Due to the general stagnation, few other constructions were realised — in average ten smaller residential buildings per year — additions which the ambitious city plans of the 17th century could easily handle. During the later half of the 18th century real income dwindled to reach an all-time low in 1810 when it corresponded to roughly half that of the 1730s; public officials being those worst affected.
"Real wage trends in urban Europe, 1730–1850: Stockholm in a comparative perspective." Social History 12.2 (1987): 155-176. Waldenström, Daniel.
"The Swedish East India trade and international markets: Re-exports of teas, 1731–1813." Scandinavian Economic History Review 51.3 (2003): 28-44. Murdie, Robert A., and Lars-Erik Borgegard.
Notwithstanding Sweden's partial recover of spirit with the union with Norway in 1814, during the period 1750–1850, Stockholm was a stagnating city, with a dwindling population and widespread unemployment, marked by ill-health, poverty, alcoholism, and rampant mortality.
He created the Gustav Adolf square and had the Royal Opera inaugurated there in 1782 — in accordance to the original intentions of Tessin the Younger for a monumental square north of the palace.
New industries emerged, and Stockholm transformed into an important trade and service centre, as well as a key gateway point within Sweden. While steam engines were introduced in Stockholm in 1806 with the Eldkvarn mill, it took until the mid-19th century for industrialization to take off.
Black death and the sufferings caused by the Great Northern Wars made Stockholm the capital of a shrinking nation, despair which would deepen even further when Sweden lost Finland in 1809.
It was a very ambitious project that caused the centre of the city to gradually move out of the medieval city. The colourful and often burlesque descriptions of Stockholm by troubadour and composer Carl Michael Bellman are still popular. The period ended as King Gustav IV Adolf was deposed in 1809 in a coup d'état.
Due to the general stagnation, few other constructions were realised — in average ten smaller residential buildings per year — additions which the ambitious city plans of the 17th century could easily handle. During the later half of the 18th century real income dwindled to reach an all-time low in 1810 when it corresponded to roughly half that of the 1730s; public officials being those worst affected.
Notwithstanding Sweden's partial recover of spirit with the union with Norway in 1814, during the period 1750–1850, Stockholm was a stagnating city, with a dwindling population and widespread unemployment, marked by ill-health, poverty, alcoholism, and rampant mortality.
pp 1820+ online. Wickman, Mats.
Two factories, Ludvigsberg and Bolinder, constructed in the 1840s were followed by many others, and the economic development that succeeded resulted in some 800 new buildings being constructed 1850–70 — many of which were located in the Klara district and subsequently demolished in the Redevelopment of Norrmalm 1950–70. During the 1850s and 1860s, gas works, sewage, and running water was introduced.
Wars and alcohol abuse resulted in a surplus of women during the period, with widows outnumbering widowers six to one in 1850.
Two factories, Ludvigsberg and Bolinder, constructed in the 1840s were followed by many others, and the economic development that succeeded resulted in some 800 new buildings being constructed 1850–70 — many of which were located in the Klara district and subsequently demolished in the Redevelopment of Norrmalm 1950–70. During the 1850s and 1860s, gas works, sewage, and running water was introduced.
Two factories, Ludvigsberg and Bolinder, constructed in the 1840s were followed by many others, and the economic development that succeeded resulted in some 800 new buildings being constructed 1850–70 — many of which were located in the Klara district and subsequently demolished in the Redevelopment of Norrmalm 1950–70. During the 1850s and 1860s, gas works, sewage, and running water was introduced.
But the booming urban development was also notable in central Stockholm where several prominent Neo-Renaissance buildings were built, including the Academy of Music and Södra Teatern. In 1866, a commission led by Albert Lindhagen produced a city plan for the ridges (malmarna) designed to offer citizens light, fresh air and access to Swedish nature by mean of parks and plantations.
"Immigration, spatial segregation and housing segmentation of immigrants in metropolitan Stockholm, 1960-95." Urban studies 35.10 (1998): 1869-1888. Porfyriou, Heleni.
"Education, Morality, and the Politics of Class in Hamburg and Stockholm, 1870-1914." Journal of Contemporary History 31.4 (1996): 619-650. Jarrick, Arne.
As the railway was extended further north, Stockholm Central Station was inaugurated in 1871.
The first horse-pulled trams were introduced in 1877.
During the 1880s more than 2.000 buildings were added on the ridges and the population grew from 168.000 to 245.000.
A trend initiated by the Bünsow House at Strandvägen, the 1880s saw many monumental brick buildings evolve, including Gamla Riksarkivet and the Norstedt Building on Riddarholmen.
During the 1890s, the Neo-Renaissance plaster architecture was replaced by structures in brick and natural stone, largely inspired by French Renaissance architecture.
The General Art and Industrial Exposition, an international exhibition of World's Fair status, was held on the island of Djurgården in 1897. == 20th century == In the late 20th century, Stockholm became a modern, technologically advanced and ethnically diverse city.
"Artistic urban design and cultural myths: The garden city idea in Nordic countries, 1900–1925." Planning Perspective 7.3 (1992): 263-302. Riden, Philip.
Throughout the 1910s, trams were electrified and cars were rolling on the streets of Stockholm. During this period, Stockholm further developed as a cultural and educational centre.
"The Stockholm conference of 1917." International Review of Social History 5.1 (1960): 1-25; international peace conference for socialists. Müller, Leos.
Meanwhile, the inner city (Norrmalm) went through a criticised as well as an admired wave of modernisation in the post-war period, the Redevelopment of Norrmalm, securing the city's geographical center as the political and business center for the future. In 1923 the Stockholm municipal government moved to a new building, the Stockholm City Hall.
The Stockholm International Exhibition was held in 1930.
"Constructing the Cyclist Ideology and Representations in Urban Traffic Planning in Stockholm, 1930–70." Journal of Transport History 33.1 (2012): 67-91.
Two factories, Ludvigsberg and Bolinder, constructed in the 1840s were followed by many others, and the economic development that succeeded resulted in some 800 new buildings being constructed 1850–70 — many of which were located in the Klara district and subsequently demolished in the Redevelopment of Norrmalm 1950–70. During the 1850s and 1860s, gas works, sewage, and running water was introduced.
"Immigration, spatial segregation and housing segmentation of immigrants in metropolitan Stockholm, 1960-95." Urban studies 35.10 (1998): 1869-1888. Porfyriou, Heleni.
In 1967 the city of Stockholm was integrated into Stockholm County. == See also == Timeline of Stockholm history Gamla stan History of Sweden History of Uppland == Notes == == References == (Göran Dahlbäck pp 17–72, Robert Sandberg pp 75–184, Eva Eggeby and Klas Nyberg pp 187–276.) ==Further reading== Åberg, Veijo.
The most established explanation for the name are logs driven into the strait passing north of today's old town which dendrochronological examinations in the late 1970s dated to around 1000.
Governing Greater Stockholm: A study of policy development and system change (Univ of California Press, 1975). De Geer, Sten.
The Stockholm city hall (Sellin & Partner Publishing Company, 1993). William-Olsson, William.
Back to Modern Reason: Johan Hjerpe and other petit bourgeois in Stockholm in the Age of Enlightenment (Oxford University Press, 1999). Kolbe, Laura.
"“Merchants” and “Gentlemen” in Eighteenth-Century Sweden." in The Self-Perception of Early Modern Capitalists (Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2008) pp.
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