The angle of attack on the hydrofoils must be adjusted continuously to changing conditions, a control process performed by sensors, a computer, and active surfaces. == History == === Prototypes === The first evidence of a hydrofoil on a vessel appears on a British patent granted in 1869 to Emmanuel Denis Farcot, a Parisian.
Italian inventor Enrico Forlanini began work on hydrofoils in 1898 and used a "ladder" foil system.
Forlanini obtained patents in Britain and the United States for his ideas and designs. Between 1899 and 1901, British boat designer John Thornycroft worked on a series of models with a stepped hull and single bow foil.
Forlanini obtained patents in Britain and the United States for his ideas and designs. Between 1899 and 1901, British boat designer John Thornycroft worked on a series of models with a stepped hull and single bow foil.
The subsequent Miranda IV was credited with a speed of . In May 1904 a hydrofoil boat was described being tested on the River Seine "in the neighbourhood of Paris".
It was stated that "The boat running practically on its fins resembles an aeroplane". A March 1906 Scientific American article by American hydrofoil pioneer William E.
KG Hoppe, inventor of HYSUCAT technology patented by University of Stellenbosch, S.A. Hydrofoil Assisted Water Craft employing HYSUCAT and HYSUWAC patents in their projects and vessels currently in operation Hysucat Design, South African originators of Hydrofoil Supported Catamaran technology Swiss experimental hydrofoils HyRaii - Hydrofoil Sailboat, Student Project ETH Zurich * Nautical terminology English inventions Vehicles introduced in 1906
With his chief engineer Casey Baldwin, Bell began hydrofoil experiments in the summer of 1908.
In 1909 his company built the full scale long boat, Miranda III.
During Bell's world tour of 1910–1911, Bell and Baldwin met with Forlanini in Italy, where they rode in his hydrofoil boat over Lake Maggiore.
On 9 September 1919 the HD-4 set a world marine speed record of , which stood for two decades.
However, in tests, White Hawk could barely top the record breaking speed of the 1919 HD-4.
Commercial use of hydrofoils in the US first appeared in 1961 when two commuter vessels were commissioned by Harry Gale Nye, Jr.'s North American Hydrofoils to service the route from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey to the financial district of Lower Manhattan. ==Military usage== A 17-ton German craft VS-6 Hydrofoil was designed and constructed in 1940, completed in 1941 for use as a mine layer, it was tested in the Baltic Sea, producing speeds of 47 knots.
Commercial use of hydrofoils in the US first appeared in 1961 when two commuter vessels were commissioned by Harry Gale Nye, Jr.'s North American Hydrofoils to service the route from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey to the financial district of Lower Manhattan. ==Military usage== A 17-ton German craft VS-6 Hydrofoil was designed and constructed in 1940, completed in 1941 for use as a mine layer, it was tested in the Baltic Sea, producing speeds of 47 knots.
A full-scale replica of the HD-4 is viewable at the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site museum in Baddeck, Nova Scotia. In the early 1950s an English couple built the White Hawk, a jet-powered hydrofoil water craft, in an attempt to beat the absolute water speed record.
One of the most successful Soviet designer/inventor in this area was Rostislav Alexeyev, who some consider the 'father' of the modern hydrofoil due to his 1950s era high speed hydrofoil designs.
In 1952, Supramar launched the first commercial hydrofoil, PT10 "Freccia d'Oro" (Golden Arrow), in Lake Maggiore, between Switzerland and Italy.
Hitachi Shipbuilding of Osaka, Japan, was another licensee of Supramar, as well as many leading ship owners and shipyards in the OECD countries. From 1952 to 1971, Supramar designed many models of hydrofoils: PT20, PT50, PT75, PT100 and PT150.
The Canadian Armed Forces built and tested a number of hydrofoils (e.g., Baddeck and two vessels named Bras d'Or), which culminated in the high-speed anti-submarine hydrofoil HMCS Bras d'Or in the late 1960s.
They were ultimately replaced with high-speed catamarans that could also carry vehicles and have better seaworthiness; however, the latter ceased operations as the operator filed for bankruptcy in May 2018. == Disadvantages == Hydrofoils had their peak in popularity in the 1960s and '70s.
Later, circa 1970s, Alexeyev combined his hydrofoil experience with the surface effect principle to create the Ekranoplan. In 1961, SRI International issued a study on "The Economic Feasibility of Passenger Hydrofoil Craft in US Domestic and Foreign Commerce".
Commercial use of hydrofoils in the US first appeared in 1961 when two commuter vessels were commissioned by Harry Gale Nye, Jr.'s North American Hydrofoils to service the route from Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey to the financial district of Lower Manhattan. ==Military usage== A 17-ton German craft VS-6 Hydrofoil was designed and constructed in 1940, completed in 1941 for use as a mine layer, it was tested in the Baltic Sea, producing speeds of 47 knots.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
In 1968, the Bahraini born banker Hussain Najadi acquired the Supramar AG and expanded its operations into Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, the UK, Norway and the US.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
Later, circa 1970s, Alexeyev combined his hydrofoil experience with the surface effect principle to create the Ekranoplan. In 1961, SRI International issued a study on "The Economic Feasibility of Passenger Hydrofoil Craft in US Domestic and Foreign Commerce".
However, the program was cancelled in the early 1970s due to a shift away from anti-submarine warfare by the Canadian military.
These hydrofoils were fast and well armed. The Italian Navy has used six hydrofoils of the Sparviero class since the late 1970s.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
Hitachi Shipbuilding of Osaka, Japan, was another licensee of Supramar, as well as many leading ship owners and shipyards in the OECD countries. From 1952 to 1971, Supramar designed many models of hydrofoils: PT20, PT50, PT75, PT100 and PT150.
The US Navy implemented a small number of combat hydrofoils, such as the Pegasus class, from 1977 through 1993.
Over 200 of Supramar's design were built, most of them by Rodriquez in Sicily, Italy. During the same period the Soviet Union experimented extensively with hydrofoils, constructing hydrofoil river boats and ferries with streamlined designs during the cold war period and into the 1980s.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
The distance of was covered in 3 hours and 30 minutes downstream and 4 hours upstream. Between 1980 and 1981, B+I Line operated a Boeing 929 jetfoil, named Cú Na Mara (Hound of the Sea), between Liverpool and Dublin.
It was stopped due to a new speed limit. Between 1981 and 1990, "Transmediterranea" used to operate a service of hydrofoils connecting Ceuta and Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar.
The distance of was covered in 3 hours and 30 minutes downstream and 4 hours upstream. Between 1980 and 1981, B+I Line operated a Boeing 929 jetfoil, named Cú Na Mara (Hound of the Sea), between Liverpool and Dublin.
The service was not successful and was discontinued at the end of the 1981 season. See also the history of Condor Ferries, which operated six hydrofoil ferries over a 29-year period between the Channel Islands, south coast of England and Saint-Malo. Following the restoration of Estonian independence in the 1990s, the regular ferry service between Helsinki and Tallinn was augmented by Soviet built hydrofoils during the summer season in periods of good weather.
Both services were discontinued in the 1990s.
It was stopped due to a new speed limit. Between 1981 and 1990, "Transmediterranea" used to operate a service of hydrofoils connecting Ceuta and Algeciras in the Strait of Gibraltar.
Due to the common extreme winds and storms that take place in winter in the Strait of Gibraltar, the service was replaced in 1990 by catamarans, which were also able to carry cars.
The service was not successful and was discontinued at the end of the 1981 season. See also the history of Condor Ferries, which operated six hydrofoil ferries over a 29-year period between the Channel Islands, south coast of England and Saint-Malo. Following the restoration of Estonian independence in the 1990s, the regular ferry service between Helsinki and Tallinn was augmented by Soviet built hydrofoils during the summer season in periods of good weather.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
The US Navy implemented a small number of combat hydrofoils, such as the Pegasus class, from 1977 through 1993.
This high-speed connection had a big impact on the development of Ceuta, facilitating one-day business trips to mainland Spain. Between 1964 and 1991 the Sydney hydrofoils operated on Sydney Harbour between Circular Quay and Manly. Between 1969 and 1998 Red Funnel operated between Southampton and Cowes, Isle of Wight. During the 1970s and 1980s there were frequent services between Belgrade and Tekija in Đerdap gorge.
All of their fleets are Boeing 929. As of February 2008, all of the commercial lines in Japan use Boeing 929.
In September 2009, the Hydroptère set new sailcraft world speed records in the 500 m category, with a speed of and in the category with a speed of . The 500 m speed record for sailboats is currently held by the Vestas Sailrocket, an exotic design which operates in effect as a hydrofoil. Another trimaran sailboat is the Windrider Rave.
In 2011 the service reopened between Varna, Nesebar, Burgas and Sozopol, operated by Bulgarian Hydrofoils Ltd. Vietnamese Greenline Company operates hourly shuttle service between Ho Chi Minh city, Vung Tau and Con Dao island.
Its initial design was set in 2012 and it has been available commercially since the end of 2016.
Since 2012 replaced by a catamaran Mercury. Meteor, Raketa and Voskhod hydrofoil types operate all over Volga, Don and Kama Rivers in Russia.
In 2013 and 2017 respectively the AC72 and AC50 classes of catamaran, and in 2021 the AC75 class of foiling monohulls with canting arms. The French experimental sail powered hydrofoil Hydroptère is the result of a research project that involves advanced engineering skills and technologies.
Its initial design was set in 2012 and it has been available commercially since the end of 2016.
In 2013 and 2017 respectively the AC72 and AC50 classes of catamaran, and in 2021 the AC75 class of foiling monohulls with canting arms. The French experimental sail powered hydrofoil Hydroptère is the result of a research project that involves advanced engineering skills and technologies.
Powered by a 5.2-kWh lithium-ion battery pack and propelled by a 5.5 kW motor, it reaches the top speed of 40 km/h and has 80 km of range. The Manta5 Hydrofoiler XE-1 is a Hydrofoil E-bike, designed and built in New Zealand that has since been available commercially for pre-order since late 2017.
They were ultimately replaced with high-speed catamarans that could also carry vehicles and have better seaworthiness; however, the latter ceased operations as the operator filed for bankruptcy in May 2018. == Disadvantages == Hydrofoils had their peak in popularity in the 1960s and '70s.
In 2013 and 2017 respectively the AC72 and AC50 classes of catamaran, and in 2021 the AC75 class of foiling monohulls with canting arms. The French experimental sail powered hydrofoil Hydroptère is the result of a research project that involves advanced engineering skills and technologies.
All text is taken from Wikipedia. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License .
Page generated on 2021-08-05