Extensive intermarriage produced a population reasonably homogeneous in appearance, language and traditions. ==Contact with other cultures== In 1606 Pedro Fernandes de Queirós sighted Butaritari and Makin, which he named the Buen Viaje ('good trip' in Spanish) Islands. Captain John Byron passed through the islands in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of HMS Dolphin. In 1788 Captain Thomas Gilbert in and Captain John Marshall in .
Extensive intermarriage produced a population reasonably homogeneous in appearance, language and traditions. ==Contact with other cultures== In 1606 Pedro Fernandes de Queirós sighted Butaritari and Makin, which he named the Buen Viaje ('good trip' in Spanish) Islands. Captain John Byron passed through the islands in 1764 during his circumnavigation of the globe as captain of HMS Dolphin. In 1788 Captain Thomas Gilbert in and Captain John Marshall in .
Gilbert and Marshall crossed through Abemama, Kuria, Aranuka, Tarawa, Abaiang, Butaritari, and Makin without attempting to land on shore. == Further exploration == In 1820, the islands were named the îles Gilbert (in French, Gilbert Islands) by Adam Johann von Krusenstern, a Russian admiral of the Czar after the British Captain Thomas Gilbert, who crossed the archipelago in 1788.
The I-Kiribati or Gilbertese people settled what would become known as the Gilbert Islands (named for British captain Thomas Gilbert by von Krusenstern in 1820) some time in between 3000 BC and 1300 AD.
Gilbert and Marshall crossed through Abemama, Kuria, Aranuka, Tarawa, Abaiang, Butaritari, and Makin without attempting to land on shore. == Further exploration == In 1820, the islands were named the îles Gilbert (in French, Gilbert Islands) by Adam Johann von Krusenstern, a Russian admiral of the Czar after the British Captain Thomas Gilbert, who crossed the archipelago in 1788.
In 1824 French captain Louis Duperrey was the first to map the whole Gilbert Islands archipelago.
under the Guano Islands Act of 1856.
Davis of on 27 May 1892. ===British Western Pacific Territories=== The British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) were administered by a High Commissioner resident in Fiji until 1952, then in Honiara.
A Resident Commissioner, Charles Swayne, was appointed in 1893 following the protectorate on the Gilbert group and on the Ellice group becoming formal and effective in 1892.
A Resident Commissioner, Charles Swayne, was appointed in 1893 following the protectorate on the Gilbert group and on the Ellice group becoming formal and effective in 1892.
The protectorate's headquarters was established on Tarawa in 1896, where Resident Commissioner William Telfer Campbell presided from 1896 until 1908.
This move in headquarters arose from the operations of the Pacific Phosphate Company resulting in good shipping connections to Ocean Island, and in any case the role of the British colonial authorities emphasised the procurement of labour for the mining and shipping of phosphate and keeping order among the workers. Ocean Island (now Banaba) was included in the protectorate in 1900 and then in the colony in 1916.
The protectorate's headquarters was established on Tarawa in 1896, where Resident Commissioner William Telfer Campbell presided from 1896 until 1908.
One very famous colonial officer in the colony was Sir Arthur Grimble (1888–1956), at first as a cadet officer in 1914, under Edward Carlyon Eliot who was Resident Commissioner of the BWPT then the colony from 1913 to 1920.
One very famous colonial officer in the colony was Sir Arthur Grimble (1888–1956), at first as a cadet officer in 1914, under Edward Carlyon Eliot who was Resident Commissioner of the BWPT then the colony from 1913 to 1920.
But the new colony remained under the jurisdiction of BWTP until 1971. ===Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony=== The islands became a Crown Colony on 12 January 1916 by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council, 1915.
This move in headquarters arose from the operations of the Pacific Phosphate Company resulting in good shipping connections to Ocean Island, and in any case the role of the British colonial authorities emphasised the procurement of labour for the mining and shipping of phosphate and keeping order among the workers. Ocean Island (now Banaba) was included in the protectorate in 1900 and then in the colony in 1916.
In the same year, Fanning Island and Washington Island were included in it together with the islands of the Union Islands (now Tokelau). In 1916, the administration of the BWTP changed as the islands became a Crown Colony on 12 January 1916.
But the new colony remained under the jurisdiction of BWTP until 1971. ===Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony=== The islands became a Crown Colony on 12 January 1916 by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council, 1915.
Christmas Island was included in the colony in 1919 although it was contested by the U.S.
One very famous colonial officer in the colony was Sir Arthur Grimble (1888–1956), at first as a cadet officer in 1914, under Edward Carlyon Eliot who was Resident Commissioner of the BWPT then the colony from 1913 to 1920.
The Union Islands were unofficially transferred to New Zealand administration in 1926 and officially in 1948.
Arthur Grimble became the Resident Commissioner of the colony in 1926.
In 1930 Grimble, issued revised laws, Regulations for the good Order and Cleanliness of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, which replaced laws created during the BWPT. Ocean Island remained the headquarters of the colony until the British evacuation in 1942 because of the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands.
The Phoenix Islands were added in 1937 and the five islands of the Central and Southern Line Islands were added in 1972. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony continued to be administered by a Resident Commissioner.
Bles, London, 1938) and in Sir Arthur Grimble's "A Pattern of Islands" (Pub.
Because Banaba was devastated by phosphate mining, the vast majority of Banabans was deported to the island of Rabi in the Fiji Islands in the 1940s where they now number some 5,000 and enjoy full Fijian citizenship.
In 1930 Grimble, issued revised laws, Regulations for the good Order and Cleanliness of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands, which replaced laws created during the BWPT. Ocean Island remained the headquarters of the colony until the British evacuation in 1942 because of the Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands.
On 20 November 1943, Allied forces threw themselves against Japanese positions at Tarawa and Makin in the Gilberts, resulting in some of the bloodiest fighting of the Pacific campaign.
The Union Islands were unofficially transferred to New Zealand administration in 1926 and officially in 1948.
Davis of on 27 May 1892. ===British Western Pacific Territories=== The British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) were administered by a High Commissioner resident in Fiji until 1952, then in Honiara.
John Murray, London, 1952).
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
But the new colony remained under the jurisdiction of BWTP until 1971. ===Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony=== The islands became a Crown Colony on 12 January 1916 by the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Order in Council, 1915.
The Phoenix Islands were added in 1937 and the five islands of the Central and Southern Line Islands were added in 1972. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony continued to be administered by a Resident Commissioner.
The Tuvaluan Order 1975 made by the Privy Council, which took effect on 1 October 1975, recognised Tuvalu as a separate British dependency with its own government.
The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. ===Independence for Kiribati=== The Gilberts obtained internal self-government in 1977 and held general elections in February 1978 which saw Ieremia Tabai elected Chief Minister at only age 27.
The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. ===Independence for Kiribati=== The Gilberts obtained internal self-government in 1977 and held general elections in February 1978 which saw Ieremia Tabai elected Chief Minister at only age 27.
The second stage occurred on 1 January 1976 when separate administrations were created out of the civil service of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. ===Independence for Kiribati=== The Gilberts obtained internal self-government in 1977 and held general elections in February 1978 which saw Ieremia Tabai elected Chief Minister at only age 27.
The country gained its independence in 1979 and has since been known as Kiribati. ==Pre-history== For several millennia, the islands were inhabited by Austronesian peoples who had arrived from the Solomon Islands or Vanuatu.
Kiribati attained independence on 12 July 1979 by the Kiribati Independence Order 1979 made by the Privy Council. Although the indigenous Gilbertese language name for the Gilbert Islands proper is Tungaru, the new state chose the name "Kiribati," the Gilbertese rendition of "Gilberts," as an equivalent of the former colony to acknowledge the inclusion of islands which were never considered part of the Gilberts chain.
The United States gave up its claims to 14 islands of the Line and Phoenix chains (previously asserted under the Guano Islands Act) in the 1979 Treaty of Tarawa. ==Independence== Following independence, the Kiribati [of state] was Ieremia Tabai.
At 29-years-old, Tabai served three terms as beretitenti (president), from 1979 to 1991.
He was the fifth president since the country became independent in 1979.
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
At 29-years-old, Tabai served three terms as beretitenti (president), from 1979 to 1991.
Tabai was the youngest head of state in the Commonwealth of Nations. In 1994, Teburoro Tito was elected beretitenti.
State Department Background Note: Kiribati The Kiribati international date line adjustment of 1994/95
He was reelected in 1998 and 2002 but was ousted in a no-confidence vote in March 2003, and having served the maximum three terms, he is barred by the constitution from running for another term.
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
In 2006, Teitirake Corrie, the Rabi Island Council's representative to the Parliament of Kiribati, called for Banaba to secede from Kiribati and join Fiji. ==See also== History of Oceania Gilbert Islands Kiribati Politics of Kiribati President of Kiribati ==Further reading== Cinderellas of the Empire, Barrie Macdonald, IPS, University of the South Pacific, 2001 Les Insulaires du Pacifique, Ian C.
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
He was reelected in 1998 and 2002 but was ousted in a no-confidence vote in March 2003, and having served the maximum three terms, he is barred by the constitution from running for another term.
He was reelected in 1998 and 2002 but was ousted in a no-confidence vote in March 2003, and having served the maximum three terms, he is barred by the constitution from running for another term.
In 2003, a new presidential election was held, in which two brothers, Anote and Harry Tong, were the two main candidates (a third candidate, Banuera Berina, won just 9.1% of the vote. Anote Tong, a London School of Economics graduate, won on 4 July 2003, and was sworn in as president soon afterward.
In 2006, Teitirake Corrie, the Rabi Island Council's representative to the Parliament of Kiribati, called for Banaba to secede from Kiribati and join Fiji. ==See also== History of Oceania Gilbert Islands Kiribati Politics of Kiribati President of Kiribati ==Further reading== Cinderellas of the Empire, Barrie Macdonald, IPS, University of the South Pacific, 2001 Les Insulaires du Pacifique, Ian C.
He was re-elected in 2007 and in 2012 for a third term.
He was re-elected in 2007 and in 2012 for a third term.
In March 2016, Taneti Maamau was elected as the new President of Kiribati.
In June 2020, President Maamau won re-election for second four-year term.
Campbell & Jean-Paul Latouche, PUF, Paris, 2001 Kiribati: aspects of history, Sister Alaima Talu et al., IPS, USP, 1979, reprinted 1998 A Pattern of Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1952 Return to the Islands, Sir Arthur Grimble, John Murray & Co, London, 1957 A History of Kiribati: from the Earliest Times to the 40th Anniversary of the Republic, Michael Ravell Walsh, 2020 (Independently published). ==References== ==External links== U.S.
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