Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present.
German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present, vol.
Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American businessman, inventor, and statistician who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting.
He entered the City College of New York in 1875, graduated from the Columbia University School of Mines with an "Engineer of Mines" degree in 1879 at age 19, and in 1890 asked for (and was awarded) a PhD based on his development of the tabulating system.
He entered the City College of New York in 1875, graduated from the Columbia University School of Mines with an "Engineer of Mines" degree in 1879 at age 19, and in 1890 asked for (and was awarded) a PhD based on his development of the tabulating system.
The net effect of the many changes from the 1880 census: the larger population, the data items to be collected, the Census Bureau headcount, the scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators, was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company (in 1905 renamed The Tabulating Machine Company).
In 1882 Hollerith joined the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he taught mechanical engineering and conducted his first experiments with punched cards.
His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of the era of mechanized binary code and semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century. Hollerith founded a company that was amalgamated in 1911 with several other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
Titled "Art of Compiling Statistics", it was filed on September 23, 1884; U.S.
On January 8, 1889, Hollerith was issued U.S.
Patent 395,782 was granted on January 8, 1889. Hollerith initially did business under his own name, as The Hollerith Electric Tabulating System, specializing in punched card data processing equipment.
Recommended!! Hollerith's patents from 1889: Columbia University Computing History: Herman Hollerith Hollerith's 1890 Census Tabulator IBM Archives: Herman Hollerith The Tabulating Machine Co.
He entered the City College of New York in 1875, graduated from the Columbia University School of Mines with an "Engineer of Mines" degree in 1879 at age 19, and in 1890 asked for (and was awarded) a PhD based on his development of the tabulating system.
He provided tabulators and other machines under contract for the Census Office, which used them for the 1890 census.
The net effect of the many changes from the 1880 census: the larger population, the data items to be collected, the Census Bureau headcount, the scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators, was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company (in 1905 renamed The Tabulating Machine Company).
The 1890 Tabulator was hardwired to operate on 1890 Census cards.
History site: This article is the basis for his 1890 Columbia Ph.D.
Recommended!! Hollerith's patents from 1889: Columbia University Computing History: Herman Hollerith Hollerith's 1890 Census Tabulator IBM Archives: Herman Hollerith The Tabulating Machine Co.
The net effect of the many changes from the 1880 census: the larger population, the data items to be collected, the Census Bureau headcount, the scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators, was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company (in 1905 renamed The Tabulating Machine Company).
Hollerith's machines were used for censuses in England, Italy, Germany, Russia, Austria, Canada, France, Norway, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines, and again in the 1900 census. He invented the first automatic card-feed mechanism and the first keypunch.
The net effect of the many changes from the 1880 census: the larger population, the data items to be collected, the Census Bureau headcount, the scheduled publications, and the use of Hollerith's electromechanical tabulators, was to reduce the time required to process the census from eight years for the 1880 census to six years for the 1890 census. In 1896, Hollerith founded the Tabulating Machine Company (in 1905 renamed The Tabulating Machine Company).
A control panel in his 1906 Type I Tabulator simplified rewiring for different jobs.
His invention of the punched card tabulating machine, patented in 1884, marks the beginning of the era of mechanized binary code and semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century. Hollerith founded a company that was amalgamated in 1911 with several other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
These inventions were among the foundations of the data processing industry and Hollerith's punched cards (later used for computer input/output) continued in use for almost a century. In 1911, four corporations, including Hollerith's firm, were amalgamated to form a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR).
The 1920s removable control panel supported prewiring and near instant job changing.
In 1924, the company was renamed "International Business Machines" (IBM) and became one of the largest and most successful companies of the 20th century.
Watson, CTR was renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) in 1924.
Herman Hollerith (February 29, 1860 – November 17, 1929) was an American businessman, inventor, and statistician who developed an electromechanical tabulating machine for punched cards to assist in summarizing information and, later, in accounting.
By 1933 The Tabulating Machine Company name had disappeared as subsidiary companies were subsumed by IBM. ==Death and legacy== Hollerith is buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C. Hollerith cards were named after Herman Hollerith, as were Hollerith strings and Hollerith constants. His great-grandson, the Rt.
(1986/2009) The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society, Harvard University Press, 1986 pp. 390–425 Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976, from the best available copy.
Extracts reprinted in (Randell, 1982). From Randell (1982),"...
(1986/2009) The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society, Harvard University Press, 1986 pp. 390–425 Reprinted by Arno Press, 1976, from the best available copy.
German Historical Institute, 2017. From the Columbia Univ.
Last modified April 5, 2017.
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