Prithvi Narayan Shah succeeded his father Nara Bhupal Shah to the throne of Gorkha in 1743 CE.
King Prithvi Narayan Shah's victory march began with the conquest of Nuwakot, which lies between Kathmandu and Gorkha, in 1744.
The occupation of the Kuti Pass in about 1756 stopped the valley's trade with Tibet.
After the victory in Kirtipur, King Jaya Prakash Malla of Kathmandu sought help from the British and the then East India Company sent a contingent of soldiers under Captain Kinloch in 1767.
The most spoken language is Nepali followed by several other ethnic languages. The Kingdom of Nepal was established in 1768 and started a campaign of unifying all of Nepal that would form modern territories of Nepal.
On 25 September 1768, as the people of Kathmandu were celebrating the festival of Indra Jatra, the Gorkhali army marched into the city.
When Patan was captured a few weeks later, both Jaya Prakash Malla and Tej Narsingh Malla, the king of Patan took refuge in Bhaktapur, which was captured on the night of 25 November 1769.
Between 1788 and 1791, during the Sino-Nepalese War, Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse.
Between 1788 and 1791, during the Sino-Nepalese War, Nepal invaded Tibet and robbed Tashilhunpo Monastery in Shigatse.
Some former territories had been lost due to the kingdom having participated in the Sino-Nepalese War which ended in both victory and loses, ultimately accepting as a tribute state of Qing dynasty of China from 1792 to 1865.
Alarmed, the Qianlong Emperor of the Chinese Qing Dynasty appointed Fuk'anggan commander-in-chief of the Tibetan campaign; Fuk'anggan signed a treaty to protect his troops thus attaining a draw. ===Thapa and Pande dominance=== After 1800, the heirs of Prithvi Narayan Shah proved unable to maintain firm political control over Nepal.
The Treaty of Sugauli was signed in 1816, ceding large parts of the Nepalese controlled territories to the British.
In December 1923, Britain and Nepal formally signed a "treaty of perpetual peace and friendship" superseding the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 and upgrading the British resident in Kathmandu to an envoy. Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924 under premiership of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Kingdom of Nepal declared war on Germany on September 4, 1939.
Jung Bahadur codified laws and modernized the state's bureaucracy.In the coup d'état of 1846, the nephews of Jung Bahadur and Ranodip Singh murdered Ranodip Singh and the sons of Jung Bahadur, adopted the name of Jung Bahadur and took control of Nepal.
The Ranas were staunchly pro-British and assisted the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and later in both World Wars.
In 1860 some parts of western Terai, known as Naya Muluk (new country) was restored to Nepal. The four noble families involved largely in the active politics of the kingdom were the Shah rulers, the Thapas, the Basnyats, and the Pandes before the rise of the Rana dynasty.
Some former territories had been lost due to the kingdom having participated in the Sino-Nepalese War which ended in both victory and loses, ultimately accepting as a tribute state of Qing dynasty of China from 1792 to 1865.
In December 1923, Britain and Nepal formally signed a "treaty of perpetual peace and friendship" superseding the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 and upgrading the British resident in Kathmandu to an envoy. Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924 under premiership of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Kingdom of Nepal declared war on Germany on September 4, 1939.
"Nepalese History in a European Experience: A Case Study in Transcultural Historiography." History and Theory 55.2 (2016): 210–232. Garzilli, Enrica, "A Sanskrit Letter Written by Sylvain Lévi in 1923 to Hemarāja Śarmā Along With Some Hitherto Unknown Biographical Notes (Cultural Nationalism and Internationalism in the First Half of the 21st Cent.: Famous Indologists Write to the Raj Guru of Nepal – no.
In December 1923, Britain and Nepal formally signed a "treaty of perpetual peace and friendship" superseding the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 and upgrading the British resident in Kathmandu to an envoy. Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924 under premiership of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Kingdom of Nepal declared war on Germany on September 4, 1939.
It was the worst natural disaster to strike the country since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.
In December 1923, Britain and Nepal formally signed a "treaty of perpetual peace and friendship" superseding the Sugauli Treaty of 1816 and upgrading the British resident in Kathmandu to an envoy. Slavery was abolished in Nepal in 1924 under premiership of Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana. Following the German invasion of Poland, the Kingdom of Nepal declared war on Germany on September 4, 1939.
This turmoil culminated in King Tribhuvan, a direct descendant of Prithvi Narayan Shah, fleeing from his "palace prison" in 1950, to India, touching off an armed revolt against the Rana administration.
During the 1950s, efforts were made to frame a constitution for Nepal that would establish a representative form of government, based on a British model.
So, on 16 November 1951, the king formed a new government of 14 ministers under Matrika Prasad Koirala, which was later dissolved. ===Royal coup by King Mahendra=== The first democratic elections were held in 1959, and B.
So, on 16 November 1951, the king formed a new government of 14 ministers under Matrika Prasad Koirala, which was later dissolved. ===Royal coup by King Mahendra=== The first democratic elections were held in 1959, and B.
But declaring parliamentary democracy a failure, King Mahendra carried out a royal coup 18 months later, in 1960.
He dismissed the elected Koirala government, declared that a "partyless" system would govern Nepal, and promulgated a new constitution on December 16, 1960.
The Back to Village Campaign (गाउँ फर्क अभियान) launched in 1967, was one of the main rural development programs of the Panchayat system. King Mahendra was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King Birendra, in 1972.
The Back to Village Campaign (गाउँ फर्क अभियान) launched in 1967, was one of the main rural development programs of the Panchayat system. King Mahendra was succeeded by his 27-year-old son, King Birendra, in 1972.
Amid student demonstrations and anti-regime activities in 1979, King Birendra called for a national referendum to decide on the nature of Nepal's government; either the continuation of the Panchayat system along with democratic reforms or the establishment of a multiparty system.
The referendum was held in May 1980, and the Panchayat system gained a narrow victory.
The king carried out the promised reforms, including selection of the prime minister by the Rastriya Panchayat. ===Multiparty democracy=== People in rural areas had expected that their interests would be better represented after the adoption of parliamentary democracy in 1990.
In May 1991, Nepal held its first parliamentary elections in nearly 50 years.
The Nepali Congress won 110 of the 205 seats and formed the first elected government in 32 years. ===Civil strikes=== In 1992, in a situation of economic crisis and chaos, with spiraling prices as a result of the implementation of changes in policy of the new Congress government, the radical left stepped up their political agitation.
. Stiller, Ludwig (1993): Nepal: growth of a nation, HRDRC, Kathmandu, 1993, 215pp. ==External links== Nepal: An Historical Study of a Hindu Kingdom History of Nepal Unification of Nepal
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
As a result, many witnesses to this repression became radicalized. ===Nepalese Civil War=== In March 1997, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) started a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a new people's democratic republic, through a Maoist revolutionary strategy known as the people's war, which led to the Nepalese Civil War.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
By means of the notices contained in the classics of the East and West, the Kiranti people were living in their present whereabouts for the last 2000 to 2500 years, with an extensive dominion, possibly reaching at one time to the delta of the Ganges. === Licchavi dynasty === The kings of the Lichhavi dynasty (originally from Vaishali in modern-day India) ruled what is the Kathmandu valley in modern-day Nepal after the Kirats.
The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) established a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations. On June 1, 2001, Prince Dipendra, went on a shooting-spree, assassinating 9 members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, before shooting himself.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
Meanwhile, the rebellion escalated, and in October 2002 the king temporarily deposed the government and took complete control of it.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
A week later he reappointed another government, but the country was still very unstable. In the face of unstable governments and a siege on the Kathmandu Valley in August 2004, popular support for the monarchy began to wane.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
On February 1, 2005, King Gyanendra dismissed the entire government and assumed full executive powers, declaring a state of emergency to quash the revolution.
Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.
In a historical vote for the election of the constituent assembly, the Nepalese parliament voted to abolish the monarchy in June 2006.
Municipal elections in February 2006 were described by the European Union as "a backward step for democracy", as the major parties boycotted the election and some candidates were forced to run for office by the army.
In April 2006 strikes and street protests in Kathmandu forced the king to reinstate the parliament.
On December 24, 2007, seven parties, including the former Maoist rebels and the ruling party, agreed to abolish the monarchy and declare Nepal a federal republic.
Nepal became a federal republic on 28 May 2008 and was formally renamed the 'Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal' ending the 200-year-old reign of the Shah monarchs. ==Toponymy== In a Licchavi-era inscription found in Tistung, the local people have been addressed as the 'Nepals'.
In the elections held on 10 April 2008, the Maoists secured a simple majority, with the prospect of forming a government to rule the proposed 'Republic of Nepal'. ==Federal Democratic Republic== On May 28, 2008, the newly-elected Constituent Assembly declared Nepal a Federal Democratic Republic, abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy.
On June 11, 2008, the deposed King Gyanendra left the palace.
Ram Baran Yadav of the Nepali Congress became the first President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal on July 23, 2008.
Similarly, the Constituent Assembly elected Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as the first Prime Minister of the republic on August 15, 2008, favoring him over Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress. After failing to draft a constitution before the deadline, the existing Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the government on 28 May 2012 and a new interim government was formed under the premiership of the Chief Justice of Nepal, Khil Raj Regmi.
2008), pp. 1–7; Garzilli, Enrica, "Le elezioni dell'Assemblea Costituente e i primi mesi di governo della Repubblica Democratica Federale del Nepal", in Asia Maior 2010, pp. 115–126. Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal, la difficile costruzione della nazione: un paese senza Costituzione e un parlamento senza primo ministro", in Asia Maior 2011, pp. 161–171. Garzilli, Enrica, "The Interplay between Gender, Religion and Politics, and the New Violence against Women in Nepal", in J.
2008), pp. 1–7; Garzilli, Enrica, "Le elezioni dell'Assemblea Costituente e i primi mesi di governo della Repubblica Democratica Federale del Nepal", in Asia Maior 2010, pp. 115–126. Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal, la difficile costruzione della nazione: un paese senza Costituzione e un parlamento senza primo ministro", in Asia Maior 2011, pp. 161–171. Garzilli, Enrica, "The Interplay between Gender, Religion and Politics, and the New Violence against Women in Nepal", in J.
Similarly, the Constituent Assembly elected Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as the first Prime Minister of the republic on August 15, 2008, favoring him over Sher Bahadur Deuba of the Nepali Congress. After failing to draft a constitution before the deadline, the existing Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the government on 28 May 2012 and a new interim government was formed under the premiership of the Chief Justice of Nepal, Khil Raj Regmi.
In the Constituent Assembly election of November 2013, the Nepali Congress won the largest share of the votes but failed to get a majority.
Parpola, Motilal Banarsidass and University of Helsinki, Delhi 2015, pp. 17–53. Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal 2013-2014: Breaking the Political Impasse", in Asia Maior 2014, pp. 87–98. Tiwari, Sudarshan Raj (2002).
Parpola, Motilal Banarsidass and University of Helsinki, Delhi 2015, pp. 17–53. Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal 2013-2014: Breaking the Political Impasse", in Asia Maior 2014, pp. 87–98. Tiwari, Sudarshan Raj (2002).
The Constitution of Nepal was finally adopted on 20 September 2015. On 25 April 2015, a devastating earthquake of moment magnitude of 7.8Mw killed nearly 9,000 people and injured nearly 22,000.
A major aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:50 NST with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3, killing more than 200 people and over 2,500 were injured by this aftershock, and many were left homeless.
These events led to a major humanitarian crisis which affected the reconstruction after the earthquake. ===Protests over the Constitution=== Minority ethnic groups like Madhesi and Tharu protested vigorously against the constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015.
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==See also== History of Asia History of the Indian subcontinent History of Kathmandu History of Sikkim Sino-Nepalese War Anglo-Nepalese War Sugauli Treaty Monarchy of Nepal Politics of Nepal Prime Minister of Nepal Human rights in Nepal Daudaha system ==References== ==Sources== Michaels, Axel, et al.
Parpola, Motilal Banarsidass and University of Helsinki, Delhi 2015, pp. 17–53. Garzilli, Enrica, "Nepal 2013-2014: Breaking the Political Impasse", in Asia Maior 2014, pp. 87–98. Tiwari, Sudarshan Raj (2002).
He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016. ==See also== History of Asia History of the Indian subcontinent History of Kathmandu History of Sikkim Sino-Nepalese War Anglo-Nepalese War Sugauli Treaty Monarchy of Nepal Politics of Nepal Prime Minister of Nepal Human rights in Nepal Daudaha system ==References== ==Sources== Michaels, Axel, et al.
The then United Nations Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, alleged that the denial of petroleum and medicine to Nepal constituted a violation of human rights, adding to the humanitarian crisis. === Since 2017 to present === In June 2017, Nepali Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba was elected the 40th Prime Minister of Nepal, succeding Prime Minister and Chairman of CPN (Maoist Centre) Pushpa Kamal Dahal.
In November 2017, Nepal had first general election since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished.
The alliance of communists won the election, and UML leader Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli was sworn in February 2018 as the new Prime Minister.
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