Russians besieged the Sveaborg fortress during the war, and about one quarter of the town was destroyed in an 1808 fire. Russian Emperor Alexander I of Russia moved the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki in 1812 to reduce Swedish influence in Finland, and to bring the capital closer to Saint Petersburg.
Most of Helsinki's older buildings were built after the 1808 fire; before that time, the oldest surviving building in the center of Helsinki is the (1757) at the intersection of Senate Square and the Katariinankatu street.
The construction of the naval fortress Sveaborg (in Finnish Viapori, today also Suomenlinna) in the 18th century helped improve Helsinki's status, but it was not until Russia defeated Sweden in the Finnish War and annexed Finland as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland in 1809 that the town began to develop into a substantial city.
The life expectancy for men and women is slightly below the national averages: 75.1 years for men as compared to 75.7 years, 81.7 years for women as compared to 82.5 years. Helsinki has experienced strong growth since the 1810s, when it replaced Turku as the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland, which later became the sovereign Republic of Finland.
Russians besieged the Sveaborg fortress during the war, and about one quarter of the town was destroyed in an 1808 fire. Russian Emperor Alexander I of Russia moved the Finnish capital from Turku to Helsinki in 1812 to reduce Swedish influence in Finland, and to bring the capital closer to Saint Petersburg.
The town was commonly known as Helsinge or Helsing, from which the contemporary Finnish name arose. Official Finnish Government documents and Finnish language newspapers have used the name Helsinki since 1819, when the Senate of Finland moved itself into the city from Turku, the former capital of Finland.
Following the Great Fire of Turku in 1827, the Royal Academy of Turku, which at the time was the country's only university, was also relocated to Helsinki and eventually became the modern University of Helsinki.
It is surrounded by the Government Palace (to the east), the main building of Helsinki University (to the west), and (to the north) the large Helsinki Cathedral, which was finished in 1852, twelve years after Engel's death.
The Cathedral of the Diocese of Helsinki is the Helsinki Cathedral, completed in 1852.
The two largest Catholic congregations are , with 4,552 members, established in 1860 and , with 4,107 members, established in 1954.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in the city was , on 10 January 1987 although an unofficial low of was recorded in December 1876.
Knowledge of Finnish is also essential in business and is usually a basic requirement in the employment market. Finnish speakers surpassed Swedish speakers in 1890 to become the majority of the city's population.
In 2004, it was estimated that there were 8,000 Muslims in Helsinki, 1.5% of the population at the time. The main synagogue of Helsinki is the Helsinki Synagogue from 1906, located in Kamppi.
It has over 1,200 members, out of the 1,800 Jews in Finland, and it is the older of the two buildings in Finland originally built as a synagogue, followed by the Turku Synagogue in 1912.
Next to Kiasma is the glass-walled Sanomatalo (1999). The start of the 21st century marked the beginning of highrise construction in Helsinki, when the city decided to allow the construction of skyscrapers; prior to this, Hotel Torni (69,5 m, 228 ft), built in 1931, has generally been called Finland's first skyscraper, and was at time the tallest building in Finland until 1976.
The sports venues were built to serve the 1940 Helsinki Olympic Games; the games were initially cancelled due to the Second World War, but the venues fulfilled their purpose in the 1952 Olympic Games.
The Olympic stadium hosted the first ever Bandy World Championship in 1957. Helsinki was elected host-city of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but due to World War II they were canceled.
Between 1944 and 1969 the population of the city nearly doubled from 275,000 to 525,600. In the 1960s, the population growth of Helsinki began to decrease, mainly due to a lack of housing.
The highest temperature ever recorded in the city was , on 28 July 2019 at Kaisaniemi weather station, breaking the previous record of that was observed in July 1945 at Ilmala weather station.
The city's first nature reserve, Tiiraluoto of Lauttasaari, was established in 1948. The title plant of Helsinki is the Norway maple and the title animal is the red squirrel. ===Metropolitan area=== The Helsinki metropolitan area, also known as the Capital Region (Finnish: Pääkaupunkiseutu, Swedish: Huvudstadsregionen) comprises four municipalities: Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen.
Espoo's population increased ninefold in sixty years, from 22,874 people in 1950 to 244,353 in 2009.
Vantaa saw an even more dramatic change in the same time span: from 14,976 in 1950 to 197,663 in 2009, a thirteenfold increase.
The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport, located in the neighboring city of Vantaa, with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia. Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012, the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007. Helsinki has one of the world's highest urban standards of living.
A landmark event was the 1952 Olympic Games, held in Helsinki.
The sports venues were built to serve the 1940 Helsinki Olympic Games; the games were initially cancelled due to the Second World War, but the venues fulfilled their purpose in the 1952 Olympic Games.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
Instead Helsinki was the host of the 1952 Summer Olympics.
The two largest Catholic congregations are , with 4,552 members, established in 1860 and , with 4,107 members, established in 1954.
The Olympic stadium hosted the first ever Bandy World Championship in 1957. Helsinki was elected host-city of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but due to World War II they were canceled.
The Olympic Stadium and Helsinki-Malmi Airport are also catalogued by the Finnish National Board of Antiquities as cultural-historical environments of national significance. When Finland became heavily urbanized in the 1960s and 1970s, the district of Pihlajamäki, for example, was built in Helsinki for new residents, where for the first time in Finland, the precast concrete method was used on a large scale.
Between 1944 and 1969 the population of the city nearly doubled from 275,000 to 525,600. In the 1960s, the population growth of Helsinki began to decrease, mainly due to a lack of housing.
Rarely has Helsinki been represented on its own in films, most notably the 1967 British-American espionage thriller Billion Dollar Brain, starring Michael Caine.
Between 1944 and 1969 the population of the city nearly doubled from 275,000 to 525,600. In the 1960s, the population growth of Helsinki began to decrease, mainly due to a lack of housing.
The church was designed by architects and brothers Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen and opened in 1969.
Finland's rapid urbanization in the 1970s, occurring late relative to the rest of Europe, tripled the population in the metropolitan area, and the Helsinki Metro subway system was built.
The Olympic Stadium and Helsinki-Malmi Airport are also catalogued by the Finnish National Board of Antiquities as cultural-historical environments of national significance. When Finland became heavily urbanized in the 1960s and 1970s, the district of Pihlajamäki, for example, was built in Helsinki for new residents, where for the first time in Finland, the precast concrete method was used on a large scale.
From the end of World War II up until the 1970s there was a massive exodus of people from the countryside to the cities of Finland, in particular Helsinki.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
Next to Kiasma is the glass-walled Sanomatalo (1999). The start of the 21st century marked the beginning of highrise construction in Helsinki, when the city decided to allow the construction of skyscrapers; prior to this, Hotel Torni (69,5 m, 228 ft), built in 1931, has generally been called Finland's first skyscraper, and was at time the tallest building in Finland until 1976.
Pikku Huopalahti, built in the 1980s and 1990s, has tried to get rid of a one-size-fits-all grid pattern, which means that Pikku Huopalahti's look is very organic and its streets are not repeated in the same way.
Itäkeskus in the Eastern Helsinki was the first regional center in the 1980s.
The Helsinki City Marathon has been held in the city every year since 1981, usually in August.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
Helsinki was also in 1983 the first ever city to host the World Championships in Athletics.
The lowest temperature ever recorded in the city was , on 10 January 1987 although an unofficial low of was recorded in December 1876.
Helsinki Airport (in Vantaa, north of the Helsinki city centre) recorded a temperature of , on 29 July 2010, and a low of , on 9 January 1987.
Pikku Huopalahti, built in the 1980s and 1990s, has tried to get rid of a one-size-fits-all grid pattern, which means that Pikku Huopalahti's look is very organic and its streets are not repeated in the same way.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
The largest congregation in both Helsinki and Finland is the , established in 1995.
A Formula 3000 race through the city streets was held on 25 May 1997.
In 2004, it was estimated that there were 8,000 Muslims in Helsinki, 1.5% of the population at the time. The main synagogue of Helsinki is the Helsinki Synagogue from 1906, located in Kamppi.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
Helsinki also hosted the event in 2005, thus also becoming the first city to ever host the Championships for a second time.
Helsinki has Finland's largest fairgrounds, the Messukeskus Helsinki. Helsinki Arena hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, the first Eurovision Song Contest arranged in Finland, following Lordi's win in 2006. ===Art=== The Helsinki Day (Helsinki-päivä) will be celebrated on every June 12, with numerous entertainment events culminating in an open-air concert.
The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport, located in the neighboring city of Vantaa, with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia. Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012, the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007. Helsinki has one of the world's highest urban standards of living.
Helsinki has Finland's largest fairgrounds, the Messukeskus Helsinki. Helsinki Arena hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, the first Eurovision Song Contest arranged in Finland, following Lordi's win in 2006. ===Art=== The Helsinki Day (Helsinki-päivä) will be celebrated on every June 12, with numerous entertainment events culminating in an open-air concert.
Espoo's population increased ninefold in sixty years, from 22,874 people in 1950 to 244,353 in 2009.
Vantaa saw an even more dramatic change in the same time span: from 14,976 in 1950 to 197,663 in 2009, a thirteenfold increase.
In 2009 Helsinki was host of the European Figure Skating Championships, and in 2017 it hosted World Figure Skating Championships.
Helsinki Airport (in Vantaa, north of the Helsinki city centre) recorded a temperature of , on 29 July 2010, and a low of , on 9 January 1987.
Also, the Helsinki Festival is an annual arts and culture festival, which takes place every August (including the Night of the Arts). At the Senate Square in fall 2010, Finland's largest open-air art exhibition to date took place: About 1.4 million people saw the international exhibition of United Buddy Bears. Helsinki was the 2012 World Design Capital, in recognition of the use of design as an effective tool for social, cultural, and economic development in the city.
In 2011, the British magazine Monocle ranked Helsinki the world's most liveable city in its liveable cities index.
The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport, located in the neighboring city of Vantaa, with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia. Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012, the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007. Helsinki has one of the world's highest urban standards of living.
Also, the Helsinki Festival is an annual arts and culture festival, which takes place every August (including the Night of the Arts). At the Senate Square in fall 2010, Finland's largest open-air art exhibition to date took place: About 1.4 million people saw the international exhibition of United Buddy Bears. Helsinki was the 2012 World Design Capital, in recognition of the use of design as an effective tool for social, cultural, and economic development in the city.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
It has over 2,800 members , and it received €24,131 in government assistance. In 2015, imam estimated that on big celebrations around 10,000 Muslims visit mosques.
In the Economist Intelligence Unit's 2016 liveability survey, Helsinki was ranked ninth among 140 cities. ==Etymology== According to a theory presented in the 1630s, at the time of Swedish colonisation of coastal areas of Finland, colonists from Hälsingland in central Sweden had arrived at what is now known as the Vantaa River and called it Helsingå ("Helsinge River"), which gave rise to the names of Helsinge village and church in the 1300s.
Following the most recent municipal elections in 2017, the three largest parties are the National Coalition Party (25), the Green League (21), and the Social Democratic Party (12). The Mayor of Helsinki is Jan Vapaavuori. ==Demographics== At 53 percent of the population, women form a greater proportion of Helsinki residents than the national average of 51 percent.
In 2009 Helsinki was host of the European Figure Skating Championships, and in 2017 it hosted World Figure Skating Championships.
In 2018, 101,825 residents spoke a native language other than Finnish, Swedish, or one of the three Sami languages spoken in Finland, and 103,499 had a foreign background.
Mary's Church. At the end of 2018, 52.4% of the population were affiliated to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.
The last week of June marks the Helsinki Pride [rights] event, which was attended by 100,000 marchers in 2018. ==Sports== Helsinki has a long tradition of sports: the city gained much of its initial international recognition during the 1952 Summer Olympics, and the city has arranged sporting events such as the first World Championships in Athletics 1983 and 2005, and the European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994, and 2012.
The highest temperature ever recorded in the city was , on 28 July 2019 at Kaisaniemi weather station, breaking the previous record of that was observed in July 1945 at Ilmala weather station.
Construction of the towers will start before 2020.
Pieces outside of Tennispalatsi include about 200 public art pieces and all art held in property owned by the city. Helsinki Art Museum will in 2020 launch the Helsinki Biennial, which will bring art to maritime Helsinki – in its first year to the island of Vallisaari. The Design Museum is devoted to the exhibition of both Finnish and foreign design, including industrial design, fashion, and graphic design.
The city will host the 2021 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup. ==Transport== ===Roads=== The backbone of Helsinki's motorway network consists of three semicircular beltways, Ring I, Ring II, and Ring III, which connect expressways heading to other parts of Finland, and the western and eastern arteries of Länsiväylä and Itäväylä respectively.
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