Heinrich Schliemann (; 6 January 1822 – 26 December 1890) was a German businessman and pioneer in the field of archaeology.
Evans bought the site and stepped in to take charge of the project, which was then still in its infancy. ==Childhood and youth== Schliemann was born January 6, 1822 Heinrich Schliemann in Neubukow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (part of the German Confederation).
The family moved to Ankershagen in 1823 (today their home houses the Heinrich Schliemann Museum). Heinrich's father was a poor Pastor.
Heinrich's later interest in history was initially encouraged by his father, who had schooled him in the tales of the Iliad and the Odyssey and had given him a copy of Ludwig Jerrer's Illustrated History of the World for Christmas in 1829.
His mother, Luise Therese Sophie Schliemann, died in 1831, when Heinrich was nine years old.
Schliemann later claimed that at the age of 7 he had declared he would one day excavate the city of Troy. However, Heinrich had to transfer to the Realschule (vocational school) after his father was accused of embezzling church funds and had to leave that institution in 1836 when his father was no longer able to pay for it.
In 1841, Schliemann moved to Hamburg and became a cabin boy on the Dorothea, a steamer bound for Venezuela.
Schliemann became a messenger, office attendant, and later, a bookkeeper in Amsterdam. ==Career and family== On March 1, 1844, 22-year-old Schliemann took a position with B.
In 1846, the firm sent him as a General Agent to St.
In 1850, he learned of the death of his brother, Ludwig, who had become wealthy as a speculator in the California gold fields. Schliemann went to California in early 1851 and started a bank in Sacramento buying and reselling over a million dollars' worth of gold dust in just six months.
While he was there, California became the 31st state in September 1850, and Schliemann acquired United States citizenship.
In 1850, he learned of the death of his brother, Ludwig, who had become wealthy as a speculator in the California gold fields. Schliemann went to California in early 1851 and started a bank in Sacramento buying and reselling over a million dollars' worth of gold dust in just six months.
Calder III says that Schliemann didn't attend but simply read about a similar gathering in the papers. Schliemann also published what he said was an eyewitness account of the San Francisco Fire of 1851, which he said was in June although it took place in May.
At the time he was in Sacramento and used the report of the fire in the Sacramento Daily Journal to write his report. On April 7, 1852, he sold his business and returned to Russia.
Schliemann had previously learned that his childhood sweetheart, Minna, had married. Heinrich and Ekaterina married on October 12, 1852.
David Traill wrote that the examiners gave him his PhD on the basis of his topographical analyses of Ithaca, which were in part simply translations of another author's work or drawn from poetic descriptions by the same author. In 1869, Schliemann divorced his first wife, Ekaterina Petrovna Lyshin, whom he had married in 1852, and bore him three children.
Ekaterina and Heinrich had a son, Sergey (1855–1941), and two daughters, Natalya (1859–1869) and Nadezhda (1861–1935). Schliemann made yet another quick fortune as a military contractor in the Crimean War, 1854–1856.
He cornered the market in saltpeter, sulfur, and lead, constituents of ammunition, which he resold to the Russian government. By 1858, Schliemann was 36 years old and wealthy enough to retire.
He spent a month studying at the Sorbonne in 1866, while moving his assets from St.
Many refer to him as the "father of pre-Hellenistic archaeology." In 1868, Schliemann visited sites in the Greek world, published Ithaka, der Peloponnesus und Troja in which he asserted that Hissarlik was the site of Troy, and submitted a dissertation in Ancient Greek proposing the same thesis to the University of Rostock.
While this story was propounded in Schliemann's autobiography of 1881, Christo Thanos and Wout Arentzen, state clearly that Schliemann was in St Petersburg that day, and "in actual fact, ...obtained his American citizenship only in 1869." According to his memoirs, before arriving in California he dined in Washington, D.C.
In 1869, he bought property and settled in Indianapolis for about three months to take advantage of Indiana's liberal divorce laws, although he obtained the divorce by lying about his residency in the U.S.
In 1869, he was awarded a PhD in absentia from the University of Rostock, in Germany, for that submission.
David Traill wrote that the examiners gave him his PhD on the basis of his topographical analyses of Ithaca, which were in part simply translations of another author's work or drawn from poetic descriptions by the same author. In 1869, Schliemann divorced his first wife, Ekaterina Petrovna Lyshin, whom he had married in 1852, and bore him three children.
They were married by the archbishop on 23 September 1869.
Schliemann began digging at Hissarlik in 1870, and by 1873 had discovered nine buried cities.
Other investigators followed, such as Professor David Traill of the University of California. An article published by the National Geographic Society called into question Schliemann's qualifications, his motives, and his methods: In northwestern Turkey, Heinrich Schliemann excavated the site believed to be Troy in 1870.
Brian Rose: German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann was the first to explore the Mound of Troy in the 1870s.
Schliemann began digging at Hissarlik in 1870, and by 1873 had discovered nine buried cities.
The day before digging was to stop on 15 June 1873, was the day he discovered gold, which he took to be Priam's treasure trove. A cache of gold and several other objects appeared on or around May 27, 1873; Schliemann named it "Priam's Treasure".
Schliemann published Troy and Its Remains in 1874.
There was no science of archaeological investigation, and there was probably no other digger who was better than Schliemann in actual field work." In 1874, Schliemann also initiated and sponsored the removal of medieval edifices from the Acropolis of Athens, including the great Frankish Tower.
In 1994, the museum admitted the collection was in their possession. In 1876, he began digging at Mycenae.
These findings were published in Mycenae in 1878. Although he had received permission in 1876 to continue excavation, Schliemann did not reopen the dig site at Troy until 1878–1879, after another excavation in Ithaca designed to locate a site mentioned in the Odyssey.
He plowed through layers of soil and everything in them without proper record keeping—no mapping of finds, few descriptions of discoveries." Carl Blegen forgave his recklessness, saying "Although there were some regrettable blunders, those criticisms are largely colored by a comparison with modern techniques of digging; but it is only fair to remember that before 1876 very few persons, if anyone, yet really knew how excavations should properly be conducted.
These findings were published in Mycenae in 1878. Although he had received permission in 1876 to continue excavation, Schliemann did not reopen the dig site at Troy until 1878–1879, after another excavation in Ithaca designed to locate a site mentioned in the Odyssey.
They later had two children, Andromache and Agamemnon Schliemann. Schliemann was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1880. ===Troy and Mycenae=== Schliemann's first interest of a classical nature seems to have been the location of Troy.
While this story was propounded in Schliemann's autobiography of 1881, Christo Thanos and Wout Arentzen, state clearly that Schliemann was in St Petersburg that day, and "in actual fact, ...obtained his American citizenship only in 1869." According to his memoirs, before arriving in California he dined in Washington, D.C.
However, in 1881, his collections ended up in Berlin, housed first in the Ethnographic Museum, and then the Museum for Pre- and Early History, until the start of WWII.
Heinrich Schliemann (; 6 January 1822 – 26 December 1890) was a German businessman and pioneer in the field of archaeology.
On Christmas Day 1890, he collapsed into a coma; he died in a Naples hotel room the following day; the cause of death was cholesteatoma. His corpse was then transported by friends to the First Cemetery in Athens.
Translated into English Tiryns: The Prehistoric Palace of the Kings of Tiryns (1885) Bericht über de Ausgrabungen in Troja im Jahre 1890 (1891) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
In 1939, all exhibits were packed and stored in the museum basement, then moved to the Prussian State Bank vault in January 1941.
In 1939, all exhibits were packed and stored in the museum basement, then moved to the Prussian State Bank vault in January 1941.
Later in 1941, the treasure was moved to the Flakturm located at the Berlin Zoological Garden, called the Zoo Tower.
On 26 May 1945, Soviet forces, led by Lt.
The crates were then flown to Moscow on 30 June 1945, and taken to the Pushkin Museum ten days later.
In 1994, the museum admitted the collection was in their possession. In 1876, he began digging at Mycenae.
Schliemann is portrayed as "Heinrich Obermann". Schliemann is also the subject of Chris Kuzneski's novel The Lost Throne. Schliemann is the subject of Irving Stone's novel The Greek Treasure (1975), which was the basis for the 2007 German television production Der geheimnisvolle Schatz von Troja (Hunt for Troy). Schliemann is a peripheral character in the historical mystery, A Terrible Beauty.
It is the 11th book in a series of novels featuring Lady Emily Hargreaves by Tasha Alexander. ==Publications== La Chine et le Japon au temps présent (1867) Ithaka, der Peloponnesus und Troja (1868) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
) Trojanische Altertümer: Bericht über die Ausgrabungen in Troja (1874) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Translated into English as Troy and its Remains (1875) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Translated into English as Mycenae: A Narrative of Researches and Discoveries at Mycenae and Tiryns (1878) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
) Ilios, City and Country of the Trojans (1880) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
) Orchomenos: Bericht über meine Ausgrabungen in Böotischen Orchomenos (1881) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
) Tiryns: Der prähistorische Palast der Könige von Tiryns (1885) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Translated into English Tiryns: The Prehistoric Palace of the Kings of Tiryns (1885) Bericht über de Ausgrabungen in Troja im Jahre 1890 (1891) (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05