This name is no longer used except by historians. The most significant impact had the visits of Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, followed by the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry in 1822.
This name is no longer used except by historians. The most significant impact had the visits of Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, followed by the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry in 1822.
Captain Cook witness an Inasi ceremony in 1777, in which he noticed a lot of foreigners in Tonga, especially the darker people that resembles African descend from Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu.
This name is no longer used except by historians. The most significant impact had the visits of Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, followed by the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry in 1822.
This name is no longer used except by historians. The most significant impact had the visits of Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, followed by the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry in 1822.
This name is no longer used except by historians. The most significant impact had the visits of Captain Cook in 1773, 1774, and 1777, followed by the first London missionaries in 1797, and the Wesleyan Methodist Walter Lawry in 1822.
Finally, the islands were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845 by the ambitious young warrior, strategist, and orator Tāufaʻāhau.
He held the chiefly title of Tu'i Kanokupolu, but was baptised with the name King George Tupou I. In 1875, with the help of missionary Shirley Baker, he declared Tonga a constitutional monarchy, at which time he emancipated the serfs, enshrined a code of law, land tenure, and freedom of the press, and limited the power of the chiefs.
The islands were not fully surveyed until 1898, when the British warships and completed the task. == 20th century == === Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70) === Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on May 18, 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king.
The islands were not fully surveyed until 1898, when the British warships and completed the task. == 20th century == === Kingdom of Tonga (1900–70) === Tonga became a British protected state under a Treaty of Friendship on May 18, 1900, when European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs tried to oust the second king.
The Treaty of Friendship and protected state status ended in 1970 under arrangements established prior to her death by the third monarch, Queen Sālote. On 18 May 1900, to discourage German advances, the Kingdom of Tonga became a Protected State with the United Kingdom under a Treaty of Friendship signed by George Tupou II after European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs attempted to overthrow him. Foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Tonga were conducted through the British Consul.
Queen Salote of Tonga: The Story of an Era 1900–1965 (1999) Woodcock, George.
"Tonga: The Last of the Victorians." History Today (1975) 25#1 pp 31–39. ==External links== Tonga Visitors Bureau, Ministry of Tourism, Kingdom of Tonga Photo of Haʻamonga Trilithon The Friendly Islands: 1616 to 1900
The United Kingdom had veto power over foreign policies and finances of the Kingdom of Tonga. Tonga was affected by the 1918 flu pandemic, with 1,800 Tongans killed, around eight percent of the residents. For most of the 20th century Tonga was quiet, inward-looking, and somewhat isolated from developments elsewhere in the world.
Some of the oldest sites pertaining to the first occupants of the Tongan Islands are found on Tongatapu which is also where the first Lapita ceramics were found by WC McKern in 1921.
The previous king, George Tupou V, born in 1946, continued to have ultimate control of the government until July 2008.
Status and rank play a powerful role in personal relationships, even within families. === Independence (1970) === On 4 June 1970, protected state status ended under arrangements established prior to her death in 1965 by the third monarch, Queen Sālote. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970, and the United Nations in 1999.
The Treaty of Friendship and protected state status ended in 1970 under arrangements established prior to her death by the third monarch, Queen Sālote. On 18 May 1900, to discourage German advances, the Kingdom of Tonga became a Protected State with the United Kingdom under a Treaty of Friendship signed by George Tupou II after European settlers and rival Tongan chiefs attempted to overthrow him. Foreign affairs of the Kingdom of Tonga were conducted through the British Consul.
Status and rank play a powerful role in personal relationships, even within families. === Independence (1970) === On 4 June 1970, protected state status ended under arrangements established prior to her death in 1965 by the third monarch, Queen Sālote. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970, and the United Nations in 1999.
Tradition Versus Democracy in the South Pacific: Fiji, Tonga and Western Samoa (Cambridge University Press, 1996). van der Grijp, Paul.
Status and rank play a powerful role in personal relationships, even within families. === Independence (1970) === On 4 June 1970, protected state status ended under arrangements established prior to her death in 1965 by the third monarch, Queen Sālote. Tonga joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970, and the United Nations in 1999.
Because of these factors, there is considerable pressure to move to the Kingdom's only urban center. ==21st century== === 2002 election=== In the March 2002 election, supporters of the Human Rights and Democracy Movement (HRDM) won seven of the nine popularly-elected seats for people's representatives, with the remaining two representing "traditionalist" values.
A Media Operators Bill and constitutional amendment, intended to restrict media freedom in Tonga, was hotly debated in 2003.
In October 2003, thousands of Tongans marched peacefully through the streets of the capital city Nukualofa in an unprecedented demonstration against the government's plans to limit media freedom.
Despite the protests, the Media Operators Bill and constitutional amendment passed the Legislature and as of December 2003 needed only the King's signature to become law. By February 2004, the amendment was passed and licensure of news media was required.
Despite the protests, the Media Operators Bill and constitutional amendment passed the Legislature and as of December 2003 needed only the King's signature to become law. By February 2004, the amendment was passed and licensure of news media was required.
The latter was supported by some 160 people, including 7 of the 9 elected "People's Representatives". === 2005 election === At the 2005 Tongan general election, the Human Rights and Democracy Movement won seven of the nine popularly-elected seats (the rest of the 30 MPs are appointed by the King or are members of the Tongan aristocracy).
The position passed to Feleti Sevele, Minister of Labour and one of the two independent candidates elected, as well as the first non-noble Prime Minister of the country. In 2005 the government spent several weeks negotiating with striking civil service workers before reaching a settlement.
A constitutional commission met in 2005–2006 to study proposals to update the constitution.
The British High Commission in Tonga closed in March 2006. Tonga's current king, Tupou VI, traces his line directly back through six generations of monarchs.
'Aho'eitu 'Unuaki'otonga Tuku'aho, son of the King, initially retained his position as Prime Minister, but he resigned in 2006, after the Tongan Speaker of the House was found guilty of bribery.
A copy of the commission's report was presented to King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, shortly before his death in September 2006. === 2006 riots=== Tonga did not rate as an "electoral democracy" under the criteria of Freedom House's Freedom in the World 2006 report.
On November 16, 2006, rioting broke out in the capital city of Nukualofa when it seemed that the parliament would adjourn for the year without having made any advances in increasing democracy in government.
A state of emergency was declared on November 17, with emergency laws giving security forces the right to stop and search people without a warrant. On 18 January 2007 Pōhiva was arrested and charged with sedition over his role in the 2006 Nuku'alofa riots. === 2008 election === The April 2008 elections saw a 48% turnout to elect the nobles' representatives and the 9 people's representatives.
A state of emergency was declared on November 17, with emergency laws giving security forces the right to stop and search people without a warrant. On 18 January 2007 Pōhiva was arrested and charged with sedition over his role in the 2006 Nuku'alofa riots. === 2008 election === The April 2008 elections saw a 48% turnout to elect the nobles' representatives and the 9 people's representatives.
The previous king, George Tupou V, born in 1946, continued to have ultimate control of the government until July 2008.
The government agreed that elections would be held in 2008 in which a majority of the parliament would be elected by popular vote.
A state of emergency was declared on November 17, with emergency laws giving security forces the right to stop and search people without a warrant. On 18 January 2007 Pōhiva was arrested and charged with sedition over his role in the 2006 Nuku'alofa riots. === 2008 election === The April 2008 elections saw a 48% turnout to elect the nobles' representatives and the 9 people's representatives.
and were preceded by a programme of constitutional reform. === Democratisation and 2010 elections === In April 2010 the Legislative Assembly enacted a package of political reforms towards a fully representative democracy, increasing the number of directly elected people's representatives from 9 to 17, with ten seats for Tongatapu, three for Vavaʻu, two for Haʻapai and one each for Niuas and ʻEua.
These proposals were not taken forward by the conservative majority. At the death of King George Tupou V on 18 March 2012, his son ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho became King of Tonga, with the regnal name ʻAhoʻeitu Tupou VI. New elections in 2014 saw the DPFI lose three seats to independent candidates.
These proposals were not taken forward by the conservative majority. At the death of King George Tupou V on 18 March 2012, his son ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho became King of Tonga, with the regnal name ʻAhoʻeitu Tupou VI. New elections in 2014 saw the DPFI lose three seats to independent candidates.
Its leader Pohiva was nevertheless appointed as new Prime Minister of Tonga. On August 25, 2017 Pohiva was dismissed by the King along with the rest of parliament with fresh elections to be held on November 16.
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