After the release of The Castle of Cagliostro, Miyazaki|italic=no began working on his ideas for an animated film adaptation of Richard Corben's comic book Rowlf and pitched the idea to Yutaka Fujioka|italic=no at TMS.
The manga—titled Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind—ran from February 1982 to March 1994.
Miyazaki|italic=no designed the storyboards and wrote the screenplay for Whisper of the Heart (1995), directed by Yoshifumi Kondō|italic=no. ==== Global emergence (1997–2008) ==== Miyazaki|italic=no began work on the initial storyboards for Princess Mononoke in August 1994, based on preliminary thoughts and sketches from the late 1970s.
Hayao Miyazaki's Daydream Data Notes was also irregularly published from November 1984 to October 1994 in Model Graphix; selections of the stories received radio broadcast in 1995. After the release of The Castle of Cagliostro, Miyazaki|italic=no began working on his ideas for an animated film adaptation of Richard Corben's comic book Rowlf and pitched the idea to Yutaka Fujioka|italic=no at TMS.
Despite the video's popularity, Suzuki|italic=no said that it was not given "100 percent" focus. In May 1995, Miyazaki|italic=no took a group of artists and animators to the ancient forests of Yakushima|italic=no and the mountains of Shirakami-Sanchi|italic=no, taking photographs and making sketches.
Miyazaki|italic=no's film Princess Mononoke was the first animated film ever to win the Japan Academy Prize for Picture of the Year, and briefly became the highest-grossing film in Japan following its release in 1997; its distribution to the Western world greatly increased Ghibli's popularity and influence outside Japan.
While the original intention was to digitally paint 5,000 of the film's frames, time constraints doubled this. Upon its premiere on 12 July 1997, Princess Mononoke was critically acclaimed, becoming the first animated film to win the Japan Academy Prize for Picture of the Year.
Miyazaki|italic=no claimed that Princess Mononoke would be his final film. Tokuma Shoten|italic=no merged with Studio Ghibli in June 1997.
His 2001 film Spirited Away became the highest-grossing film in Japanese history, winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards, and is frequently ranked among the greatest films of the 2000s.
Production of the film, titled Spirited Away, commenced in 2000 on a budget of ¥1.9 billion (US$15 million).
The film was released on 20 July 2001; it received critical acclaim, and is considered among the greatest films of the 2000s.
His 2001 film Spirited Away became the highest-grossing film in Japanese history, winning the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards, and is frequently ranked among the greatest films of the 2000s.
The film was released on 20 July 2001; it received critical acclaim, and is considered among the greatest films of the 2000s.
It became the highest-grossing film in Japan, a record it maintained for almost 20 years. In September 2001, Studio Ghibli announced the production of Howl's Moving Castle, based on the novel by Diana Wynne Jones.
After the release of The Wind Rises in 2013, some online critics labeled Miyazaki a "traitor" and "anti-Japanese", describing the film as overly "left-wing". Miyazaki refused to attend the 75th Academy Awards in Hollywood, Los Angeles in 2003, in protest of the United States' involvement in the Iraq War, later stating that he "didn't want to visit a country that was bombing Iraq".
It was released on 20 November 2004, and received widespread critical acclaim.
Miyazaki|italic=no received the honorary Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement award at the 62nd Venice International Film Festival in 2005. In March 2005, Studio Ghibli split from Tokuma Shoten|italic=no.
She met with Suzuki|italic=no in August 2005, who wanted Miyazaki|italic=no's son Gorō|italic=no to direct the film, as Miyazaki|italic=no had wished to retire.
The film's seaside village was inspired by Tomonoura|italic=no, a town in Setonaikai National Park, where Miyazaki|italic=no stayed in 2005.
Upon Miyazaki|italic=no's viewing of the film, he wrote a message for his son: "It was made honestly, so it was good". Miyazaki|italic=no designed the covers for several manga novels in 2006, including A Trip to Tynemouth; he also worked as editor, and created a short manga for the book.
Miyazaki|italic=no's next film, Ponyo, began production in May 2006.
During the production of Tales from Earthsea in 2006, Gorō said that his father "gets zero marks as a father but full marks as a director of animated films".
Following its release on 19 July 2008, Ponyo was critically acclaimed, receiving Animation of the Year at the 32nd Japan Academy Prize.
The film was also a commercial success, earning ¥10 billion (US$93.2 million) in its first month and ¥15.5 billion by the end of 2008, placing it among the highest-grossing films in Japan. ==== Later films (2009–present) ==== In early 2009, Miyazaki|italic=no began writing a manga called , telling the story of Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter designer Jiro Horikoshi|italic=no.
The film was also a commercial success, earning ¥10 billion (US$93.2 million) in its first month and ¥15.5 billion by the end of 2008, placing it among the highest-grossing films in Japan. ==== Later films (2009–present) ==== In early 2009, Miyazaki|italic=no began writing a manga called , telling the story of Mitsubishi A6M Zero fighter designer Jiro Horikoshi|italic=no.
The manga was first published in two issues of the Model Graphix magazine, published on 25 February and 25 March 2009.
He did not publicly express this opinion at the request of his producer until 2009, when he lifted his boycott and attended San Diego Comic Con International as a favor to his friend John Lasseter.
Miyazaki|italic=no's works have been highly praised and awarded; he was named a Person of Cultural Merit for outstanding cultural contributions in November 2012, and received the Academy Honorary Award for his impact on animation and cinema in November 2014.
In November 2012, Studio Ghibli announced the production of The Wind Rises, based on Kaze Tachinu, to be released alongside Takahata|italic=no's The Tale of the Princess Kaguya. Miyazaki|italic=no was inspired to create The Wind Rises after reading a quote from Horikoshi|italic=no: "All I wanted to do was to make something beautiful".
He was named a Person of Cultural Merit by the Japanese government in November 2012, for outstanding cultural contributions.
The film premiered on 20 July 2013, and received critical acclaim; it was named Animation of the Year at the 37th Japan Academy Prize, and was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 86th Academy Awards.
It was also commercially successful, grossing ¥11.6 billion (US$110 million) at the Japanese box office, becoming the highest-grossing film in Japan in 2013. In September 2013, Miyazaki|italic=no announced that he was retiring from the production of feature films due to his age, but wished to continue working on the displays at the Studio Ghibli Museum.
He has also frequently criticized otaku, including "gun otaku" and "Zero fanatics", declaring it a "fetish", and refusing to identify himself as such. In 2013, several Studio Ghibli staff members, including Miyazaki, criticized Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe's policies, and the proposed Constitutional amendment that would allow Abe to revise the clause which outlaws war as a means to settle international disputes.
After the release of The Wind Rises in 2013, some online critics labeled Miyazaki a "traitor" and "anti-Japanese", describing the film as overly "left-wing". Miyazaki refused to attend the 75th Academy Awards in Hollywood, Los Angeles in 2003, in protest of the United States' involvement in the Iraq War, later stating that he "didn't want to visit a country that was bombing Iraq".
Miyazaki|italic=no's works have been highly praised and awarded; he was named a Person of Cultural Merit for outstanding cultural contributions in November 2012, and received the Academy Honorary Award for his impact on animation and cinema in November 2014.
Miyazaki|italic=no was awarded the Academy Honorary Award at the Governors Awards in November 2014.
Following the release of The Wind Rises, Miyazaki|italic=no announced his retirement from feature films, though he returned to work on the upcoming feature film How Do You Live? in 2016. Miyazaki|italic=no's works are characterized by the recurrence of themes such as humanity's relationship with nature and technology, the wholesomeness of natural and traditional patterns of living, the importance of art and craftsmanship, and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic in a violent world.
In August 2016, Miyazaki|italic=no proposed a new feature-length film, How Do You Live?, on which he began animation work without receiving official approval.
In November 2016, Miyazaki stated that he believed "many of the people who voted for Brexit and Trump" were affected by the increase in unemployment due to companies "building cars in Mexico because of low wages and [selling] them in the US".
It was screened exclusively at the Studio Ghibli Museum in July 2017.
In December 2020, Suzuki stated that the film's animation was "half finished" and added that he does not expect the film to release for another three years. In January 2019, it was reported that Vincent Maraval, a frequent collaborator of Miyazaki|italic=no, tweeted a hint that Miyazaki|italic=no may have plans for another film in the works.
In February 2019, a four-part documentary was broadcast on the NHK network titled 10 Years with Hayao Miyazaki, documenting production of his films in his private studio.
In December 2020, Suzuki stated that the film's animation was "half finished" and added that he does not expect the film to release for another three years. In January 2019, it was reported that Vincent Maraval, a frequent collaborator of Miyazaki|italic=no, tweeted a hint that Miyazaki|italic=no may have plans for another film in the works.
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