The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978.
The least expensive model was the Model 20 with as little as 4096 bytes of core memory, eight 16-bit registers instead of the sixteen 32-bit registers of other System/360 models, and an instruction set that was a subset of that used by the rest of the range. The initial announcement in 1964 included Models 30, 40, 50, 60, 62, and 70.
It was notorious for reliability problems (earning humorous acronyms often involving "...Card Muncher" or "Mal-Function Card Machine"). Line printers were the IBM 1403 and the slower IBM 1443. A paper tape reader, the IBM 2671, was introduced in 1964.
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978.
The last three, intended to replace the 7000 series machines, never shipped and were replaced with the 65 and 75, which were first delivered in November 1965, and January 1966, respectively. Later additions to the low-end included models 20 (1966, mentioned above), 22 (1971), and 25 (1968).
Models 44, 75, 91, 95, and 195 were implemented with hardwired logic, rather than microcoded as all other models. The Model 67, announced in August 1965, was the first production IBM system to offer dynamic address translation (virtual memory) hardware to support time-sharing.
For the System/370 and later machines, MFT evolved into OS/VS1, while MVT evolved into OS/VS2 (SVS) (Single Virtual Storage), then various versions of MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) culminating in the current z/OS. When it announced the Model 67 in August 1965, IBM also announced TSS/360 (Time-Sharing System) for delivery at the same time as the 67.
The last three, intended to replace the 7000 series machines, never shipped and were replaced with the 65 and 75, which were first delivered in November 1965, and January 1966, respectively. Later additions to the low-end included models 20 (1966, mentioned above), 22 (1971), and 25 (1968).
(When used with a 360/20, the 1316 pack was formatted into fixed-length 270 byte sectors, giving a maximum capacity of 5.4MB.) In 1966, the first 2314s shipped.
The 303.8 KB/second IBM 2303 was announced on January 31, 1966, with a capacity of 3.913 MB.
The 1967 IBM System/360 Model 91 could execute up to 16.6 million instructions per second.
In 1967, a slower and cheaper pair of tape drives with integrated control unit was introduced: the 2415.
In 1968, the IBM 2420 tape system was released, offering much higher data rates, self-threading tape operation and 1600bpi packing density.
Evans ==Notes== ==References== ==External links== IBM System/360 System Summary 11th edition August 1969 IBM's announcement of the System/360 Dates of announcement, first ship and withdrawal of all models of the IBM System/360 Generations of the IBM 360/370/3090/390 by Lars Poulsen with multiple links and references Description of a large IBM System/360 model 75 installation at JPL "The Beginning of I.T.
Federal Aviation Administration operated the IBM 9020, a special cluster of modified System/360s for air traffic control, from 1970 until the 1990s.
These were the only drums announced for System/360 and System/370, and their niche was later filled by fixed-head disks. The 6,000 RPM 2305 appeared in 1970, with capacities of 5 MB (2305-1) or 11 MB (2305-2) per module.
It had performance problems, was delayed, canceled, reinstated, and finally canceled again in 1971.
DAT hardware would reappear in the S/370 series in 1972, though it was initially absent from the series.
The Soviet Union produced a System/360 clone named the ES EVM. The IBM 5100 portable computer, introduced in 1975, offered an option to execute the System/360's APL.SV programming language through a hardware emulator.
Like its close relative, the 65, the 67 also offered dual CPUs. IBM stopped marketing all System/360 models by the end of 1977. ===Backward compatibility=== IBM's existing customers had a large investment in software that executed on second-generation machines.
The IBM System/360 (S/360) is a family of mainframe computer systems that was announced by IBM on April 7, 1964, and delivered between 1965 and 1978.
It remained in the product line until 1979. ===Unit record devices=== Punched card devices included the 2501 card reader and the 2540 card reader punch.
Federal Aviation Administration operated the IBM 9020, a special cluster of modified System/360s for air traffic control, from 1970 until the 1990s.
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