Hesse's mother, Marie Gundert, was born at such a mission in India in 1842.
In describing her own childhood, she said, "A happy child I was not..." As was usual among missionaries at the time, she was left behind in Europe at the age of four when her parents returned to India. Hesse's father, Johannes Hesse, the son of a doctor, was born in 1847 in Weissenstein, Governorate of Estonia in the Russian Empire (now Paide, Järva County, Estonia).
In 1873, the Hesse family moved to Calw, where Johannes worked for the Calwer Verlagsverein, a publishing house specializing in theological texts and schoolbooks.
Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter.
In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. == Life and work == === Family background === Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg, German Empire.
Hesse showed a precocious ability to rhyme, and by 1889–90 had decided that he wanted to be a writer. === Education === In 1881, when Hesse was four, the family moved to Basel, Switzerland, staying for six years and then returning to Calw.
His first role model for becoming an artist was his half-brother, Theo, who rebelled against the family by entering a music conservatory in 1885.
Hesse showed a precocious ability to rhyme, and by 1889–90 had decided that he wanted to be a writer. === Education === In 1881, when Hesse was four, the family moved to Basel, Switzerland, staying for six years and then returning to Calw.
After successful attendance at the Latin School in Göppingen, Hesse entered the Evangelical Theological Seminary of Maulbronn Abbey in 1891.
In March 1892, Hesse showed his rebellious character, and, in one instance, he fled from the Seminary and was found in a field a day later.
At the end of 1892, he attended the Gymnasium in Cannstatt, now part of Stuttgart.
Marie's father, Hermann Gundert (also the namesake of his grandson), managed the publishing house at the time, and Johannes Hesse succeeded him in 1893. Hesse grew up in a Swabian Pietist household, with the Pietist tendency to insulate believers into small, deeply thoughtful groups.
In 1893, he passed the One Year Examination, which concluded his schooling.
Then, in the early summer of 1894, he began a 14-month mechanic apprenticeship at a clock tower factory in Calw.
In October 1895, he was ready to begin wholeheartedly a new apprenticeship with a bookseller in Tübingen.
This experience from his youth, especially his time spent at the Seminary in Maulbronn, he returns to later in his novel Beneath the Wheel. === Becoming a writer === On 17 October 1895, Hesse began working in the bookshop in Tübingen, which had a specialized collection in theology, philology, and law.
He also began reading Nietzsche in 1895, and that philosopher's ideas of "dual… impulses of passion and order" in humankind was a heavy influence on most of his novels. By 1898, Hesse had a respectable income that enabled financial independence from his parents.
Following a letter to Kapff in 1895 entitled Nirvana, Hesse had ceased alluding to Buddhist references in his work.
This usually left him feeling awkward in social situations. In 1896, his poem "Madonna" appeared in a Viennese periodical and Hesse released his first small volume of poetry, Romantic Songs.
In 1897, a published poem of his, "Grand Valse", drew him a fan letter.
He also began reading Nietzsche in 1895, and that philosopher's ideas of "dual… impulses of passion and order" in humankind was a heavy influence on most of his novels. By 1898, Hesse had a respectable income that enabled financial independence from his parents.
To please his wife, Diederichs agreed to publish Hesse's collection of prose entitled One Hour After Midnight in 1898 (although it is dated 1899).
To please his wife, Diederichs agreed to publish Hesse's collection of prose entitled One Hour After Midnight in 1898 (although it is dated 1899).
Furthermore, Hesse "suffered a great shock" when his mother disapproved of "Romantic Songs" on the grounds that they were too secular and even "vaguely sinful." From late 1899, Hesse worked in a distinguished antique book shop in Basel.
In 1900, Hesse was exempted from compulsory military service due to an eye condition.
This, along with nerve disorders and persistent headaches, affected him his entire life. In 1901, Hesse undertook to fulfill a long-held dream and travelled for the first time to Italy.
In 1902, his mother died after a long and painful illness.
Sigmund Freud "praised Peter Camenzind as one of his favourite readings." === Between Lake Constance and India === Having realised he could make a living as a writer, Hesse finally married Maria Bernoulli (of the famous family of mathematicians) in 1904, while her father, who disapproved of their relationship, was away for the weekend.
In 1904, however, Arthur Schopenhauer and his philosophical ideas started receiving attention again, and Hesse discovered theosophy.
In Gaienhofen, he wrote his second novel, Beneath the Wheel, which was published in 1906.
His story "The Wolf", written in 1906–07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf. His next novel, Gertrude, published in 1910, revealed a production crisis.
His story "The Wolf", written in 1906–07, was "quite possibly" a foreshadowing of Steppenwolf. His next novel, Gertrude, published in 1910, revealed a production crisis.
Although it was many years before the publication of Hesse's Siddhartha (1922), this masterpiece was to be derived from these new influences. During this time, there also was increased dissonance between him and Maria, and in 1911 Hesse left for a long trip to Sri Lanka and Indonesia.
Following Hesse's return, the family moved to Bern (1912), but the change of environment could not solve the marriage problems, as he himself confessed in his novel Rosshalde from 1914. === During the First World War === At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Hesse registered himself as a volunteer with the Imperial army, saying that he could not sit inactively by a warm fireplace while other young authors were dying on the front.
However, he did receive support from his friend Theodor Heuss, and the French writer Romain Rolland, who visited Hesse in August 1915.
In 1917, Hesse wrote to Rolland, "The attempt...to apply love to matters political has failed." This public controversy was not yet resolved when a deeper life crisis befell Hesse with the death of his father on 8 March 1916, the serious illness of his son Martin, and his wife's schizophrenia.
In 1917, Hesse wrote to Rolland, "The attempt...to apply love to matters political has failed." This public controversy was not yet resolved when a deeper life crisis befell Hesse with the death of his father on 8 March 1916, the serious illness of his son Martin, and his wife's schizophrenia.
During a three-week period in September and October 1917, Hesse penned his novel Demian, which would be published following the armistice in 1919 under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair. === Casa Camuzzi === By the time Hesse returned to civilian life in 1919, his marriage had fallen apart.
During a three-week period in September and October 1917, Hesse penned his novel Demian, which would be published following the armistice in 1919 under the pseudonym Emil Sinclair. === Casa Camuzzi === By the time Hesse returned to civilian life in 1919, his marriage had fallen apart.
Here, he explored his writing projects further; he began to paint, an activity reflected in his next major story, "Klingsor's Last Summer", published in 1920.
This new beginning in different surroundings brought him happiness, and Hesse later called his first year in Ticino "the fullest, most prolific, most industrious and most passionate time of my life." In 1922, Hesse's novella Siddhartha appeared, which showed the love for Indian culture and Buddhist philosophy that had already developed earlier in his life.
This marriage never attained any stability, however. In 1923, Hesse was granted Swiss citizenship.
In 1924, Hesse married the singer Ruth Wenger, the daughter of the Swiss writer Lisa Wenger and aunt of Méret Oppenheim.
His next major works, Kurgast (1925) and The Nuremberg Trip (1927), were autobiographical narratives with ironic undertones and foreshadowed Hesse's following novel, Steppenwolf, which was published in 1927.
This change to companionship was reflected in the novel Narcissus and Goldmund, appearing in 1930.
In the late 1930s, German journals stopped publishing Hesse's work, and the Nazis eventually banned it. The Glass Bead Game was Hesse's last novel.
In 1931, Hesse left the Casa Camuzzi and moved with Ninon to a large house (Casa Hesse) near Montagnola, which was built according to his wishes. In 1931, Hesse began planning what would become his last major work, The Glass Bead Game (a.k.a.
In 1932, as a preliminary study, he released the novella Journey to the East.
In 1933, Bertolt Brecht and Thomas Mann made their travels into exile, each aided by Hesse.
In March 1933, seven weeks after Hitler took power, Hesse wrote to a correspondent in Germany, "It is the duty of spiritual types to stand alongside the spirit and not to sing along when the people start belting out the patriotic songs their leaders have ordered them to sing." In the nineteen-thirties, Hesse made a quiet statement of resistance by reviewing and publicizing the work of banned Jewish authors, including Franz Kafka.
The Glass Bead Game was printed in 1943 in Switzerland.
In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. == Life and work == === Family background === Hermann Karl Hesse was born on 2 July 1877 in the Black Forest town of Calw in Württemberg, German Empire.
In 1955, the sales of Hesse's books by his publisher Suhrkamp reached an all-time low.
The Hermann-Hesse-Literaturpreis is a literary prize associated with the city of Karlsruhe that has been awarded since 1957.
The revival in popularity of Hesse's works has been credited to their association with some of the popular themes of the 1960s counterculture (or hippie) movement.
Hermann Karl Hesse (; 2 July 1877 – 9 August 1962) was a German-Swiss poet, novelist, and painter.
He died on 9 August 1962, aged 85, and was buried in the cemetery of Sant’Abbondio in Gentilino, where his friend and biographer Hugo Ball and another German personality, the conductor Bruno Walter are also buried. ==Influence== In his time, Hesse was a popular and influential author in the German-speaking world; worldwide fame only came later.
However, after Hesse's death in 1962, posthumously published writings, including letters and previously unknown pieces of prose, contributed to a new level of understanding and appreciation of his works. By the time of Hesse's death in 1962, his works were still relatively little read in the United States, despite his status as a Nobel laureate.
Referring to "The Magic Theatre for Madmen Only" in Steppenwolf (a kind of spiritual and somewhat nightmarish cabaret attended by some of the characters, including Harry Haller), the Magic Theatre was founded in 1967 to perform works by new playwrights.
Hesse was especially popular among young readers, a tendency which continues today. There is a quote from Demian on the cover of Santana's 1970 album Abraxas, revealing the source of the album's title. Hesse's Siddhartha is one of the most popular Western novels set in India.
From the United States, the Hesse renaissance spread to other parts of the world and even back to Germany: more than 800,000 copies were sold in the German-speaking world from 1972 to 1973.
From the United States, the Hesse renaissance spread to other parts of the world and even back to Germany: more than 800,000 copies were sold in the German-speaking world from 1972 to 1973.
An authorised translation of Siddhartha was published in the Malayalam language in 1990, the language that surrounded Hesse's grandfather, Hermann Gundert, for most of his life.
Nicholas-Bridge (Nikolausbrücke), which is why a Hesse monument was built there in 2002. Hermann Hesse's grandfather Hermann Gundert, a doctor of philosophy and fluent in multiple languages, encouraged the boy to read widely, giving him access to his library, which was filled with the works of world literature.
. Prinz, Alois, Die Lebensgeschichte des Hermann Hesse, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 2006.
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